Recent Advances in Biosynthesis of Vitamin and Enzyme from Food Grade Bacteria

1. Folic acid (or Vitamin B ₉ ): Folic acid, which belongs

Dietary folate is essential for humans, since it cannot

to the B-group of vitamins is also called vitamin

be synthesized by mammalian cells. Folate may be

M. It is important for many metabolic reactions, in

found in legumes, leafy greens, some fruits and

the biosynthesis of DNA and RNA and the inter-

vegetables, in liver and fermented dairy products

conversions of amino acids. Also, folate possesses

(Eitenmiller and Landen, 1999). As suggested by

antioxidant competence that protects the genome by

Wouters et al. (2002), in yogurts the amount of folate

preventing free radical attack (LeBlanc et al. 2011).

may be increased depending on the starter cultures

In fact, the term folate is used to describe folic acid

used and the storage condition to values above

derivatives such as the folyl glutamates which are

200 μg / L. Folate deficiencies are associated with a

naturally present in foods while folic acid that is the

variety of disorders like osteoporosis, Alzheimer’s

chemicallysynthesizedformoffolate,commonlyused

disease, coronary heart diseases and increased risk

for food fortification and nutritional supplements. of breast and colorectal cancer as indicated by the

epidemiological studies (Rossi et al. 2011).

Table 1. Vitamin biosynthesis by LAB and related genera

Vitamin

Producing bacterium/strain

Reference(s)

Folic acid and biotin

Streptococcus thermophiles , Lactobacillus bulgaricus

Bifidobacterium spp., Stre. thermophilus and/or

Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. Bulgaricus

Lc. lactis , Stre . thermophilus , Leuconostoc spp.

Lactobacillus spp.

Bifidobacterium spp.

L. helveticus MTCC 5463, L. rhamnosus MTCC Wouters et al. , 2002

5462

Crittenden et al. 2003;

Strozzi and Mogna, 2008

Sybesma et al. , 2003

Pompei et al. , 2007,

D’Aimmo et al. , 2012

Goswami, 2012

Folic acid, thiamin and Vitamin B ₃ -nicotinic Bifidobacterium spp. like B. bifidum , B. breve , B. Deguchi et al. , 1985

acid

longum infantis is B. adolescentis

Riboflavin

L. fermentum MTCC 8711

Lactic acid bacteria

Jayashree et al. , 2010

Spano, 2011

Vitamin B ₆ (pyridoxine) and Vitamin B ₁₂ B. bifidum , B. breve , B. longum , B. infantis

Marques et al. , 2010

(cobalamin)

Vitamin B ₁₂ (cobalamin)

L. reuteri and other lactobacilli

Propionibacterium shermani

Taranto et al. , 2003

Burgess et al. , 2004

Vitamin B complex

Enterococcus spp.

Bifidobacterium lactis

Keuth and Bisping, 1993

Beitane and Ciprovica,

2012

Vitamin K

Lactococcus ,

Lactobacillus ,

Enterococcus , O’Connor et al. , 2005;

Leuconostoc and Streptococcus

Cooke et al. , 2006

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