Scheduled Castes (SC) and Scheduled Tribes (ST) are officially recognised by the Indian Constitution and given a separate status and protection, distinct from groups officially designated as minorities. Although the Constitution classifies SCs and STs in its Articles 341

and 342 and provides for special policies in the form of affirmative action/reservations for these categories in higher education, employment and political representation through its Articles 330, 332 and 334. The list of SCs and STs in each individual state varies across India and is also reflected in the recognition of tribes and castes designated as ‘poor’. According to Census (2001),

Increased production of non-paddy crops especially pulses and groundnut assume multidimensional significance in a state like Odisha, where the rice-based cropping system is increasingly proven nonsustainable; economically and environmentally. Increased production and productivity achieved through high resource use efficiency makes farming of these crops remunerative and enhances food and nutritional security. However, the growth pattern of area, yield and production of both the crops over the decades is highly inconsistent and unstable both for Odisha and India as measured through CAGR and Cuddy-Della Valle index. Cobb-Douglas production function reported allocative inefficiency of several key inputs for both groundnut and green gram. Technical efficiency as assessed through Frontier production function amply showed high production inefficiency prevalence. To revamp the production and productivity of these two major non-paddy crops, a systematic and well-coherent measure to be promoted targeting consistent and decent growth in area and productivity. Diffusion of technical know-how and targeted capacity development program can complement the efforts to make the production cost effective and profitable.

The present study was carried out in Fazilka district of Punjab. The aim of the study is to investigate farmers’ buying behaviour and factors affecting farmers’ buying behaviour towards agri-inputs. The primary data was collected with the help of pre-structure and a pre-tested schedule. The findings revealed that farmers buy agri inputs based on their own decisions. Purchase decisions, quality and advertisements are the important factors affecting farmers’ buying behaviour. Purchase behaviour, quality of the products, price and brand was found to be important factors for buying agricultural input. Farmers mostly buy agri inputs from the local market. Descriptive statistics like mean, percentage, t- test were used to achieve specific objectives of the study. Factor analysis was run for data reduction and to find out the important factors which affect farmers’ buying behaviour towards agri-input.

The study aims to evaluate the competitiveness of selected fruits and vegetables in India by using four revealed comparative advantage (RCA) indices from 2001 to 2019 based on International Trade Centre (INTRACEN) database. The results revealed that out of 25 selected fruits and vegetable products, only seven product groups namely onion fresh, cucumber & gherkin, dried vegetables, cooked or uncooked vegetables, cashewnut shelled, guava & mango and tamarind showed comparative advantage in all

the RCA indices. While other fruits and vegetables exhibited comparative disadvantage in a few RCA indices. To measure the consistency across different measures of RCAs, the study used three consistency tests, namely, cardinal, ordinal, and dichotomous tests. The findings indicate that the four indices exhibit greater consistency when measured as an ordinal scale, while showing less consistency when measured as cardinal or dichotomous scales. Moreover, stability of these indices was also revealed in the analysis.

The study also suggested specific strategies to boost fruits and vegetables products’ exports.

The present study was carried out to evaluate the extent of income diversification in Chumoukedima rural area of Nagaland State; aimed to access the sources and status of diversifications was highlighted. The present research investigation was carried out during the agricultural year 2020-22 with a total of 160 respondents was selected by following a multi-stage simple random stratified sampling technique. Study reveals that the overall average value of Simpson Index of diversification was 0.283 and more than 50.00 per cent of the rural households had “medium” level diversified livelihood. A multiple regression analysis had positive and significant effects on the extent of livelihood diversification.

Sugarcane (Saccharum sp.) is one of the most significant commercial crops in the world due to its strategic position, extensive uses in every nation’s everyday life, and industrial uses for sustaining economic and nutritional needs. The present study, an economic analysis of factors affecting sugarcane production and policy implications in major sugarcane-producing states of India, centers on the objective to analyse the variables influencing sugarcane production. A secondary time series data for 14 states namely: Uttar Pradesh, Maharashtra, Karnataka, Tamil Nadu, Bihar, Gujarat, Haryana, Punjab, Andhra Pradesh, Madhya Pradesh, Uttarakhand, Telangana, Chhattisgarh, and Jharkhand, for the period 1998-99 to 2018-19 have been utilized for the present study. The variables considered in this study were area, yield, rainfall, and price (FRP). The findings imply that there was a significant linear relationship between the area and sugarcane production. The linear association of yield with production was positive but weaker than the area. Rainfall and FRP (Fair and Remunerative Prices) had a weakly positive association with production,as observed there was the insensitivity of sugarcane production to FRP and rainfall thus, efforts should be made to increase price responsiveness by reducing the sugarcane cane reservation area.

The present study was carried out in Jammu region of Jammu and Kashmir State during the year 2017-2019. In this study, three forest ranges namely; Basantgarh, Dudu and Bani ranges were selected purposively because maximum Non Timber Forest Product (NTFP) activities were being carried under these ranges. From each forest range 50 NTFP collectors were selected through snowball sampling technique. In this way total sample of 150 collectors were selected as ultimate sampling units. And in comparison to this a matching sample of 150 non- collectors were also selected through random sampling procedure. The data was collected through personal interview with the help of interview schedule. The findings of this study reveal problems faced by the respondents in collection and marketing of NTFPs, lack of markets for NTFPs was the main constraint ranked first by the collectors in the study area followed by no proper weighting of material, harmful wild weeds and attack of wild animals. To overcome the challenges they have faced during collection and marketing of NTFPs, majority of the collectors (90%) suggested that training programme should be organized for skill development and processing units in villages, followed by license for collection (86.67%), proper market channels (83.33%) and the government should set the selling prices for various NTFPs (70%).

