Angmo et al.

monounsaturatedȱfattyȱacids,ȱwalnutsȱareȱcomposedȱ DepartmentȱofȱHorticulture,ȱInstituteȱofȱAgriculturalȱ

largelyȱ ofȱ polyunsaturatedȱ fattyȱ acids,ȱ particularlyȱ Science,ȱUniversityȱofȱCalcutta,ȱWestȱBengal,ȱIndia,ȱ

apha-linolenicȱacidȱandȱlinoleicȱacid.ȱTheȱbeneficialȱ duringȱ theȱ yearȱ 2011-2013.ȱ Theȱ genotypesȱ (G)ȱ areȱ

effectsȱ ofȱ thisȱ uniqueȱ fattyȱ acidȱ profileȱ hasȱ beenȱ aȱ selectedȱ fromȱ variousȱ walnutȱ growingȱ areasȱ ofȱ

subjectȱ ofȱ manyȱ studiesȱ andȱ discussionsȱ (Deirdreȱ Ladakhȱ viz. G _1ȱ fromȱ Skaraȱ (34°ȱ 9.907´ȱ Nȱ andȱ 77°ȱ

andȱ Frankȱ 2009).ȱ Thisȱ alpha-linolenicȱ acidȱ hasȱ 33.437´ȱ E),ȱ G _2ȱ fromȱ Nurlaȱ (34°ȱ 17.968´ȱ Nȱ andȱ 76°ȱ

substantialȱcardioȱprotectiveȱeffectsȱasȱitȱsurgesȱtheȱ 59.473´ȱ E),ȱ G _3ȱ fromȱ Temisgamȱ (34°ȱ 19.242´ȱ Nȱ andȱ

ratioȱofȱhigh-densityȱlipoproteinȱcholesterolȱtoȱtotalȱ 76°ȱ 59.260´ȱ E)ȱ andȱ G _4ȱ fromȱ Dhomkharȱ (34°ȱ 24.179´ȱ

cholesterol,ȱthereby,ȱplummetingȱtheȱinflammationȱ Nȱandȱ76°ȱ45.995´ȱE)ȱwithȱanȱaltitudeȱofȱ3360,ȱ3005,ȱ

andȱ mendingȱ arterialȱ functionȱ (Huȱ et al. 1999,ȱ 3231ȱandȱ3045ȱmetersȱaboveȱseaȱlevelȱrespectively.ȱ

Diousseȱ et al. 2001,ȱ Patelȱ 2005).ȱ Walnutȱ providesȱ aȱ Theȱmaximumȱandȱminimumȱtemperatureȱrecordedȱ

numberȱofȱnutrientsȱandȱthereȱisȱsomeȱevidenceȱthatȱ atȱ theȱ timeȱ ofȱ investigationȱ wasȱ 32ȱ °Cȱ andȱ 10ȱ °Cȱ

eatingȱ walnutsȱ afterȱ aȱ mealȱ highȱ inȱ unhealthyȱ fatsȱ respectivelyȱ withȱ anȱ averageȱ relativeȱ humidityȱ ofȱ

canȱreduceȱtheȱdamagingȱeffectsȱofȱsuchȱfatsȱonȱbloodȱ 63%ȱ andȱ 15ȱ mmȱ rainfall.ȱAȱ sampleȱ sizeȱ ofȱ 15ȱ sunȱ

vesselsȱ(Cortesȱ et al. 2006).ȱTheȱJammuȱandȱKashmirȱ driedȱ nutsȱ wasȱ collectedȱ fromȱ eachȱ bearingȱ treesȱ

Stateȱ ofȱ Indiaȱ aloneȱ accountsȱ forȱ >98%ȱ ofȱ India’sȱ forȱkernelȱandȱnutȱcharacters.ȱTheȱgenotypesȱwereȱ

totalȱ productionȱ (Sharmaȱ 2012).ȱ Ladakhȱ includesȱ characterizedȱ forȱ variousȱ charactersȱ followingȱ

Lehȱ andȱ Kargilȱ districtsȱ ofȱ Jammuȱ andȱ Kashmir.ȱ BiodiversityȱInternationalȱWalnutȱDescriptorȱ(1994).ȱ

