Parewa et al.

K, S, Zn, Fe and B to plant, soil and resist occurrence

activity ranging from 143.2 to 144.8 μg TPF g -1 soil 24

of multiple nutrient deficiencies. If sufficient quantity

h -1 , phosphatase 33.6 to 34.2 μg PNP g -1 soil h -1 , soil

of organic manures is added along with inorganic

microbial biomass carbon (SMBC) 170-172 mg kg -1 soil,

fertilizers then perhaps there would be no need of adding

bacterial and fungal population 20 to 22 cfu x 10 5 g -1 soil

micronutrients (Parsad, 1999).

and 9 to 11 cfu x 10 4 g -1 soil, respectively, during the

Excessive use of chemical fertilizers harms the biological

1 st and 2 nd year of experiments. A total of 32 treatments

power of soil which must be prevented as transformations

combinations comprising of four levels of fertilizer (0,

of all the nutrients are negotiated by soil microflora.

50, 75 and 100% NPK ha -1 ), two levels of FYM (0

An optimum soil microorganism population must be

and 10 t ha -1 ) and four bioinoculants [No inoculation,

maintained in the soil for higher nutrient use efficiency.

PGPR ( Azotobactor chroococum W5 + Azospirillum

No single source of plant nutrients can meet the entire

brasilence Cd + Pseudomonas fluorescens BHU PSB06 +

nutrient need of crops in modern agriculture, rather they

Bacillus megaterium BHU PSB14), Vesicular Arbuscular

need to be used in an integrated manner following a

Mycorrhiza (VAM) and PGPR+ VAM] were replicated

management technology that is appropriate, economically

thrice under spilt-split plot design and assigned in main

viable,socially acceptable and ecologically sound (Finck,

plots, sub plot and sub-sub plots, respectively.

1998).

Wheat seedswere inoculatedwithAzotobactorchroococum

An organic source like FYM is the source of energy to the

W5 + Azospirillum brasilence Cd+ Pseudomonas

soil microflora and organic carbon content is considered

fluorescens BHU PSB06 + Bacillus megaterium BHU

to be an index of the soil health (Chand, 2006). There is a

PSB14 in 1:1:1:1: ratio. Inoculum of VAM, Glomus

great need for more research on biological nitrogen fixation

fasciculatum was drilled below seeds in soil. Wheat var.

and phosphorus solubilization for energy conservation.

HUW-234 was taken as a test crop to observe direct effect

Most soils of Uttar Pradesh are low in organic matter

of the treatments. The 100% NPK recommended dose of

content and poor in nitrogen and phosphorus. Hence

fertilizer for wheat was 120 kg N, 60 kg P2O5 and 60

introduction of efficient strains of bioinoculants in soils

kg K2O ha -1 , respectively. The FYM @ 10 t ha -1 was

may help in boosting up production through increased

incorporated one month before sowing as per treatments.

microbial population and consequently fixation of more

Total N, P and K contents of the FYM were 0.47, 0.24,

atmospheric nitrogen and more solubilization of insoluble

and 0.46%, respectively. Half dose of N and full dose of

phosphorus from the soil. Hence present study was

P and K were applied as basal in the form of urea, di-

undertaken to know the effect of inorganic fertilizers,

ammonium phosphate and muriate of potash manually by

FYM and bioinoculants and their interaction effect on the

placement method into open furrows, respectively. The

soil properties in the rhizosphere soil of wheat crop.

remaining N was applied in two equal splits at tillering

and flower initiation stages, respectively during both the

Materials and Methods

years. Soil samples were collected after harvesting of the

crop and analysed by the standard procedure.

A field experiment was conducted during Rabi season of

2009-10 and 2010-2011 at Agricultural Research Farm,

Results and Discusssion

Banaras Hindu University,Varanasi (U.P.). The soil of

experimental field was sandy loam in texture having low

Soil physical properties

soil organic carbon (0.38%), low available N (207.87 kg

ha -1 ), medium available P (17.9 kg ha -1 ) and K (227.0

The data presented in Table 1 indicate that increasing

kg ha -1 ), bulk density (1.41 Mg M -3 ), particle density

levels of fertilizer application and inoculation of seeds

(2.62 Mg M -3 ), water holding capacity (45.7%), cation

with bioinoculants did not show any significant effect on

exchange capacity [18.70 Cmol (P + ) kg -1 soil] contents

bulk density, yet it decreased bulk density during both

with neutral pH 7.3 (1:2.5 soil: water ratio). The biological

the years from the initial value. The bulk density of

properties of the initial soil sample viz. dehydrogenase

soil decreased significantly with incorporation of

518