A good prediction of the exchange rate is crucial in the economy. Exchange rate variations highly affect the economy of a country. Over time, so many methods were adopted to predict exchange rates. In this work,data on crude oil consumption and exchange rate from 1992 to 2021 is analyzed. The causal relationship between the exchange rate of India with crude oil consumption of India is tested using the Granger Causality test. To predict the exchange rate of India a causal model is developed. The crude oil consumption of India is predicted for 2020 to 2040 using HoltWinters and ARIMA models. Since the forecast accuracy of the ARIMA model is found good so the ARIMA model is used to predict the crude oil consumption of India. Predicted values of the crude oil consumption of India for the years 2030 and 2040 are found 6.018 and 7.261 million barrels per day respectively. These values are used for the regression model to predict the exchange rate of India. So the exchange rate of India for 2030 and 2040 will be 82.57 and 96.33 US dollars respectively.

Using a simultaneous equation model, the present study attempts to empirically, investigate the interrelationship between human capital and innovation in Indian context. The study is conducted by taking all the 36 Indian states and Union territories into consideration from a regional perspective, focusing mainly on the quantification of the factors used. Since the simultaneous equation model is often subject to the problem of simultaneous bias and endogeneity, instrumental variable method using Two Stage Least Squares (2SLS) has been utilised to overcome the issue. In fact, the 2SLS provides the evidence of bidirectional spatial causality between human capital and innovation for Indian states, which holds significant policy implications for the country. Given a large demographic dividend in the form of highest working age population in the world, India could reap its benefits by promoting investments in the soft infrastructure such as health, education, and labour skills. This could help to boost its economic growth in the long run.

Because stakeholders are becoming more aware of environmental, social, and governance issues, businesses today should focus on sustainability as a goal in addition to maximizing profits. This study examined 294 companies listed on the ESG Bloomberg index for four years to see how Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) Disclosure affects firm value in 5 ASEAN countries (2018-2021). Tobin’s Q is the dependent variable, while ESG Disclosure is the independent variable. Profitability, leverage, company size, GDP, and COVID-19 were employed as the study’s control variables. Although measuring ESG subcomponents separately demonstrated that the relationship between environmental and social disclosure and Tobin’s Q and governance disclosure is favorable, negatively to Tobin’s Q. This study has certain limitations due to the small number of businesses with ESG scores.

This paper discusses poverty alleviation for the Empowerment of Scheduled Tribes in India. Poor education, health, and poverty are grave challenges for their development. The various policies and programmes of the governments towards reducing poverty have not resulted satisfactorily. Currently,tribal people continue to be poor, and malnourished in India. Hence this study is attempted. This paper

is based on secondary sources like volumes, articles, journals, and e- sources. The study reveals that the poverty ratio of STs is narrowing down in both rural and urban areas, but as compared it to the general population there is a widening gap. Hence to minimize this gap, Government should implement effective Poverty Alleviation Schemes at the grassroots and the NGOs should come forward to create awareness about Poverty Alleviation and employment creation schemes for the Empowerment of Scheduled Tribes in India.

Corporate social responsibility disclosure (CSRD) refers to the voluntary action of a company to disclose all about the sustainable development not only in financial performance but also related to the social and environmental performance that comply with the legal requirements. Thus, the purpose of this study is to assess the level of corporate social responsibility (CSR) disclosure of 43 construction companies listed in Bursa Malaysia and to examine the relationship of certain determinants; namely, the size of company,

profitability and leverage on the total CSR disclosed from the year 2017 to 2018. Content analysis based on total number of sentences is deployed to measure the CSR disclosure. A checklist consisting of 34 items was developed based on four categories: marketplace, workplace, environment and community. The data on CSR disclosure was gathered from annual reports while the determinants’ data were collected from Thomson Reuter’s data stream. The data was analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 25 on a sample of 43 Malaysia construction companies. Results indicate that the size of company and leverage were found to be positively associated with CSR disclosure. The profitability variable was found to be of no association with CSR disclosure. The findings of this study would benefit the companies, relevant authorities, policy makers and stakeholders in CSR practices.

This study aims to analyse the factors that may influence fraudulent financial reporting using the fraud hexagon model. The subjects of this study are the infrastructure sector companies listed on the stock exchanges of every ASEAN country for the period of 2019-2021. This study uses logistic regression with F-Score as the measurement for the dependent variable. The result of this study suggests that financial target, change in BOD, and CEO’s education affect fraudulent financial reporting. While financial stability, external pressure, e-procurement, electronic whistle blowing system, change in auditor, and CEO’s military or political connection do not affect fraudulent financial reporting. This study advances the knowledge of variables that may influence fraudulent financial reporting using a few new proxies for the fraud hexagon’s element, namely the e-procurement, electronic whistle blowing system, CEO’s education, and CEO’s military or political connection. The findings of this study have provided severalpractical implications for the company’s stakeholders to prevent fraudulent financial reporting. In the context of the fraud hexagon, this research is the first study to date that can show the significant and positive relationship between CEOs’ education and fraudulent financial reporting. The limitations of this study are the short observation period and the low R-square of the model.

