Jena et al.

establishment of E. coli mastitis (Gyles and thoen, 1993).

chemotherapy continues to play a major role in the

These inherent properties of udder defense against E. coli

therapeutic management of the disease. For success

infection might be responsible for reduced incidence of E.

of the treatment, sensitivity testing plays a pivotal role.

coli mastitis in the present study. Prevalence of E.coli is an

Recently newer antibiotics have been introduced for the

indication of poor hygienic practices in dairy environment,

treatment of both sub clinical and clinical mastitis. Thus,

as these organisms originate from the cow’s environment

it has become imperative to control this dreaded disease

and infect the udder through the teat canal. Contamination

with most effective antibiotic therapy. Hence the present

of end of the teat is a major predisposing factor in the

study was also designed to prove into in-vitro sensitivity

development of environmental mastitis (Bradley, 2002;

of isolated bacterial strains from cases of SCM against a

Sumathi et al ., 2008; Sharma et al ., 2012).

range of traditional as well as newly introduced antibiotics

Different combinations of the mastitogenic organisms

potentially useful for the treatment and control programme

were detected in mixed infection. Most predominant

(Sharma et al ., 2007).

combination of the isolates was Staph. spp. and Strep.

Highest sensitivity of bacteria towards Enrofloxacin is in

spp. followed by Staph. spp. and E. coli similar to findings

agreement with Sahoo et al ., (2009); Ranjan et al ., (2010)

of Srinivasan et al . (2013). Therefore, it is of principal

and Sharma et al . (2012). Isolates in the present study

magnitude that a particular dairy herd/organized farm

showed moderate sensitivity or resistance to Streptomycin

should be screened for the disease routinely, espouse

and Penicillin – G. Indiscriminate and frequent use

an efficient treatment protocol and sound prophylactic

of these antibiotics in animals could be the reason for

measures, that would prevent serious economic losses in

their ineffectiveness against bacterial isolates. Similar

terms of decreased milk production, cost of treatment and

observations of resistance towards Penicillin were also

culling of animals.

observed by Ranjan et al . (2010) and Harini and sumathi

The failure of some pathogens to grow in vitro may

(2011).

be due to the fact that certain microorganisms require

The distressing level of resistance of organisms to a

specific culture media (Ranjan et al. 2010). It could also

particular drug might be due to the indiscriminate use

be explained by the possible premedication of the animals

of the respective drugs. In view of the diversified gamut

with antibiotics (Hawari and Al-Dabbas, 2008) because

of pathogens resulting in mastitis, its control needs

the withdrawal time may not have been respected.

the selection of apt antimicrobial by establishing an

The data summarized in Table-3 indicates the zone of

antibiogram. Hence, the control of mastitis should be

inhibition and antibiotic sensitivity of the isolates. Out

directed by administration of distinct regime of antibiotics

of 82 isolates obtained from cases of SCM from cows

and holistic advance to the disease management.

tested for their antibiogram, revealed percent of isolates

Hence the present study concluded that prevalence of

were most sensitive to Enrofloxacin (92.7%), followed

subclinical mastitis in rural, peri-urban and suburban

by Ciprofloxacin (89%), Amikacin (85.4%), Ceftriaxone

provinces of Jaipur was found to be highly contagious.

(80.5%), Chloramphenicol (73.2%), Cephotaxime

The rationale behind this high prevalence is multifaceted,

(68.3%), Gentamicin (47%), Pefloxacin (40%),

but there are a few points need scrupulous elucidation

Cephalexin (37%) and Neomycin (31%). On the contrary,

such as lack of regular screening for early detection and

antibiotics showing higher rate of resistance patterns

prophylactic treatment, inadequate housing with improper

were Streptomycin, Penicillin G, Ampicillin, Cloxacillin,

sanitation of environment, udder and milker’s hand, zero

Amoxicillin, Kanamycin and Lincomycin showing 87.8%,

grazing , late stage of lactation, high parity; all seem to

84.1%, 78%, 74.4%, 73.2%, 72% and 69.5% resistance,

augment the risk of getting SCM. Although we did not

respectively.

perform any statistics on it, the results of this study

The emergence of drug resistant organisms causing

provide new information and will hopefully contribute to

mastitis due to indiscriminate use of antibiotics is well

a possibly lower prevalence of SCM in the future.

known. Moreover, due to lack of prophylactic agents,

180

Journal of Animal Research: v.5 n.1. April 2015