Singh et al.

production. Rama and Srivastava (1995) had reported that easily metabolizable

carbohydrate might result in the better growth of the bacteria along with reduction

in enzyme formation. Ashraf et al. (2003) also reported the lower rate of enzyme

production when glucose and lactose were supplemented into the medium which

is in agreement with the present study. The high starch concentration promoted

high enzyme formation because the organism used the starch much slowly than

other sugars for its respiratory activity. Hence it can be speculated that the slow

metabolic rate favours amylase production. Ramesh and Losane (1990) also found

the soluble starch as best carbon source for α- amylase production by Bacillus

licheniformis M27. On the contrary Hassan and Karim (2012) obtained increased

α- amylase production using Bacillus subtilis from rice straw by increasing the

glucose concentration in the medium. These results may infer that different

bacillus sp. require different carbon source for the synthesis of α- amylase. In

another study conducted by Nagrajan et al. (2010) higher yield of α-amylase using

Bacillus subtilis was obtained from wheat bran medium supplemented with 0.1%

glucose and sucrose.Kalairasi and Parvatham (2013) also fermented different

carbon supplements (starch and maltose) into the wheat bran medium under

SSF by using Bacillus cereus MTCC 10202 and reported high enzyme titre with

starch followed by maltose. Glucose supplementation resulted in the repression

of enzyme production. This might be due to the feedback inhibition caused by

the presence of glucose as reported by Rama and Srivastava (1995). Sindhu et al.

(2009) and Kunamneni et al. (2005) also reported similar results in which alpha

amylase production was induced by starch and its hydrolytic product maltose.

Glucose has inhibitory effect on production and acts as catabolite repressor as

reported by Nandakumar et al. (1996) and Alva et al. (2007). Ramesh Kumar and

Sivasudha (2011) found starch as best carbon source supplementation with rice

bran for α- amylase production when Bacillus subtilis MAFE118079 was used

as inoculum. Rai and Solanki (2014) also reported maltose (1%) as best carbon

source supplementation for enzyme production when Bacillus amyloliquefaciens

was used with agricultural residue mixture of wheat bran and barley bran (1:1). El-

Shishtawy et al. (2014) also reported increased α- amylase production by maltose

and starch supplementation and decreased production by lactose supplementation

by using Bacillus sp. Sarethy et al. (2012) also found 1% starch as best for inducing

α- amylase production. In a study reported by Pandey et al. (2000), higher cell

density and higher specific growth rate were obtained from glucose but higher

enzyme activity and higher specific enzyme activity were obtained from starch.

Nguyen et al. (2000) also found that maltodextran was the best carbon source for

α-amylase production.

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International Journal of Bioinformatics and Biological Sciences : v.2 n.3&4. Dec. 2014