This study investigates dynamic relationship of stock market valuation between ASEAN and financial center. Dynamic relations between stock market valuation reflects fundamental changes in stock that are driven by common global factors across markets. We model the relations in form of error correction model using two popular valuation proxies: Price to Earnings (PE) and Price to Book value (PB) with growth differential, inflation differential and global policy uncertainty index as the control variables. We estimate the model using the methodology developed by Kripfganz and Scheneider (2018) on a monthly dataset of 5 ASEAN countries and 4 financial centers between March 2010 to December 2021. We find positive and highly significant long-run relations and error correction mechanisms between ASEAN stock market valuation and those of financial center. The pattern is quite varied at country level perhaps

due to country specific characteristics.

The Industrial Revolution 4.0 has improved economic and societal well-being in Malaysia, and this has necessitated creativity and invention, which has resulted in the development of intellectual property. Intellectual property rights (IPR), which include patents, copyrights, designs rights, and trademarks, are largely responsible for providing incentives and protections for creative inventions. Yet, disputes between the parties at the time of IP registration and at a later stage still occur despite the intellectual property protection being in place. Hence, this study attempts to shed light on the numerous IPR activities taken by the Malaysian government, as well as on IPR challenges, their preventative measures, and actual infringement instances. Scopus, Web of Science, Science Direct, and Google Scholar were only a few of the databases that were examined to compile the literature on the subject from 2005 to 2021. This article contributes to the public’s knowledge and comprehension of intellectual property in Malaysian business, particularly in terms of its practices and difficulties.

Cybersecurity threats have successfully targeted financial institutions worldwide due to the increased connectivity of seamless and borderless financial services. Considering that criminals have employed more sophisticated methods to exploit the financial industry, financial institutions must adopt an integrated framework to counter the attacks and protect financial infrastructure from exploitation. The study examined cybersecurity governance by extending the Integrated System Theory (IST), including information technology (IT) governance and risk management (RM) governance. Questionnaires were distributed to Malaysian financial institutions through corporate social media platforms, email, and Google Form in November 2021. The questionnaire used a five-point Likert scale and comprised Section A which focused on the respondents’ demographic profile, while Section B emphasised the research construction. A total of 128 respondents participated within four weeks. Data obtained from the questionnaire was analysed for descriptive statistics, correlation, and regression analyses. Resultantly, IT governance and RM governance significantly and positively impacted cybersecurity governance. The study provides better insights to the practitioners, academicians, or researchers to identify which factors to be considered and emphasise before developing an integrated cybersecurity governance framework.

The lifestyles of people have changed as a result of the recent rapid advancements in information and communication technologies. These technologies’ digital tools and platforms have centred on the lives of individuals and have grown to be an integral component of people, especially young adults. The idea of digital citizenship is becoming more and more significant as people interact online. It is also recognized as a notion that aids educators and technology leaders in comprehending what students need to know in order to use technology responsibly. This study intends to determine student levels of digital citizenship and investigate factors affecting digital citizenship among Malaysian university students. Aquantitative technique was used, with 205 undergraduate students from a Malaysian public university as the subjects. The findings demonstrate that the sample has a high degree of digital citizenship and that students’ internet self-efficacy and attitudes toward the internet have a significant influence on their digital citizenship. The results of this study should be useful to educators and technology leaders in setting the right amount of assistance and direction to ensure that our future leaders can be active digital citizens. The study’s shortcomings are emphasized, and some suggestions for fostering digital citizenship among university students are made.

The importance of digitalization among Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) is undeniable, especially when the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) is also focusing on how to connect SMEs in Southeast Asia through digitalization. Many incentives have been provided by the government to encourage SMEs’ involvement in digital transformation such as grants and training for SMEs to adopt digitalization in daily operations; however, digitalization did not attract the participation

of all SMEs. As such, the issue of SMEs’ tendency to lag in technological adoption becomes the main concern of this study, since many SMEs are unable to internationalize digitally because they were not initially designed to scale that way. In addition, managing businesses using online platforms is also challenging, especially when higher costs are involved. Nonetheless, changing this situation by removing the barriers may help SMEs to build the resilience needed for future uncertainties. Therefore, this study

attempts to examine the relationship between technology acceptance and technology compliance costs toward business resilience among SMEs. A structured questionnaire was developed, validated, and distributed to SME owners via an online survey form from May 2021 to December 2021. A total of 215 SMEs completed the questionnaire and they were included in the data analysis, which was carried out using SPSS version 20. The findings showed that the two factors under technology acceptance, perceived usefulness and perceived ease of use, had a significant positive relationship with business resilience. In this regard, SMEs’ lack of new technology acceptance would have an adverse effect on their business performance. In addition, compliance costs were also found to have a positive and significant relationship with business resilience. Hence, SMEs’ investment in technology platforms and provision of employee training to use digital platforms will positively affect their business resilience. In view of the digitalization

of SMEs becoming an important national agenda, the findings of this study will further support and motivate SMEs to adopt the current technology and engage in digital transformation. Ultimately, the study justifies the policymakers’ urgent attention to actively encourage SMEs to transform their businesses before they are left behind.

