Journal of Animal Research: v.5 n.1, p. 175-182. April. 2015

DOI Number: 10.5958/2277-940X.2015.00028.5

Subclinical Bovine Mastitis in Rural, Peri-Urban and Suburban Regions of Jaipur

District of Rajasthan, India

Biswadeep Jena 1* , Nilesh Kumar Pagrut 2 , Abhishek Sahoo 3 and Abrar Ahmed 1

1 Department of Teaching Veterinary Clinical Complex, MJF College of Veterinary and Animal Science,

Chomu, Jaipur, Rajasthan, INDIA

2 Department of Veterinary Pathology, MJF College Of Veterinary And Animal Science, Chomu, Jaipur, Rajasthan, INDIA

3 Department of Animal Nutrition, Arawali Veterinary College, Sikar, Rajasthan, INDIA

*Corresponding author: B Jena; Email- biswadeep44@gmail.com

Received: 18 December, 2014

Accepted: 02 February, 2015

ABSTRACT

A cross section study was carried out from June 2013 to May 2014 on a total of 110 lactating cows of rural, peri-urban and

suburban regions of Jaipur District of state of Rajasthan, for sub clinical mastitis by using California Mastitis Test (CMT),

White side test (WST), Surf Field Mastitis Test (SFMT) and Somatic cell count (SCC). Prevalence of subclinical bovine

mastitis in animal level was recorded as 67.27, 64.55, 63.64 and 74.55 % by CMT, WST, SFMT and SCC, respectively whereas

39.55, 38.86, 37.95 and 45.23 % by CMT, WST, SFMT and SCC, respectively in the level of quarters. Staphylococcus species

(46.3%) occupied the prime position among the bacterial isolates followed by Streptococcus species (9.76%), Escherichia coli

(6.1%), mixed growth (32.96%) and sterile growth (4.88%). Antibiotic susceptibility test revealed highest sensitivity towards

Enrofloxacin. However, antibiotics showing higher rate of resistance patterns were Streptomycin, Penicillin G, Ampicillin,

Cloxacillin, Amoxicillin, Kanamycin and Lincomycin. This reflects the poor quality of milk available to the consumers, lack of

adequate hygienic practices, pre-emptive prophylactic regimen and indiscriminate use of antimicrobials.

Keywords : Subclinical mastitis, bovine, CMT, SFMT, WST, SCC, bacterial isolates, antibiotic sensitivity test

Mastitis is an inflammation of the mammary gland (Suojala

in the milk and by pathological changes in the mammary

et al ., 2011) The incidences of mastitis highly affects the

tissue (Ranjan et al ., 2010). Various forms of clinical and

economics of dairy industry, due to sudden drop in milk

subclinical mastitis occur in bovines. In clinical mastitis all

yield, increase in treatment costs, recovery time and

the five cardinalsigns of udder inflammation(redness, heat,

finally culling of the affected cows (Bar et al ., 2008; Hertl

swelling, pain and loss of milk production) are recorded,

et al ., 2011). Mastitis compromises animal welfare as

while in the sub-clinical form no obvious manifestations of

well as its treatment, associated with human health hazard

inflammation are found. Subclinical mastitis is 3-40 times

(Fogsgaard et al ., 2011; Rasmussen et al ., 2011). Bovine

more common than clinical mastitis that causes greater

mastitis is categorized as one of the most problematic

overall loss in most dairy herds (Bachaya et al ., 2011).

diseases affecting the dairy industry throughout the world

In 2004, Varshney and Naresh reported 70% economic

(Bachaya et al ., 2011). It was the most prevalent and

losses due to subclinical mastitis. The situation has been

cost sparing diseases of dairy animals worldwide, with

compounded by the continued indiscriminate use of

an annual economic loss of over 1.7 billion dollars in the

antibiotics without culture and sensitivity testing of milk.

USA (Sahoo et al ., 2012) and 526 million dollars in India

This may be attributed to callous approach of the dairy

(Varshney and Naresh, 2004). It is characterized by heat,

farmers, who instead of consulting qualified veterinarian,

redness, swelling, hardness and pain with abnormalities in

prefer to take over the counter supply of medicine by

milk like increased somatic cells, especially leukocytes,

the drug retailers. Veterinarians who do not capitalize