Journal of Animal Research: v.5 n.2, p. 303-309. June 2015
DOI Number: 10.5958/2277-940X.2015.00052.2
Effect of Kinnow Mandarin ( Citrus Nobilis Lour × Citrus Deliciosa Tenora ) Fruit
Waste Silage on Nutrient Intake, Digestibility and Performance of Goat Bucks
Bilal Ahmad Malla 1* , Ankur Rastogi 2 , Ramesh Kumar Sharma 2 , Ishfaq Ahmad 2 ,
Hujaz Tariq 1 and Javid Farooq 2
1 Division of Dairy Cattle Nutrition, National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, Haryana, INDIA
2 Division of Animal Nutrition, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences & Technology of Jammu, Jammu and Kashmir,
INDIA
* Corresponding author: BA Malla; Email: bilal.ahmad368@gmail.com
Received: 27 November, 2014
Accepted: 25 April, 2015
ABSTRACT
The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of the feeding Kinnow mandarin fruit waste (KMW) silage viś-a- viś
oat silage on nutrient intake, nutrient digestibility, utilization and general performance of adult male goats. Twelve local adult
male goats were randomly allotted into two equal groups namely oat silage (OS) and Kinnow silage (KS) group. Animals
were offered weighed quantities of respective silage (Oat silage to OS and KMW silage to KS) on ad lib . Silage intake (g/d),
DM intake (DMI), digestible DMI, digestible organic matter (OMI) and digestible CP intake was comparable (P>0.05) among
the two dietary groups. The per cent digestibility of all the analysed nutrients was analogous (P>0.05) in both the groups
irrespective of the diet. Total digestible nutrient (TDN) intake (g/d) of goats kept on KMW silage was significantly (P<0.05)
higher than OS group animals. Balance of nitrogen and phosphorus was positive in both the groups without any significant
(P>0.05) difference between dietary groups. There was no significant difference in analysed blood bio-chemicals and serum
enzymes level between different periods and groups, suggesting general well-being of goats. On the basis of results of present
study, it can be concluded adult male goats can be maintained on the silage of Kinnow waste without affecting nutrient intake,
utilization and general performance of animals.
Keywords: Citrus fruit waste, Energy supplement, Goats, Kinnow silage, oat silage
A major constraint to increasing livestock productivity in
matter makes diffcult to dispose them (Crupi et al ., 2001).
developingcountriesisthescarcityandfluctuatingquantity
Citrus pulp is a valuable edible material that includes a
and quality of the year-round supply of conventional feeds
wide range of energy nutrients for rumen microorganisms
(Bakshi and Wadhwa, 2007). Fruit processing industry
(Miron et al ., 2002; Scerra et al ., 2001). Citrus fruit by-
provides juice, concentrate, or canned fruit and wastes
product contains a relatively large amount of pectin and
including pulp, peel, rag, and seeds. After extracting juice,
soluble carbohydrates, and can be used in animal feeding
the moist pulp, comprises about 44 to 50% of the original
either fresh or after ensilage or dehydration (Karabulut
fruit weight (Widmer et al ., 2010). This waste (amounting
et al ., 2007). Citrus pulp has been previously used as a
to several tons per day in a medium-sized processing
high energy feed in rations of growing and lactating cattle
plant) causes many economic and environmental problems
(Solomon et al ., 2000; Miron et al ., 2001).
because of its fermentability (Tripodo et al ., 2004). These
‘Kinnow,’ a hybrid between king and willow mandarins
residues are rich in soluble sugars, organic acids, fiber and
(Citrus nobilis Lour x Citrus deliciosa Tenora) is one of
have high digestibility potential (Jetana et al ., 2009; Migwi
the important citrus fruit crops in Northern Indian States
et al ., 2001) but are poor in nitrogen (Caro et al ., 1990).
(Sharma et al ., 2007). In India Kinnow is being grown in
Furthermore, because of its high water content (about
many states like Himachal Pradesh, Jammu & Kashmir,
86%) it is difficult to dry them and high content of organic