It is shown that the problem of forming the policy of economic security requires study in connection with the need to improve the theory and practice of the formation of state economic policy, as well as the study of certain problems related to the peculiarities of the functioning of the mechanism for ensuring economic security. Modern economic policy, guided in most cases by the provisions of neoclassical economic theory, in particular the monetarist theory of state influence on the economy, is not always effective enough, and

state failures are becoming increasingly more frequent when various deviations of the actual conditions of economic development from classical models occur, which is especially obvious at present, with the increasing influence of the factor of geopolitics and geoeconomics on the economic security of states.

In the article, based on the analysis of the essential characteristics of digitalization, it is proposed to consider the concept of efficiency in relation to the activities of public authorities as a generalized and interconnected series of such concepts as economy, qualimetricity, and effectiveness. The efficiency of public administration, including economic efficiency, is considered as the implementation of management, during which the set goals are achieved (solving a certain socially significant problem, satisfying the interests of the population, maintaining digital competitiveness of region and country) while minimizing costs and observing the current standards of digital maturity. It is proposed to understand the assessment of the effectiveness of public administration as a set of methods for measuring actual indicators that reflect the results of the public authorities’ activities within the framework of the strategies, programs,

and projects being implemented in accordance with the criteria laid down in them, and in this case the assessment is seen as the direct result of such a measurement, which serves to compare the activities of public administration subjects, compare this activity with the declared goals, the results of past periods. The proposed leading and signal indicators can be used in planning and forecasting the level of digital development of regional socio-economic systems.

In the article, theoretical aspects of territorial organization of power are considered, as well as examples of practical implementation of appropriate concepts and approaches. Actual and potential pitfalls are considered, based on specific examples, in particular, on the example of gentrification in the United States. The main provisions of the most advanced methodological approaches to strategic planning of social and economic aspects of territorial development, as a function of territorial power, are systematized

The article represents a study of the objective foundations and specific forms of implementation of the social responsibility of business, associated with the need to determine the fundamental reasons for its functioning and development trends in the world community. The country (world region)-based analysis concludes that there are significant conceptual differences in the models of state participation in the formation and implementation of business efforts in the framework of socially responsible behavior. At the same time, the “unifying” role of voluntary CSR standards set out in the documents of the Global Reporting Initiative (GRI) is shown, which are intended for use by organizations regardless of size, industry, and location reporting prepared in accordance with these standards determines a positive

image of companies in the eyes of both government regulators and consumers and investors, and is a kind of tool for companies to compete, including on an international scale.

The impact of globalization extends to various aspects of a country’s development, including its economic, social, political, and technological dimensions. In turn, these dimensions play a crucial role in shaping the potential for economic growth. This article aims to evaluate the interdependencies among globalization, economic growth, and international business relations. The research methodology employed in this studyinvolves a statistical analysis of regional economic growth, focusing on the dynamics of GDP, trade indicators spanning the years 2000 to 2022, as well as the economic dimensions of the KOFGI Globalization Index, specifically trade and financial aspects. The findings of this study underscore the intricate nature of the interconnections and dependencies existing between globalization, economic growth, and international business relations. These interconnections are intricately linked to the exchange of technologies, knowledge, investments, and the rapid advancements observed in information and communication technology (ICT). The complex nature of these interconnections has a direct impact on the pace of economic growth and shapes the strategic policies pursued by countries in their pursuit of strengthened cooperation and the identification of new collaborative partners, thereby synergizing national resources. While the period from 2000 to 2015 witnessed notable integration processes, the subsequent years from 2016 to 2020 were marked by global processes of de-globalization. This reorganization stemmed from a decline in the dynamics of industrial production and was further exacerbated by trade conflicts between major players such as the United States and China. However, a shift has been observed in the years 2021-2022, where

the share of exports and imports of goods and services is projected to experience dynamic growth. In addition to the observed decline in globalization, there has been a notable deceleration in economic growth from 2016 to 2020. The presence of imbalances in international economic relations, particularly in terms of exports and imports, has contributed to disparities in globalization dimensions across various regions. North America is characterized by a dominant presence of de jure economic globalization, encompassing both trade-related aspects and de facto and de jure financial globalization. On the other hand, Europe and Central Asia exhibit a prevailing influence of de jure economic globalization, primarily in terms of trade, along with de facto financial globalization. Generally, from 2010 to 2020, there has been an upward trend in the level of de jure globalization. However, the

level of de facto trade globalization has experienced a decline during this period. Meanwhile, the level of de facto financial globalization has continued to grow.

