Journal of Animal Research: v.5 n.2, p. 329-332. June 2015

DOI Number: 10.5958/2277-940X.2015.00057.1

Effect of Epidural Administration of Promethazine With and Without Bupivacaine

on Biochemical Attiributes of Canines

Babita Verma * and S.K. Pandey

Department of Veterinary Surgery and Radiology, College of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry,

Jabalpur, Madhya Pradesh, INDIA

*Corresponding author: B Verma; E-mail: bob_surg@yahoo.co.in

Received: 25 January, 2015

Accepted: 15 April, 2015

ABSTRACT

Six apparently healthy nondescript adult dogs weighing 15 to 20 kg were used for investigation on effects of Bupivacaine

Hydrochloride and Promethazine as epidural anesthetic on Biochemical attributes. Nine serum samples from each dog were

collected at 0, 3, 6, 12, 24, 48, 72, and at 96 h post treatment for the estimation of Blood Glucose, Serum Glutamic Pyruvic

Transaminase (SGPT), Serum Alkaline Phosphatase (SAP), Total Bilirubin and serum creatinine. It was observed that the

Blood Glucose levels rise after administration of Promethazine alone and with Bupivacaine and achieved peak on 72 h post

administration and then declined. Serum Total Protein levels remain unaffected after administration of Promethazine alone

while along with Bupivacaine increase in total serum protein during different time interval with peak value recorded at 24 h post

administration. SGPT levels increased and reached peak at 12 h post administration after administration of Promethazine alone

and with combination with Bupivacaine. SAP values followed trends of SGPT and reached peak at 12 h post administration

and then declining gradually in both treatments. The Blood creatinine values increased gradually post administration in both

treatments and achieved peak at 48 h post administration and then declining gradually.

Keywords: Canines, Promethazine, Bupivacaine, Serum biochemistry

Bupivacaine Hydrochloride is 2-Piperidinecarboxamide,

obtain local analgesic effect was several orders higher than

1-butyl-N-(2,6-dimethylphenyl)-,

monohydrochloride,

that required to antagonize histamine. Therefore, sedative

monohydrate and is indicated for local anesthesia,

and analgesic effects of promethazine can be utilized to

including infiltration, nerve block, epidural, and intrathecal

obtain conduction block along with systemic sedative

anesthesia. Vickers et al. (1984) stated that bupivacaine

effect. The minimum systemic effects on cardiovascular

hydrochloride has longer duration of action of about

and pulmonary functions with the use of promethazine can

3.5 hours. Bupivacaine is having potency greater than

be the one fact which prompted for its epidural use.

mepivacaine and approximately 4 times more than that of

Various efforts, concentrating on epidural use of non-

lidocaine.

traditional drugs with traditional analgesics viz. Grubb

Promethazine

(10-(2-dimethylaminopropyl)

et al. (1992) with Xylazine and Singh et al. , (2001)

phenothiazine)

being

antihistaminic,

sedative

and

with Ketamine have been tried with advantages and

hypnotic has well documented local analgesic properties

disadvantages. It has been hypothesized that these drugs

via blockade of sodium channels. It has been suggested by

were able to reduce the central nervous system responses

Gilman et al., (1981) that H ₁ antagonist like promethazine

evoked by painful external stimulus.

possessed local analgesic activity and was more potent

Current study was aimed towards investigation on effects

than procaine. However, the concentration required to