In this era of technological advancement higher education has a very important role to play. Higher education in India is going through an important transition. After the adoption of new economic policy in 1991 there are many changes happen in the political and economic set up of the country which has its impact on the education sector also. This post reform period has put the state back and pushes the private sector in the field of education especially in the higher education. There is huge expansion of higher education institutions since last two decades which are mainly due to private institutions and deals with the professional and technical education. The high cost of education in these private educational institutions is a major concern to the access and equity in higher education. This leads to many disparities like regional disparities, gender disparities and inter-state disparities to access higher education. This paper is based on the secondary data collected from the All India Survey of Higher Education Report. The first part of the paper deals with the expansion of higher education in terms of institutions and enrollment which highlights how the privatization and commercialization have lead to the expansion of higher education institutions. The second part of the paper deals with the impact of privatization on higher education which highlights how this huge expansion leads to exclusion due to high cost of education and also discuss the threats of privatization in higher education in terms of various disparities related with region, gender etc.

This study was aimed to pursue the avenue of influence of the media in inciting violence and other such negative emotions and their impact on the realm of education. This study was directed at one hundred and thirty student participants of different age groups, natives, and fields of study. All the students assessed, gave anonymous data with consent. The questionnaire was self-developed, approved by professors, and scores were indexed to percentage value. The findings of the study revealed that media did incite fear and violence through their content and hampered the emotional balance and educational experience of students with the same. The study also concluded that a governing body must be formulated to check content provided by the media.

The present study was conducted to find out the role of classroom environment and self-concept in the academic achievement of boys and girls in Malayalam medium secondary schools. The sample for the study was collected from various schools of Kozhikode district in the state of Kerala. Sample consists of 300 secondary school students of which 162 are boys and 138 are girls. Different standardized tools were used to measure the classroom environment and parental involvement; and the score of the annual examination was taken as the indicator of academic achievement. Mean standard deviation, t-test, z-test and stepwise regression analysis were used for analyzing data. The study revealed that both the variables significantly predict the academic achievement of boys and girls. Classroom environment is the highest predictor for both the groups and self-concept follows it in the prediction.

There are some common factors in the higher education system in India. Higher educational institutions in India are controlled and regulated by the Government. However, many major problems exist in the country such as high population growth, poverty, lack of funding, others economical and political parameters. In view of this, the paper studies the historicity of higher education in India. The paper finds that the present system of higher education of India has been growing rapidly after independence but as less comparative with western as well as neighbouring countries because status of Indians decides on the basis of economic and political parameters rather than education.

The surge of COVID-19 pandemic has put education sector to a new phase of online mode of teaching and learning. The sudden shift from traditional mode of teaching and learning has put forth both problems and challenges in front of all stakeholders. In this crucial situation, the present study aimed to examine the perception and problems faced by the secondary school teachers of Ranchi district of Jharkhand state, India. Survey method was adopted to carry out the study and self-developed questionnaire wasused to capture data. Secondary school teachers of Ranchi district were considered as population and 28 teachers from five secondary schools of Ranchi district were selected as sample randomly. The study found that 79% teachers opted for offline classes over online classes, 36% teachers found their home environment not much suitable, 39% found that not much interaction could happen during online classes, 54% teachers were spending 1-3 hours in online classes, 50% teachers felt that sometimes it takes great effort for teachers to explain simple concepts/chapters in the online class, 50% teachers were feeling that sometimes it is difficult to complete the syllabus due to online studies, 47% teachers found online teaching during pandemic is slightly stressful, 39% teachers found it little difficult sometimes to connect with individual students through online teaching, 75% teachers felt that they faced difficulties in delivering lesson in online class and 32% teachers always felt uneasy due to too much use of mobile phone/laptop/tablet. It concludes with highlighting the support from government, parents, institutions, teachers and educationists required to make online learning more accessible and effective.

Housing, drinking water, electricity and sanitation are important basic needs of human for a dignified living in modern era. Development and implementation of these provisions plays not only vital role for the socio-economic betterment but also secure them from important public health, pollution and security  problems in tribes especially women. Tribes residing in eastern U. P. are still very poor in possession of these facilities in spite of the Government’s commitments to improve their backward status through special constitutional provision. Present article analyzes the housing, drinking water, electricity and sanitation facilities available to Scheduled Tribes in eastern U.P. and explores possible strategies for improvement. Most of ST families still live in jhuggis (43.9 per cent), only 27.12 per cent have both tap water supplies and electricity, mostly (92.15 per cent) use hand pump for drinking water out of home, 77.4 per cent of STs do not have latrine facility inside the premises and unsatisfactory sanitation in surrounding.

Since the Global Recession which originated in US and, had its impact on the countries across globe including India, there is a growing tendency of the governments to cut back public expenditure. This phenomenon is referred to as “shrinking state”. The present paper discusses the trends in the public expenditure on education at various educational levels. It tries to determine the link between expenditure on education by the States and Centre and their respective GDP. The findings of the paper suggests that there is a negative correlation between the expenditure on education by the State and the respective state gross domestic product (SGDP) at nominal price whereas in case of gross domestic product (GDP) and total expenditure on education in India there is no such relationship. Moreover, the total budgetary provision on expenditure on education is declining although the total budgetary outlay of the Union Government is increasing in absolute terms.

Prior to the upsurge of COVID-19 pandemic, the online teaching-learning resources were considered as additional e-learning aids that could enrich the teaching-learning experiences of the students as well as of teachers. However, the outbreak of COVID-19 pandemic has made online mode of teaching-learning an indispensable unit of education system. Globally the academic community has adopted online mode of learning for ensuring continued educational services during COVID-19. Despite numerous possibilities offered by online mode, the adoption of this method was not much smooth as many of the educational stakeholders were not much prepared for intricacies of the process due to which they faced many unforeseen challenges. In the light of the above changes witnessed by education system during COVID-19 pandemic, this paper predominantly highlights the challenges faced by students in continuing and acquiring education through online mode of teaching-learning. The challenges discussed in the present paper consider online teaching-learning process as a temporary solution instead of a substitute to conventional classroom scenario. Furthermore, considering online learning solutions as an indispensable and irreplaceable unit of the present teaching-learning scenario, the present paper is an effort to put forward some suggestions for overcoming the barriers to online mode of teaching- learning.

Teachers are known to be intellectual individuals who continue to teach students in classrooms and have an influence that extends beyond the periphery of classroom space. Leadership is one of the desired qualities of a teacher and the Principal is portrayed as the school leader. Hence, it is imperative to understand the conception of ‘leadership’ among the school principals. This research study aims to explore the issues and challenges of school leadership among the principals of Government High Schools (GHS) under the RMSA scheme (which is now an integrated part of Samagra Shiksha Abhiyan) in Eastern U.P. The rural areas like Eastern U.P. tend to have the scope of improvement in secondary education and schemes like RMSA promote the access, equity and quality of secondary education. Yet, the quality secondary education in Eastern U.P. is affected by various factors and the conception of leadership of principals plays a significant role in quality attainment of secondary education. The research is qualitative in nature. The purposive sampling was opted. Observations of schools and online consultative meetings held with the principals and teachers of GHS of Eastern U.P. Narrative analysis has been done. Findings suggest they faced

challenges due to lack of human and material resources which led to adopting different leadership styles. It was concluded that there is a gap which exists between the ideal conception of leadership qualities and ground realities in the context of Eastern U.P. as the principals were not able to access the required resources which also affect their personal-social interaction towards the goal of holistic development.