The article is devoted to the study of the set of cause-and-effect relationships affecting the development of organizations at the global level. In a globalized world where organizations face complex challenges and opportunities, understanding these factors and their impact is critical to success. The paper provides a detailed analysis of various global factors, such as economic, socio-cultural, technological, and environmental, and establishes causal relationships between them and the development of organizations. The study finds that economic factors such as changes in global markets, trade agreements and currency fluctuations have a significant impact on the financial condition and strategies of organizations. Sociocultural factors such as changes in consumer habits, demographic trends, and cultural differences affect the market situation and the perception of organizations’ products and services. Environmental factors such as climate change, energy efficiency and environmental standards are becoming increasingly important for organizations, prompting them to pay attention to sustainable development. The article provides a detailed analysis of the development of large corporations and reveals key aspects that influence their success in a global context. The article also considers the importance of innovation and digital transformation for corporate development. It highlights the importance of implementing advanced technologies, effective use of data and analytics, and ensuring flexibility and responsiveness

to rapidly changing market conditions. In addition, the article highlights the importance of human resource management in a global context. The necessity of forming global teams, developing leadership and a culture of cooperation to ensure the success of corporations is analyzed. The model is based on the analysis of various global factors, such as economic, socio-cultural, technological, and environmental, and establishes connections between them and the development of the organization.

The article investigates the significance of leadership concerning the team’s innovation and creative potential. It provides an analysis of the essential elements of effective leadership in stimulating innovation and creative potential within a team. A comprehensive depiction of the contemporary perception of a leader’s role in teamwork is presented. Additionally, the model for team development and its various stages are described, alongside the manager’s creative approach in addressing intricate challenges associated with team development. Moreover, the discussion processes corresponding to each stage are identified. The research aims to elucidate the role of leadership in stimulating the innovation and creative potential of a team. The research employed various methods, including description, analysis and synthesis, comparison, and generalization, to facilitate the study’s objectives. The study explores the perception of the leader’s role and position within a team. It investigates an approach in which the

leader’s primary responsibility lies in preventing the team from encountering crises. The contemporary comprehension of the leader’s role in a team is established. Leadership is delineated as a collection of leader traits, and different types of leaders are characterized. Furthermore, the study determines the group’s perception of the leader. The concepts of leader and leadership are carefully analyzed, providing a comprehensive understanding of their implications. The components essential to effective leadership

in fostering innovation and unleashing the creative potential of a team are described. These components encompass various attributes such as creativity, innovation, motivation, emotionality, business acumen, and goal orientation. The article provides an analysis of the Team Development Model, examining its principal stages and elucidating the nature of leader-team discussions at each stage. Furthermore, potential justifications for employing a creative approach to address the prevailing issues are identified.

The interactions between the leader and the team are thoroughly explored, focusing on their dynamics and characteristics at each stage of the model. 

The research is focused on the problem of reforming public management in Ukraine. An analysis of the current state of reforming public management in Ukraine has been carried out. It has been substantiated that the reformation of public administration and local self-government should be carried out in accordance with European standards and democratic governance principles. The legal framework for reforming public administration and local self-government has been analyzed. It has been emphasized that the current state of development of Ukrainian legislation in this area requires a critical rethinking of the existing norms, overcoming contradictions and inconsistencies between them and indicates the need to adopt a number of new legislative acts. The analysis of the current state of reforming public management in Ukraine has shown that most public authorities have been formed in independent Ukraine; there were changes in organizing the work of the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine, central and local executive authorities, and the system of local self-government bodies; the processes of modernizing the public service are underway;

a number of positive steps have been taken towards reforming public administration and local selfgovernment, and the decentralization reform was actively implemented in 2014-2021. The necessity of further optimization of the central executive authorities’ system, modernization of the public service and human resource management, and completion of decentralization processes was emphasized. The main provisions of the Strategy for Public Administration Reform of Ukraine for 2022-2025 and the Concept for Reforming Local Self-Government and Territorial Organization of Power in Ukraine were analyzed, as well as other strategic and conceptual documents adopted in Ukraine for the purpose of implementing public management reform. The theoretical construction of a new model of public management based on European principles and standards has been substantiated. Strategic priorities for reforming public management in Ukraine in the context of European integration have been identified.

The article considers the importance of marketing research for the creation and successful implementation of effective strategies in the field of marketing. The problem lies in the need to understand the role of marketing research in the process of developing and implementing marketing strategies, as well as in determining their scientific and practical significance. This article uses an analytical approach based on scientific literature, which allows considering various aspects of marketing research. The authors analyze

research methods used in marketing, as well as the specificity of the object and subject of research. The object of research is marketing research, which is aimed at creating and implementing effective strategies in the field of marketing. The subject of the study is the methods and approaches used in marketing research, as well as their importance for the development of marketing strategies. The scientific novelty of the article is a detailed analysis of the methods and approaches used in marketing research of digital marketing, as well as the determination of their importance for the creation and implementation of effective marketing strategies. The authors of the article emphasize the importance of marketing research in the process of making informed decisions in order to achieve success in the market. The application of marketing research is an integral part of the process of creating and successfully implementing strategies in the field of marketing. Marketing research allows you to collect and analyze information about the market, consumers and competitors, which helps businesses understand their target audience and develop effective marketing strategies. The conclusions of the article emphasize the importance of marketing research as a means of achieving market success and developing effective marketing strategies. The studies provide practical recommendations for enterprises on the use of marketing research in their activities. They emphasize the importance of understanding consumers, developing a unique offer, using effective communication channels and other strategic approaches to achieve success in the field of marketing.

