Jadav et al.

(1048.46). Involvement of rural women was the

2011). Exploration of sub-roles under the nutrition of

highest in management activities. In financial type animal was carried out using Wilcoxon Signed Ranks

of activities, women were less involved. Similar

(WSR) tests. There were total ten hypothesized sub-

findings with the participation of women was less roles of women. Basically roles with four stratums

in money transaction like involvement in banking

were socially perceived under nutrition with

process, purchasing and sell of animals, maintenance

ordering as ‘feeding young calf, watering the animals

of account financial records, involvement in dairy and feeding the animals → harvesting fodder crops,

co-operatives

and

purchasing

of

equipments

fodder collection, storage of feed & fodder, to offering

(Lahoti et al., 2012). Further data mining using concentrate and taking animals for grazing → soaking

Mann-Whitney (M-W) test brought healthcare and of concentrate → chaffing fodder.

breeding under common stratum with no significant

differences (p<0.05). Therefore, our hypothesized

Table 3. Role of women in nutrition of animal

major roles of women with five stratum pyramid

were actually agreed as four stratums by society

Sr.

Variables

MR

Ranks WX

ordered as Management → Nutrition → Healthcare

No.

and Breeding → Finance.

9

Feeding young calf`

6.37

1

d

Mean Rank of 34 Likert- type variables measuring

10

Watering the animals

6.18

2

d

different aspects of the role of women in rural dairy

1

Feeding the animals

6.06

3

d

enterprise have been presented in Table 2. Analysing

2

Harvesting fodder crops

5.72

4

c

using Friedman test revealed that the maximum

4

Fodder collection

5.69

5

c

mean rank was obtained for variable 11, depicting

5

Storage of feed & fodder

5.59

6

c

major involvement of women in cleaning of animal

8

To offering concentrate

5.46

7

c

shed and second highest involved with rural women

3

Taking animals for grazing

5.44

8

c

in the cleaning of utensils. Similar results with

7

Soaking of concentrate

4.59

9

b

involvement of farm women in cleaning of utensils

6

Chaffing fodder

3.90

10

a

and shed was reported as 100% (Lahoti et al. 2012).

Similar type of activities like washing and grooming

WX= Wilcoxon Signed Ranks Test

of animals got third rank. Milking of animals and The role of women in management was analyzed and

disposal of their dung were the next two important

depicted in Table 4. The study revealed maximum

activities carried out by women. Care of pregnant

role of rural women in cleaning of animal sheds and

animals, feeding young calf and care of new born

utensils. They actively participated in washing and

calf were the common intermediate activities carried

grooming of animals, milking, disposal of cow dung,

out by them. Rural dairy farm women were very

care of new born calf and weaning and management

least involved in insurance, getting loans/credit from of calf except maintaining farm and dairy records.

banks, Maintaining farm and dairy records, purchase Examination of sub roles of management was carried

of feeds & fodder and sale & purchase of animals.

out with the use of Wilcoxon Signed Ranks (WSR)

The role of women in nutrition of animal was also

tests. There were eight hypothesized sub roles in

analyzed with the use of Friedman test and the

management.

presented in Table III, which indicate that most of

Actually it was only four sub-roles accepted by the

the respondents were involved in feeding young

society. The final four stratum order based on mean

calf, watering the animals and feeding the animals.

ranking was ‘cleaning of animal sheds and cleaning of

Similar results with 86.66 per cent of rural women

utensils → washing and grooming of animals, milking

were found involved in feeding of animals followed

and disposal of cow dung → care of new born calf and

by watering of animals (85 per cent) (Rathod et al.,

weaning & management of calf → maintaining farm

102