Theȱregionȱisȱcold,ȱaridȱwithȱharshȱclimates,ȱandȱtheȱ Theȱcharactersȱselectedȱforȱcharacterizationȱwereȱtreeȱ

choiceȱofȱgrowingȱfruitsȱisȱveryȱlimitedȱdueȱtoȱpoorȱ vigour,ȱgrowthȱhabit,ȱbranching,ȱleafȱlengthȱ(cm),ȱleafȱ

adaptabilityȱ ofȱ fruitȱ plants.ȱ Theȱ growingȱ seasonȱ isȱ widthȱ(cm),ȱnumberȱofȱleaflets,ȱleafletȱshape,ȱleafletȱ

alsoȱlimitedȱtoȱfiveȱtoȱsixȱmonthsȱonly.ȱTheȱcollectionȱ margin,ȱleafȱcolour,ȱrachisȱcolour,ȱshootȱpubescence,ȱ

andȱ characterizationȱ ofȱ walnutȱ diversityȱ andȱ theirȱ shootȱcolour,ȱleafȱandȱrachisȱpubescence,ȱnutȱshape,ȱ

carefulȱevaluationȱwouldȱproveȱvaluableȱinȱtheȱnearȱ nutȱdiameterȱ(mm),ȱnutȱlengthȱ(mm),ȱshellȱtexture,ȱ

futureȱforȱcropȱimprovementȱprogrammesȱandȱboostȱ shellȱcolour,ȱshellȱseal,ȱshellȱstrength,ȱshellȱintegrity,ȱ

upȱwalnutȱcultivation.ȱInȱgeneral,ȱinformationȱonȱtheȱ shellȱthicknessȱ(mm),ȱinshellȱnutȱweightȱ(g),ȱkernelȱ

geneticȱdiversityȱwithinȱandȱamongȱcloselyȱrelatedȱ weightȱ (g),ȱ kernelȱ percentageȱ (%),ȱ kernelȱ flavor,ȱ

cropȱvarietiesȱisȱessentialȱforȱaȱrationalȱuseȱofȱgeneticȱ kernelȱ fill,ȱ kernelȱ plumpness,ȱ easeȱ ofȱ removalȱ ofȱ

resourcesȱ (Singhȱ et al. 2015a)ȱ andȱ characterizationȱ kernelȱhalvesȱandȱkernelȱcolour.ȱAnalysisȱwasȱdoneȱ

ofȱgenotypesȱalsoȱhelpsȱinȱfindingȱoutȱtheȱidealȱoneȱ byȱone-wayȱANOVAȱtechnique.ȱDuncan’sȱtestȱatȱ5%ȱ

whichȱ isȱ resistantȱ toȱ diseasesȱ (Singhȱ et al. 2015b).ȱ wasȱ alsoȱ followedȱ byȱ comparingȱ genotypicȱ meansȱ

Furthermore,ȱSharmaȱ et al. (2014)ȱalsoȱstressesȱonȱtheȱ ifȱsignificant.ȱAllȱanalysisȱwasȱdoneȱfollowingȱSPSS.ȱ

importanceȱ ofȱ selectionȱ fromȱ theȱ existingȱ seedlingȱ 17.0ȱsoftware.

populationȱ forȱ increasingȱ theȱ nutȱ production,ȱ

betterȱexportȱqualityȱandȱsupplyȱofȱqualityȱplantingȱ Results and Discussion

materialȱtoȱwalnutȱgrowers.ȱSo,ȱinȱtheȱpresentȱstudy,ȱ

Itȱisȱevidentȱfromȱtheȱdataȱpresentedȱinȱtheȱtableȱ1,ȱ

effortsȱwereȱmadeȱtoȱinvestigateȱandȱcharacterizeȱtheȱ

thatȱtreeȱvigourȱunderȱallȱtheȱgenotypesȱ(G ,ȱG ,ȱandȱ

1

2

differentȱ genotypesȱ ofȱ walnutȱ growingȱ inȱ Ladakhȱ

G )ȱofȱwalnutȱtreeȱwasȱobservedȱintermediateȱexceptȱ

4

forȱ phenologicalȱ andȱ pomologicalȱ charactersȱ andȱ

inȱ G ȱ whichȱ wasȱ intermediateȱ toȱ highȱ inȱ nature.ȱ

3

findȱoutȱtheȱsuperiorȱgenotypeȱ(s)ȱwhichȱwouldȱbeȱ

TheȱgrowthȱhabitȱofȱG ȱwasȱsemi-erectȱwhileȱotherȱ

1

importantȱcommercially.

genotypesȱ wereȱ spreadingȱ inȱ nature.ȱ Sharmaȱ et al.

(2014)ȱalsoȱobservedȱtheȱspreadingȱgrowthȱhabitȱinȱ

Materials and Methods

theȱeliteȱclonesȱofȱwalnutȱwithȱmediumȱtreeȱvigour.ȱ

Theȱ investigationȱ onȱ theȱ variousȱ nutȱ andȱ kernelȱ Theȱ growthȱ habitȱ ofȱ walnutȱ cultivarsȱ haveȱ beenȱ

parametersȱwasȱcarriedȱoutȱatȱtheȱlaboratoryȱofȱtheȱ categorizedȱ intoȱ erect,ȱ semi-erectȱ andȱ spreadingȱ

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