The theory of consumer behavior and the decision-making process has evolved, in part, due to numerous empirical studies by practitioners trying to explain the rational and irrational determinants of human choice. The article aims to analyze the influence of psychological factors on consumer behavior and decision-making. The study employs methods of analysis and synthesis to summarize information and research results on the influence of psychological factors on consumer behavior and their decision-making processes. A systematic literature review and meta-analysis were used to summarize the theoretical and

practical (empirical) scientific research findings from 1954-2019, which explain the psychological factors of consumer decision-making. The article proves the evolution of research on the vital role of psychological factors in consumer decision-making and their intuitive actions that shape behavior. Experimental studies confirm the irrationality and intuitiveness of persons’ decisions when choosing due to the peculiarities of human perception and thinking. As a result, there is a shift from the theory of rational behavior to the theory of bounded rationality to explain consumer behavior. The authors have identified the evolution of theories to explain decision-making: utility maximization, consumer expectations to intuitive thinking, satisfaction, and the consumer’s sense of value in decision-making. Decision-making’s emotional and intuitive components are increasingly becoming the research subject for psychologists and behavioral economists. They have formed the theory of prospects, where the value function reflects the losses and gains of the decision-maker (DM).

The article is devoted to the study of the system of personalized service in the field of hospitality as its competitive advantage in terms of quality in the conditions of functioning in the modern market. The specifics of competition and the transformation of consumer demand in the area under study are considered, and a positive impact of the service model on the efficiency on the business is highlighted. It is shown that the best results are achieved through a model of customer data personalization that is different from competitors and its use in a well-thought-out strategy. At the same time, an effective personalized service system requires continuous investment to maintain and grow valuable data, including with the use of AI and ML.

This article delves into the exploration of social media platforms as crucial components of brand marketing strategies. It characterizes the essence of social media platforms, emphasizing the significance of social networks within this context. The primary objectives of brand strategies, specifically those deployed on social media, are explicated. Contemporary brand strategies employed on social media platforms are elucidated. The study also scrutinizes the distinct features of brand marketing strategies utilized for positioning within social networks. This research aims to unveil the intricacies surrounding the utilization of social media platforms as pivotal elements within brand marketing strategies. The object of this study centers on social media platforms functioning as integral components of the virtual environment. The research employs various methodologies, including description, analysis, synthesis, comparison, generalization, and content analysis, to achieve comprehensive insights into the subject matter. This article focuses on the examination of social media platforms as vital elements within brand marketing strategies. To fulfill the objectives of this study, an exploration is conducted on the role of social media platforms in individuals’ lives, encompassing the essence of social networks and the positioning of brand promotion within their life cycle. Additionally, the article characterizes the business opportunities arising from the integration of social media platforms as components of marketing strategies. This paper provides an in-depth examination of the advantages and disadvantages associated with leveraging social media platforms for brand promotion. It defines contemporary strategies adopted by brands on social media platforms. Additionally, the research sheds light on the pivotal role of targeting within the realm of brand promotion.

The article presents a compelling argument that in the context of contemporary conditions, investments encompass the allocation of capital (in the form of values and resources) into various social and economic activities, provided that such activities comply with pertinent laws and legislative acts. These investments are made to generate economic benefits or produce positive social and environmental impacts. The author astutely observes that investments encompass a broader scope than solely capital investments, as they can pertain to both tangible and intangible assets (real investments) as well as financial instruments such as shares, bonds, and other securities. Capital investments, on the other hand, typically involve the allocation of funds. Notably, investments diverge from capital expenditures in terms of their investment objects. Capital investments align with investments in fixed assets, constituting a subset of capital-forming investments. It is important to recognize that the investment process encompasses more stages than

that of capital investments alone. Moreover, the inclusion of procedures related to the accumulation of funds through the issuance of shares, bonds, and securities further enhances the scope of investment considerations. Additionally, the process of distributing income among investors can be regarded as an additional aspect to be addressed. It is crucial to recognize that all the aforementioned points, parameters, and procedures necessitate the establishment of new relationships in administrative, organizational, legal, and psychological contexts. Therefore, studying these relationships within market conditions and on a novel socio-economic foundation emerges as a paramount objective for national science. to facilitate the development of investment programs. 

The banking sector plays a crucial role in the modern economy and serves as a significant catalyst for its development and stability. A well-functioning banking system is essential to ensure the effective functioning of other sectors of the economy, including support for businesses, households, and investors. However, the banking sector’s substantial importance and significance also make it particularly sensitive to various risks and uncertainties. First and foremost, financial instability in the banking sector can impact the overall economy. It can lead to downturns and crises. Such events emphasize the importance of studying and analyzing the risks associated with banking activities and developing effective mechanisms for their management. This article aims to investigate the stability of the banking sector and its interrelation with economic development. The authors analyzed the banking system’s key risks, such as credit, liquidity, market, and operational risks. In addition, they examined the impact of such factors as macroeconomic changes, regulatory measures, and innovations on the financial stability of banks. Furthermore, the effectiveness of different tools and methods to reduce the risks and ensure the banking sector’s stability is considered. The studies aim to increase the scientific understanding of the issues mentioned above and provide practical recommendations for making reasonable decisions in the sphere of banking policy. The research findings will be helpful for scholars, economists, financial institutions, regulators, and all stakeholders working in the field of financial stability and economic development.

