Heterosis studies in diallel crosses of maize for yield and yield attributing traits in maize ( Zea mays L.) over locations

onlyȱoneȱhybridȱexhibitedȱhighȱsignificantȱstandardȱ reasonȱofȱhighȱdegreeȱofȱheterosisȱwasȱdueȱtoȱgeneticȱ

heterosisȱoverȱ900ȱMȱGold.ȱTheȱhybridsȱwithȱhighȱ divergenceȱinȱtheȱparents,ȱthoughȱtheȱpredominanceȱ

heterosis,ȱheterobeltiosisȱandȱ per se ȱperformanceȱareȱ ofȱ dominantȱ geneȱ actionȱ wasȱ operatingȱ inȱ theȱ

BML-5233-5ȱXȱBML-7,ȱBML-15ȱXȱBML-2910,ȱCM-211ȱ inheritanceȱofȱtraits.ȱAmongȱtheseȱtopȱfiveȱcrosses,ȱ

XȱBML-5233-5,ȱBML-6ȱxȱBML-7ȱandȱBML-6ȱXȱBML-

BML-15ȱ Xȱ BML-2910ȱ alsoȱ registeredȱ significantȱ

2.ȱTheseȱresultsȱareȱinȱcomparableȱwithȱfindingsȱofȱ positiveȱstandardȱheterosisȱforȱnumberȱofȱkernelsȱperȱ

Singhȱ et al. ȱ(2010),ȱBhavanaȱ et al. ȱ(2011),ȱRamȱReddy

row.ȱ Thisȱ indicatesȱ theȱ yieldȱ attributesȱ helpedȱ theȱ

et al. ȱ(2011),ȱSumaliniȱandȱShobhaȱRaniȱ(2011),ȱFarhanȱ hybridsȱtoȱgetȱhighȱheterosisȱforȱgrainȱyieldȱperȱplant.ȱ

et al. ȱ(2012)ȱandȱAbdelȱ et al .ȱ(2014).

Similarlyȱotherȱhybridsȱwhichȱmanifestedȱsignificantȱ

standardȱheterosisȱforȱthisȱtraitȱwereȱBML-6ȱXȱBML-

Grain yield per plant (g)

2,ȱ BML-5233-5ȱ Xȱ BML-3044,ȱ BML-2782ȱ Xȱ BML-6,ȱ

Grainȱ yieldȱ perȱ plantȱ isȱ theȱ importantȱ yieldȱ

CM-211ȱ Xȱ BML-6ȱ andȱ BML-6ȱ xȱ BML-7ȱ andȱ wereȱ

characters.ȱ Grainȱ yieldȱ isȱ aȱ complexȱ quantitativeȱ

alsoȱsupportedȱbyȱdifferentȱquantitativeȱtraitsȱwithȱ

characterȱ whichȱ isȱ influencedȱ byȱ otherȱ ancillaryȱ

significantȱstandardȱheterosisȱoverȱDHM-117.

andȱcomponentȱcharacters.ȱHenceȱallȱchangesȱinȱtheȱ Theȱ crossȱ BML-15ȱ Xȱ BML-2910ȱ possessedȱ highȱ per

componentsȱwouldȱnotȱbeȱexpressedȱasȱchangesȱinȱ se ȱ performanceȱ (161.89g),ȱ significantȱ positiveȱ highȱ

yieldȱbutȱallȱchangesȱinȱyieldȱwouldȱbeȱaccompaniedȱ sca ȱ effectȱ (75.53),ȱ significantȱ standardȱ heterosisȱ

byȱchangesȱinȱoneȱorȱmoreȱcomponents.ȱTheȱpresentȱ (42.79%),ȱsignificantȱaverageȱheterosisȱ(226.21%)ȱandȱ

investigationȱrevealedȱaȱhighȱorderȱofȱheterosisȱforȱ significantȱheterobeltiosisȱ(205.13%)ȱoverȱtheȱcheckȱ

grainȱyieldȱperȱplant.ȱFortyȱthreeȱhybridsȱmanifestedȱ DHM-117ȱ forȱ grainȱ yieldȱ perȱ plant.ȱ Besidesȱ grainȱ

significantȱ positiveȱ heterosisȱ rangingȱ fromȱ -16.75ȱ yield,ȱtheȱcrossȱalsoȱshowedȱhighȱ per se ȱperformance,ȱ

(BML-15ȱ Xȱ BML-3044)ȱ toȱ 226.21ȱ perȱ centȱ (BML-

significantȱpositiveȱ sca ȱeffectsȱandȱstandardȱheterosisȱ

15ȱ Xȱ BML-2910).ȱ Theȱ significantȱ heterobeltiosisȱ forȱotherȱyieldȱcontributingȱcharactersȱlikeȱnumberȱ

wasȱrecordedȱinȱ41ȱhybrids,ȱwithȱaȱrangeȱofȱ-38.94ȱ ofȱ kernelsȱ perȱ row.ȱ Thisȱ hybridȱ wasȱ stableȱ overȱ

