Doctoral degree candidates struggle to successfully complete their degree program. The problem is that doctoral students are able to successfully complete their coursework, but not the research study that is necessary to earn their doctorate degree. Adequate support is needed to assist the doctoral candidate with attaining their goal of degree completion. Data for this study identified strategies and created a potential model for mentorship. The theoretical framework included Kram’s theory of mentorship and Knowle’s theory of Andragogy. The research question and hypothesis addressed the personal experiences of doctoral candidates as it relates to their relationship with their doctoral mentors. This quantitative correlational research study used a Likert-type scale. The data resulted in a proposed model for the successful relationship between the candidate and chair. Conducting this research aided in developing

a model of support that the chair and candidate can use to create a process for working to develop the dissertation. This study can impact society by providing a model of support for partnerships in education and other industries as well.

The teaching profession is characterized by high levels of stress that significantly impact teachers’ health, job satisfaction, and overall performance. This paper explores the prevalence and root causes of stress among school teachers, with a focus on workload, administrative demands, classroom management, and external pressures such as standardized testing. Through a mixed-method approach, including a survey and qualitative interviews, the research highlights the emotional, psychological, and physical

responses of teachers to these stressors. Key findings reveal that younger teachers and female educators experience higher stress levels, while heavy workloads and disruptive student behaviour are identified as primary stressors. The paper emphasizes the need for effective stress management strategies and robust institutional support systems, including stress reduction programs, enhanced mentorship and peer support networks, and streamlined administrative processes. By implementing these recommendations,

educational institutions can create a healthier, more supportive environment for teachers, ultimately benefiting both educators and students. This study identifies that prioritizing teacher well-being is critical for fostering an effective educational ecosystem that promotes sustained success for all stakeholders.

The bathroom has become a feel-good space within the home. Also its design and planning is more influenced by technical considerations and products. Present research work tries to build an multi-objective optimization model incorporating multiple conflicting / non conflicting objectives such as: Optimizing available space; Improving accessibility and convenience; Enhancing the overall aesthetic appeal and Boost home’s resale value. The problem may be solved using standard mathematical programming technique.

In case of infeasible solution, Preemptive goal programming technique could be used if different priorities are to be allotted to the objectives and certain factors. In case of equal importance, Archimedean goal programming approach could be used.

The largest democracy in the world, India, struggles with its minorities’ under representation in political offices. The level of deprivation of Muslims in the legislative bodies ranges from 20 to 50 per cent. Similar circumstances exist in local government units like municipalities and panchayats. Factors like caste, religion, money, and physical strength all have a significant impact on Indian politics, which leads to the under representation of marginalized groups like minorities, SCs, STs, and BCs. Nonetheless, SCs and STs were

able to obtain appropriate representation in the Parliament, State Assemblies, and local bodies as a result of the government’s affirmative action policies, which included reservations in elected entities. In the same way, seat reservations helped the Backward Classes in the local bodies. Without an affirmative action strategy like this, minorities, including Muslims are glaringly underrepresented in local government bodies as well as in state and federal legislatures. Based on field data, the current study examines how Muslim minorities are represented in the Rayalaseema region of Andhra Pradesh’s Urban Local Bodies.

Background: There have been limited studies which investigate the dynamic relationship between defence expenditure and economic growth. The purpose of the present paper is to attempt to investigate the linkage between defence expenditure and economic growth in Bharat. Methodology: The study is based on annual data spans over the period 1981 to 2019. Standard econometric tools like the Unit root test, Auto-Regressive distributed lag model have been used to analyze the data and to draw inferences.

Findings: The study finds that defence expenditure and economic growth are interlinked in Bharat. It is pragmatics that defence expenditure affects economic growth positively in the short-run as well in the long run. Moreover, Granger causality outcomes revealed that there is a one-way inter-linked between defence spending and economic activities.

The development and teaching of study skills are critical for the academic success of distance learners, particularly Bachelor of Education (B.Ed.) students. As these learners navigate self-directed environments, mastering essential skills such as time management, active reading, note-taking, and stress management is vital. This article explores the significance of study skills for distance learners and proposes a comprehensive framework for teaching these skills, integrating both traditional methods and digital

tools. Strategies such as creating effective study plans, employing structured note-taking techniques, and utilizing digital platforms like Google Calendar, Evernote, and Anki are discussed in detail. The role of stress management in enhancing academic performance is also highlighted, with mindfulness practices offered by apps such as Headspace. By adopting these techniques, educators can not only boost the academic success of distance learners but also equip future teachers with the ability to pass

on these skills to their students. This discussion emphasises the importance of self-regulated learning in fostering autonomy and lifelong learning, particularly in distance education, where learners must take responsibility for their own progress. Additionally, the dual benefit of teaching study skills to future teachers is examined, as they will eventually impart these strategies to their students. The paper concludes by suggesting that further research is needed to explore the long-term impacts of these approaches on academic success and teaching efficacy, particularly as digital tools continue to evolve.

This study explores evolving trends in assessing in-service teacher education programs, focusing on Odisha, India. It addresses three key questions: employed research designs in the in service training program, the effectiveness of quantitative and qualitative data collection tools, and the analytical techniques that best identify patterns in data for actionable insights. Using a meta-synthesis methodology, the research systematically selected studies through a two-stage review process, ensuring robustness and

generalizability. The findings reveal a significant shift from traditional to more sophisticated assessment techniques, highlighting a need for advanced, context-sensitive evaluations in Odisha. Current practices often rely on basic surveys and observations, which may not fully capture the complexities of teacher development. The study advocates for integrating digital tools and continuous formative assessments to enhance program effectiveness. Additionally, the use of various analytical techniques, such as

longitudinal studies and mixed-methods approaches, is emphasized for deeper insights into professional development outcomes. The research concludes that a multifaceted, flexible approach to assessment, involving standardization of evaluation frameworks, stakeholder involvement, and alignment with broader educational goals, is crucial for the success of in-service teacher education programs. This approach promises sustained improvements in teaching practices and student outcomes, offering valuable

contributions to the discourse on best practices in teacher professional development, particularly in developing regions like Odisha.

School Management Committee (SMC) occupied a vital position in ensuring quality education for the overall development of elementary schools. In Present elementary education system, the School Management Committees (SMC) is support to teachers to smoothly functioning the school for empowering the school in following aspect such as Academic performance of children, quality of education and ensuring the proper utilization of grants for bringing quality education withing the school. This research

article defines and explains how a School Management Committee (SMC) play significant role in tribal areas elementary schools for quality education in one of the State of Odisha. The investigator adopted descriptive study design. The study was conducted in Kalahandi District of Odisha. Further the present study is helpful for exploring the role and functioning of SMC in tribal areas in different intervention strategies, the study has also helpful for identifying the awareness level of SMC members regarding their roles and responsibilities in promoting Universalization of Elementary Education, However, the study identified the problem behind the SMCs members and different steps have been taken to solved the different problems faced by the SMCs members towards the achievement of UEE