It has been proven that the anti-crisis management program can determine the presence of three enterprise development systems that determine the choice of directions for anti-crisis management: “conditionally stable system,” in which passive anti-crisis management is sufficient, “system with the manifestation of crisis phenomena,” and “general crisis system,” which requires the application of active anti-crisis measures. The goals of enterprise anti-crisis management vary depending on the type of financial system of the enterprise. Thus, anti-crisis management under the conditionally stable system aims to diagnose the indicators of enterprise activity for timely detection of manifestations of crisis phenomena. In the system expressing crisis phenomena, anti-crisis management aims to localize detected crises, overcome their negative impact, and restore pre-crisis indicators. The goal of anti-crisis management under the general crisis system is to manage the enterprise in conditions of prolonged crisis (stagnation). Each model of anti-crisis management has corresponding stages, the implementation of which is aimed at minimizing the negative impact of crisis phenomena on the enterprise’s activity. The methods of anti-crisis management during the war have been systematized. The methods of anti-crisis management can be attributed to the entire set of methodological tools that include a complex of measures from pre-crisis diagnosis to methods of its elimination and overcoming. Based on the essential characteristics and the need to decide on applying anti-crisis methods at each stage of the enterprise’s life cycle, their consideration from the perspective of diagnostic and crisis management methods is envisaged. Based on the application of a methodological approach to the formation of the system of forecasting anti-crisis management measures at the enterprise, the use of an algorithm for anti-crisis management to choose the direction of anti-crisis management at enterprises (passive or active) has been proposed.

Digitalization is no longer an integral part of social relations at the stage of their development. It covers almost all areas of everyday life, and it is now impossible to do without it in some cases. Public finances are no exception since they are also undergoing significant changes in the new realities. The development of information technologies makes it possible to administer many processes in the field of public finance faster and more efficiently, including control over the accumulation and expenditure of funds. The academic paper defines the modern architecture of information systems used in the field of public finance; their general advantages are analyzed, such as: efficiency (speed), data compatibility, cost-effectiveness, convenience, transparency, consistency, reliability, and elimination of duplication. The architecture of information systems and technologies in the field of public finance in the EU and Ukraine is considered. The purpose of the academic paper is to define the structure of applying information technologies to modernize public and municipal financial management. The bibliographical research, both descriptive

and analytical, was the main research method. The conclusion has been made in the present scientific work that there is a need for further digitalization of the above-mentioned sphere in Ukraine. In particular, it is proposed to develop the concept of e-government by fully digitalizing society, ensuring transparency and openness, reporting to citizens for public funds, and implementing feedback from them. At the same time, it is necessary to continue involving citizens in public finance management through feedback, voting and platform solutions. The development of national public finance management systems based on adopting the EU standards through applying information technologies represents a potential area for further studies.

The long-lasting practice of wage gap against female labour forces in the Indian labour market has been dealt with in this paper by the help of building up a general equilibrium framework along with capturing the issue by econometric analysis. It is the women labour force associated with informal sector as casual labour who suffer the most from this problem. The recent statistics even show a falling trend of female labour force participation in these sectors also. Our study traces through the causes behind such wage discrimination and the possible ways of coming out of it. We have found that investment in female human capital development actually helps women to forego present employment opportunities in low-skilled, low-wage sectors, rather encourages the to be more productive and efficient by means of more human capital and enter the labour market in future with no such wage discrimination, in practice. Such trends, observed in India actually glorifies the success of several Government Policies, such as “Beti Bachao Beti Padhao”, implemented for female human capital development. Falling trend of female labour force in informal economy is actually enabling them to enter the formal economy at par with their male counterparts. Our theoretical findings have been supported by our econometric analysis based on the application of Oaxaca-Blinder model and PLFS unit level data of 2021-22. It suggests the higher women are educated as well as skilled, the lower is wage gap they face and more equal is the pay-structure even in the informal economy. Hence, it is the success of government policies directed for development of human capital in women that we have started to observe. The study strongly recommends implementation of many more such women-centric programme that would strengthen the women socially as well as ensure equality for them at the workplaces.

Digital Education is an interdisciplinary field of practice and advancement of technological applications in education and entire teaching-learning process. Digital Education is helpful in healthy and sophisticated educational operation as well as administration. It is important to note that ‘Digital Education’ and ‘Online Education’ is not the same but there is a misconception between these two, as Online Education is smaller than Digital Education and it convey not only Online Education but also ICT applications in Educational Management, E-Learning, etc. The ICT integration in Education Sector make Education field as technology-centric. In the last few years the Education Technology industry grown significantly, while it was started from a very low budget and during 2014-2019 the funding was about 88% with an investment of $1.8B. According to the expert in Digital Education two growing segments and area for funding are online certifications and also conducting the test. The Digital Education uses by different means user becomes doubled just in one year as per statistics. It has shown that in 2019 it was 45 Million whereas in the year 2020 the user base recoded as 90 Million in 2020. The continuous development of the Education Technology, growth and development helps in reaching Digital Economy and Knowledge Economy status in many countries. This paper highlights about the basic of Education Technology and its foundation and financial growth in India. Paper also depicts the basic issues and concern of Digital Education and EdTech and how finance and funding can be a worthy deal for advanced and sophisticated Education Technology practice.

