Saini
Performance ratio
sample.ȱThisȱisȱdueȱtoȱtheȱreasonȱthatȱbothȱtheȱWLȱ
Performanceȱratioȱ(PR)ȱisȱdefinedȱasȱtheȱratioȱofȱtheȱ
andȱ SGȱ valuesȱ atȱ 5%ȱ concentrationȱ wereȱ lessȱ thanȱ
amountȱofȱwaterȱremovedȱtoȱtheȱamountȱofȱsoluteȱ
theȱ valuesȱ ofȱ uncoatedȱ samples.ȱ Theȱ greaterȱ ratioȱ
uptake.ȱPRȱ(WL/SG)ȱratioȱservesȱasȱanȱindicatorȱforȱ
ofȱWLȱtoȱSGȱinȱpectinȱcoatedȱapplesȱwasȱobservedȱ
processȱeffectivenessȱ(Camirandȱ et al .ȱ1968;ȱKhinȱ et al .ȱ
inȱcomparisonȱwithȱuncoatedȱapplesȱbyȱLenartȱandȱ
2006b;ȱLazaridesȱ et al .ȱ1995;ȱSinghȱ et al .ȱ2010).ȱHighȱ
Dabrowskaȱ (1999).ȱ Lewickiȱ et al. ȱ (1984)ȱ observedȱ
PRȱisȱindicativeȱofȱaȱtreatmentȱthatȱaimsȱatȱextensiveȱ
highȱPRȱforȱcalcium-lowȱmethoxylȱpectinateȱcoatedȱ
dehydrationȱwithȱminimalȱsolidȱuptake.ȱAsȱcoatingȱ
applesȱcomparedȱwithȱuncoatedȱapples.ȱKhinȱ et al.
isȱ aimedȱ atȱ limitingȱ solidȱ uptakeȱ andȱ promotingȱ
(2006b)ȱ foundȱ highȱ PRȱ inȱ lowȱ methoxylȱ pectinateȱ
waterȱremoval,ȱtherefore,ȱPRȱisȱanȱappropriateȱwayȱ
coatedȱapples.
toȱ evaluateȱ andȱ finalizeȱ theȱ processȱ conditions.ȱ Inȱ Consideringȱ theȱ meanȱ valuesȱ ofȱ theȱ concentrationȱ
thisȱstudy,ȱPRȱisȱindicativeȱofȱprocessȱefficiencyȱandȱ atȱbothȱtheȱdippingȱtimeȱandȱdryingȱtime,ȱPRȱvalueȱ
dependsȱ onȱ theȱ concentrationȱ ofȱ coatingȱ solution,ȱ increasedȱ fromȱ 5.24ȱ toȱ 5.73ȱ withȱ increaseȱ inȱ theȱ
timeȱofȱdippingȱofȱsampleȱandȱdryingȱtimeȱtoȱfixȱtheȱ concentrationȱ ofȱ coatingȱ solutionȱ fromȱ 0.5ȱ toȱ 1%ȱ
coating.
andȱ thenȱ decreasedȱ toȱ 3.48ȱ asȱ theȱ concentrationȱ
Figureȱ 3ȱ presentsȱ PRȱ inȱ coatedȱ andȱ uncoatedȱ
wasȱ increasedȱ toȱ 5%.ȱ Theȱ maximumȱ differenceȱ inȱ
pineappleȱ samplesȱ atȱ variousȱ concentrationsȱ ofȱ
theȱPRȱvalueȱbetweenȱcoatedȱandȱuncoatedȱsampleȱ
pectinȱ atȱ twoȱ differentȱ dippingȱ andȱ dryingȱ time.ȱ
wasȱ foundȱ inȱ theȱ samples,ȱ whichȱ wereȱ dippedȱ inȱ
TheȱhighestȱvalueȱofȱPRȱ(5.89)ȱwasȱobservedȱduringȱ
theȱ coatingȱ solutionȱ ofȱ 1%ȱ concentrationȱ forȱ 120ȱ sȱ
massȱ transferȱ processȱ inȱ ODȱ ofȱ pineappleȱ samplesȱ
followedȱ byȱ ovenȱ dryingȱ forȱ 40ȱ min.ȱ Furthermore,ȱ
dippedȱinȱcoatingȱsolutionȱofȱ1%ȱconcentrationȱforȱ
withȱincreaseȱinȱdryingȱtimeȱfromȱ10ȱtoȱ40ȱmin,ȱtheȱ
120ȱsȱfollowedȱbyȱovenȱdryingȱforȱ40ȱmin,ȱwhileȱtheȱ
PRȱvalueȱvariedȱfromȱ3.47ȱtoȱ5.73ȱatȱdippingȱtimeȱofȱ