(BML-5233-5ȱXȱBML-2486)ȱtoȱ205.13ȱperȱcentȱ(BML-

locationsȱ forȱ grainȱ yieldȱ perȱ plant.ȱ Theȱ nextȱ bestȱ

15ȱXȱBML-2910).ȱNineȱhybridsȱoverȱDHM-117ȱandȱ hybridȱwasȱBML-7ȱXȱBML-3044ȱearlyȱmaturingȱwithȱ

twoȱoverȱ900ȱMȱGoldȱregisteredȱsignificantȱpositiveȱ highȱgrainȱyieldȱperȱplantȱofȱ136.62ȱg,ȱwithȱ sca ȱeffectȱ

standardȱ heterosisȱ inȱ pooledȱ analysis.ȱ Theȱ hybridȱ (30.66),ȱsignificantȱstandardȱheterosisȱ(20.50%)ȱoverȱ

whichȱexhibitedȱhighestȱheterosisȱoverȱDHM-117ȱandȱ DHM-117,ȱ significantȱ averageȱ heterosisȱ (130.72%)ȱ

900ȱMȱGold,ȱwasȱBML-15ȱXȱBML-2910ȱ(42.79%ȱandȱ andȱ significantȱ heterobeltiosisȱ (106.00%)ȱ overȱ theȱ

22.40%)ȱfollowedȱbyȱBML-6ȱXȱBML-3044ȱ(27.80%ȱandȱ checkȱ DHM-117ȱ andȱ thisȱ hybridȱ wasȱ stableȱ overȱ

9.55%),ȱbutȱonlyȱonȱDHM-117ȱwasȱBML-2782ȱXȱBML-

locationsȱforȱgrainȱyield,ȱnumberȱofȱkernelsȱperȱrow,ȱ

7ȱ(24.71%),ȱBML-7ȱXȱBML-3044ȱ(20.50)ȱandȱCM-211ȱXȱ plantȱ height,ȱ numberȱ ofȱ kernelȱ rowsȱ perȱ ear,ȱ earȱ

BML-7ȱ(12.52).ȱTheseȱresultsȱareȱinȱcomparableȱwithȱ lengthȱandȱearȱgirth.ȱTheȱanotherȱhybrid,ȱCM-211ȱXȱ

findingsȱ ofȱ Deviȱ andȱ Prodhanȱ (2004),ȱ Premalatha,ȱ BML-7ȱwithȱhighȱgrainȱyieldȱperȱplantȱofȱ127.58ȱg,ȱ

andȱKalamaniȱ(2010),ȱSinghȱ et al. ȱ(2010),ȱSultanȱ et al.

withȱ sca ȱeffectȱ(29.43),ȱsignificantȱstandardȱheterosisȱ

(2010),ȱBhavanaȱ et al. ȱ(2011),ȱRamȱReddyȱ et al. ȱ(2011),ȱ (12.52%),ȱ significantȱ averageȱ heterosisȱ (138.61%)ȱ

Farhanȱ et al. ȱ(2012),ȱMelkamuȱ et al. ȱ(2013),ȱAbdelȱ et al .ȱ andȱ significantȱ heterobeltiosisȱ (92.36%)ȱ andȱ thisȱ

(2014),ȱAsifȱ et al. (2014),ȱImdadȱ et al .(2014),ȱRajeshȱ et

hybridȱ wasȱ stableȱ wasȱ overȱ locationsȱ forȱ grainȱ

al. ȱ(2014)ȱandȱRuswandiȱ et al .(2015).

yieldȱ perȱ plant,ȱ andȱ earȱ girth.ȱ Theȱ hybrid,ȱ BML-

Grainȱyieldȱperȱplantȱisȱaȱmultiplicativeȱproductȱofȱ

6ȱ Xȱ BML-2ȱ withȱ grainȱ yieldȱ perȱ plantȱ ofȱ (127.54),ȱ

severalȱ basicȱ componentsȱ ofȱ yield.ȱ Theȱ increasedȱ

withȱ sca ȱeffectȱ(20.51),ȱsignificantȱstandardȱheterosisȱ

grainȱ yieldȱ isȱ definitelyȱ becauseȱ ofȱ increaseȱ inȱ oneȱ

(12.50%),ȱsignificantȱaverageȱheterosisȱ(99.43%)ȱandȱ

orȱ moreȱ thanȱ oneȱ yieldȱ components.ȱ Theȱ majorȱ

significantȱ heterobeltiosisȱ (88.12%)ȱ andȱ thisȱ hybridȱ

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