A country’s comparative advantage in world trade may be affected by differential rates of change in production, factor accumulation or by other countries’ increased trade integration. The study of trade balance of agriculture sector would reveal that export always outstripped import, but what is distressing for agriculture import was that one commodity accounted for large proportion in import that commodity was edible oils. The export of any commodity in large quantities do not necessarily indicate that nation is competitive in the world market. The present study is an attempt to study the growth trend, variability, and the comparative advantage of major oilseeds export from India using revealed comparative advantage, trade specification coefficient, revealed symmetric comparative advantages and revealed competitive advantage indices. Growth trend analysis for export and import values indicates that, with the exception of export quantity of oilseed nes and import quantity and value of linseed, all showed a positive trend with high inter-annual variability over the period of the study. Following the TSC analysis, the value of export exceeded the value of import for all oilseed crops except linseed, and certain years of fluctuation were observed in the case of oilseed nes over the period of the study. The analysis of competitiveness of oilseeds export showed a favourable competitive scenario except in the case of linseed where in early 2000’s India was inefficient in export and for oilseed nes competitive advantage indices showed negative values for some years revealing lack of export competitiveness. 

The formation of capital through investment in agriculture helps build up the stock of capital assets and resources that enable the farmers to utilize their resources, particularly land and labour, more efficiently. The present study includes a total sample of 200 farm households consisting of marginal, small, medium, and large farmers from Dimapur District of Nagaland, selected through a three-stage stratified sampling technique for the year 2020-21. Using multiple regression technique assessed the factors that affect the capital investment at the farm level. The coefficient of determinant (R2) value reveals that the model as good fit. Many factors influence the formation of capital in agriculture, among which family income (in `), working members (in number), and cropping intensity (in %) have positive influence. Unlike popular studies, the operational holding (in acres) has shown negative influence. Further, the age and

education of the head of a family show no influence. There is a pressing need for fundamental change in the strategy to raise the resources and income of the farmer and accordingly accelerate the pace of capital formation in agriculture through targeting investment in irrigation, land development, and other infrastructure development.

Agricultural Technology Management Agency (ATMA) played a pivotal role in India’s agricultural sector by facilitating the integration of research, extension, and farmer activities. It aimed to decentralize the management of the public agricultural technology dissemination system, enhance linkages, and promote bottom-up decision-making processes for agricultural development. The research paper examines the role performance, role expectations and constraints of ATMA functionaries in Bihar. A total of sixty

five respondents were selecte randomly from sixteen districts of Bihar. The evaluation of ATMA functionaries’ performance and expectations revealed positive progress in their roles but identified areas for improvement. Prioritizing training programs, promoting gender inclusion, and strengthening personnel in animal science and fishery were recommended. Recognizing specialization, providing domain-specific training and upgrading technical knowledge were important. Addressing the gap between role expectations and performance, implementing a structured scale of pay and overcoming constraints such as staffing and financial issues were crucial. Enhancing extension and training programs, improving program planning and coordination, appointing specialized functionaries, promoting coordination, and improving communication and infrastructure were suggested measures to strengthen the ATMA system and to deliver effective extension services. These efforts would empower extension personnel to meet evolving agricultural needs, provide tailored solutions, and contribute to sustainable agricultural development.

With the proposal and continuous updating of sustainable development concept in China, actively assuming social responsibility by enterprises has become a direct manifestation of the progress of the times. While operating and developing, food enterprises should not only focus on their own profits, but also fulfill their social responsibilities. The article analyzes the causes of food safety issues that have emerged in the Chinese food industry, and proposes to focus on improving the skills and qualities of enterprise employees, constructing a policy system for food safety supervision and management, in order to provide beneficial insights for promoting sustainable development of enterprises. At the same time, using a combination of theoretical and empirical analysis methods, this study explores the impact of sustainable development responsibilities on financial performance of enterprises, providing strong

support for enterprises to actively disclosure their Corporate Sustainability Reporting, and promoting listed companies in the food industry to attach importance to future sustainable development.

With the development of the economy and society, enterprises are no longer just profit organizations. They need to meet the demands of people to fulfill their social responsibilities. The development of Corporate Social Responsibility in China has only been more than a decade, and it is still in the initial exploration stage. Most companies initially adopted a wait-and-see attitude towards it. This article will take the perspective of listed internet companies in China and construct a social responsibility evaluation index system to empirically analyze the relationship between social responsibility and financial performance of internet-based companies. It will explore whether the cost of Corporate Social Responsibility will have a negative impact on their economic benefits. Based on this, it will help internet-based companies correctly understand the important position of social responsibility in their management system and enhance their awareness of actively taking social responsibility.

The aim of this paper is to identify the inner factors of women entrepreneurs during and after the economic turbulence to ensure their business sustainability. Hence, this paper highlighted the inner strength which are resilience (R), and internal locus of control (ILC) of women entrepreneurs during and after economic turbulence. Three hundred and ninety-eight of the 1,000 randomly distributed surveys to Peninsular Malaysian women business owners were returned. The reliability analysis shows that Cronbach’s Alpha

scores for all four inner factors were more than 0.70. Correlation analyses were performed to investigate the relationship of those factors. The findings indicate that there are significant and direct relationships between resilience and internal locus of control during and after economic turbulence.