lowestȱ valueȱ (3.42)ȱ wasȱ foundȱ inȱ samplesȱ dippedȱ
60ȱsȱandȱfromȱ3.42ȱtoȱ5.89ȱbyȱincreasingȱdippingȱtimeȱ
forȱ 120ȱ sȱ inȱ coatingȱ solutionȱ ofȱ 5%ȱ concentrationȱ
toȱ120ȱs.ȱComparingȱtheȱmeanȱvaluesȱofȱtwoȱdippingȱ
followedȱbyȱdryingȱforȱ10ȱmin.ȱPRȱvaluesȱincreasedȱ
time,ȱ PRȱ valueȱ increasedȱ fromȱ 4.51ȱ toȱ 4.82ȱ afterȱ
asȱtheȱconcentrationȱofȱcoatingȱagentȱincreasedȱfromȱ
increasingȱdippingȱtimeȱfromȱ60ȱtoȱ120ȱs.ȱSimilarly,ȱ
0.5ȱtoȱ1%ȱandȱfurtherȱincreaseȱinȱtheȱconcentrationȱ
whenȱ theȱ meanȱ valuesȱ ofȱ twoȱ dryingȱ timeȱ wereȱ
aboveȱ 1%ȱ resultedȱ inȱ decreasedȱ PR.ȱ Thisȱ trendȱ
considered,ȱPRȱvalueȱwasȱ4.54ȱatȱ10ȱminȱdryingȱtime,ȱ
wasȱ observedȱ inȱ bothȱ theȱ dippingȱ timeȱ ofȱ 60ȱ andȱ
whichȱlaterȱonȱincreasedȱtoȱ4.78ȱbyȱincreasingȱdryingȱ
120ȱsȱandȱdryingȱtimeȱofȱ10ȱandȱ40ȱmin.ȱTherefore,ȱ
timeȱtoȱ40ȱmin.ȱStatisticalȱanalysisȱrevealedȱthatȱtheȱ
increaseȱ inȱ theȱ valueȱ ofȱ PRȱ byȱ usingȱ theȱ coatingȱ
PRȱvaluesȱatȱallȱtheȱsixȱlevelsȱofȱconcentration,ȱtwoȱ
solutionȱ indicatedȱ thatȱ theȱ purposeȱ ofȱ coatingȱ theȱ
dippingȱtimeȱandȱtwoȱdryingȱtimeȱdifferȱsignificantlyȱ
pineappleȱsamplesȱwasȱachievedȱasȱtheȱcoatingȱwasȱ
fromȱ oneȱ another.ȱ Theȱ differenceȱ inȱ theȱ valuesȱ ofȱ
performedȱtoȱincreaseȱtheȱWLȱandȱdecreaseȱtheȱSG.ȱ
PRȱofȱcoatedȱandȱuncoatedȱsampleȱwasȱstatisticallyȱ
IncreaseȱinȱPRȱvalueȱverifiesȱtheȱfactȱthatȱtheȱcoatingȱ
significantȱ(p<0.05).
helpedȱ toȱ obstructȱ theȱ entryȱ ofȱ sucroseȱ moleculesȱ
Weight reduction
intoȱtheȱpineappleȱsamples,ȱwhileȱatȱtheȱsameȱtimeȱ
ensuringȱtheȱlossȱofȱwaterȱfromȱtheȱpineappleȱsampleȱ Theȱ comparisonȱ ofȱ weightȱ reductionȱ (WR)ȱ
intoȱtheȱosmoticȱsolutionȱduringȱtheȱODȱprocess.ȱPRȱ betweenȱ coatedȱ andȱ uncoatedȱ samplesȱ atȱ differentȱ
valuesȱofȱallȱtheȱcoatedȱsamplesȱwereȱmoreȱthanȱtheȱ concentrationsȱofȱpectinȱandȱtwoȱlevelsȱofȱdippingȱ
uncoatedȱsamplesȱ(3.57)ȱexceptȱtheȱsamples,ȱwhichȱ timeȱ andȱ dryingȱ timeȱ isȱ presentedȱ inȱ Figureȱ 4.ȱ
areȱcoatedȱwithȱcoatingȱsolutionȱofȱ5%ȱconcentration.ȱ Theȱ differencesȱ inȱ waterȱ removalȱ andȱ solidȱ gainȱ
Theȱ maximumȱ concentrationȱ ofȱ 5%ȱ wasȱ unableȱ toȱ rateȱ resultedȱ inȱ significantȱ differencesȱ inȱ netȱ WRȱ
increaseȱtheȱvalueȱofȱPRȱaboveȱtheȱPRȱofȱuncoatedȱ amongȱcoatedȱsamplesȱandȱalsoȱbetweenȱcoatedȱandȱ
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