Computational and evolutionary insights into anthocyanin biosynthesis

site), and Ks (the number of synonymous substitutions per synonymous site) for

different species between solanaceae and poaceae was also carried out separately

(Nei and Gojobori, 1986). The accession numbers of six common genes are

chosen for comparative analysis between Solanaceae and Poaceae and obtained

from NCBI database are: Solanum lycopersicum- all predicted genes ; Solanum

tuberosum- HQ659493.1, HQ659498.1, HQ659496.1,AF449422.1, HQ337900.1,

DQ106850.1; Petunia hybrida- X04080.1, X14589.1, X60512.1, AF233639.1,

AB027454.1; Solanum melongena- EU809469.1; Zea mays- NM001148774.1,

Zea mays- NM001148774.1, NM001157980.1, NM001112225.1, NM00158995.1,

X55314.1,

NM001112416.1;

Oryza

sativa-

AB000801.2,

AF474922.1,

XM474226.1, AB003496.1, Y07955.1, AY625694.1; Triticum aestivum-

AY286097.1, DQ233636.1, AY373831.1, AB247917.1; Hordium vulgare-

AF474923.1, X15694.1.

Results and Discussion

DNA sequence conservation calculated by DnaSP software between different

species of solanaceae and poaceae was found highest (C value- 0.52 and

conservation threshold: CT value -0.61) in CHS and lowest in CHI (Table 1).

Number of polymorphic sites was highest (641) in CHI and lowest (294) in F3H .

McDonald-Kreitman analysis showed that the synonymous changes between the

species belonging to both solanaceae and poaceae were higher in downstream

enzymes DFR, ANS and UF3GT and lower in upstream enzymes CHS, CHI and

F3H. The number of segregating sites for solanaceae was highest in CHS (283)

and lowest inANS (74). The Ks and Ka were also analysed separately for different

species of both the families. Between potato and petunia Ks for CHI was highest

whereas between tomato and petunia Ks was lowest. Similar results were obtained

for other species and given in Table1. Ks for CHS, DFR andANS was not available

between most of the species of solanaceae and poaceae. The nucleotide diversity

between solanaceae and poaceae was higher in CHI, UF3GT, DFR and ANS and

lower in F3H and CHS (Figure 1).

Table 1. Computational analysis of six common anthocyanin pathway genes between

solanaceae (Pi1) and poaceae (Pi2) families

(1) Comparative analysis of consrved DNA regions, DNA divergence between

Solanaceae (p1) and Poaceae (p2)

Parameters

CHS

CHI

F3H

DFR

ANS

UF3GT

Selected region

1-1779

1-995

1-1807

1-1226

1-1439

1-1440

Total no. of analyzed

sites

1165

676

1204

1126

1233

1325

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