Democracy and peace are mutually dependent indivisible concepts. In order to advance peace in society, its underlying democratic institutions need to be strengthened. This entails to build just societies in which resources are equally shared which will reduce conflicts in society. Democratic states are peaceful internally as well as in their relations with other states. Culture of democracy through which human rights are protected is required to maintain internal and international peace. Democratic institutional growth has been broadly considered a key factor in successful Peace-building process. Peaceful international environments according to some scholars permit democracy to emerge and conflict ridden environment obstruct democracy to function. So democracy and peace are interdependently linked.

This study aims to investigate the relationship of Self-efficacy and Mental Health among primary school teachers based on their gender (male and female), marital status (married and unmarried) and type of institution/locale (urban and rural). The sample comprised of 104 primary school teachers, among them there were 53 male teachers and 51 female teachers, 46 were married teachers and 58 were unmarried teachers, 47 teachers were from rural areas and 57 were from urban areas at primary school level. Teachers were asked to complete the Teacher Self-efficacy scale and Teacher Mental Health scale. The mean scores of the collected data were compared through t-test and Pearson correlation was also used to analyze the data. The results revealed that there is no significant difference between mean scores of Self-efficacy and Mental Health of primary school teachers on the basis of their gender and type of their institution but on the basis of their marital status there is a significant difference in the mean scores of Self-efficacy of married and unmarried primary school teachers where as the mean scores of Mental Health of married and unmarried primary school teachers have no significant difference. Further the result of Pearson correlation shows that there is no significant relationship between Self-efficacy and Mental Health of primary school teachers.

The purpose of this study is to examine the influence of social intelligence on modernization among undergraduate college students of Jammu and Kashmir. Sample of the present study depend upon the 100 undergraduate students (50 male students and 50 females students) of Government Degree College Mendhar of Jammu and Kashmir. The data were collected through survey method under descriptive type with the help of standardized tool namely, social intelligence scale by Raghavendra S. Singh, A. N. Tripathi & Ramjee Lal (2005) and modernization scale by Mathur (2007). The data were collected from undergraduate students of government degree college Mendhar in Jammu region. In order to evaluate and interpret the data for the study, The investigator used the Average Mean, standard deviations, ’t’ test and product moment correlation for statistical analysis. Finding of the study show that a significant positive correlation between social intelligence and modernization of undergraduate students of Mendhar and found that a significant difference of social intelligence and modernization among UG college students of Jammu and Kashmir.

Indian society, being male-dominated, suffers from a significant and repeated crime, that is, domestic violence against women. It is deemed socially acceptable, thereby increasing risks and threats towards them. Women are at particular risk of victimization and face more injustices due to lack of educational opportunities, low socio-economic status, gender disparity and patriarchal family structure. There are various provisions in the constitution and innumerable legislation that protect and empower women, but injustice still prevails due to execution failure and inability of this section to grasp appropriate measures of protection. The present study is conducted to understand the factors and conditions under which violence against women occurs and the laws and support available to victims in India by analyzing the previous research, reports and studies on related issues. This paper may help communicate and bring awareness among people on gender rights and issues so that women can lead fear-free, dignified, and safe lives.

Constructivism is an approach of teaching-learning to possess higher order thinking among learners. The main characteristic of constructivist learning is learners have their own choice to represent their thought and experiences to acquire new knowledge. It is a philosophy of construction of knowledge. Constructive learning provide a direction to both teacher and learners to reconstruct knowledge through active engagement in school activities. Constructivism is a theory which constructs learner’s new knowledge and understanding. It assimilates the existing knowledge to new one. Jean Piaget’s theory of cognitive development supports the constructivist theory. In constructive learning teacher acts as a facilitator and provide learning opportunities to construct knowledge based on learner’s prior experiences. Teacher develops skills to strengthen students’ potency and make them competent to learn new thing. 5Es model of constructive learning helps learners to learn collaboratively, actively and provide direction to solve problems in group.

Psychological well-being is a major milestone in the developmental process of Adolescence. The ability to adapt to the changing environment and develop a sense of mastery is an important element of the emotional and psychological framework of an individual. One should be able to understand, control, modify, and manipulate various personal and environmental events for own benefit. This study attempts to prove the relationship between counseling and a sense of environmental mastery among school-going students. A range of studies across age, gender, and mental issues was studied for literature review. The sample of 300 students of class 10th was selected by the random sampling method. For data collection, a self-developed questionnaire on emotional well-being was developed on the theoretical ground of Ryff’s scale on psychological well-being. Paired t-test was used to find the impact of Counselling on the environmental mastery aspect of students’ well-being and results showed that there is a significant role of counseling at p>0.5 level of significance. Therefore, this could be concluded that a school that provides Counseling, and an overall good environment, nurture children to be resilient to adversities and have better environmental mastery.

Expansion of higher education in terms of proliferation of Massive Open Online Courses seems an adequate alternative for higher education specially for those who are aspirant for it and are devoid of higher education due to one or the other reason. In last few years enrollment in MOOCs had a tremendous rise and are on hype specifically in India. After USA, India is at second rank in terms of enrollment in MOOCs. Recently Indian Government has launched many digital initiatives to support online education. The present research paper reflects the necessary readiness of Indian Higher education system by taking into account Teacher’s Readiness, Students Readiness and Institutional readiness or preparedness. Teacher’s readiness was studied from the aspects of awareness, attitude and aptitude for ICT based teaching and MOOCs. Student’s readiness was studied from the aspects of availability of hardware and software, Teacher facilitation etc. Institutional Readiness was studied from the aspects of availability of access devices and connectivity, Policies and internal functionaries for supporting online education. Data was collected from sample comprising of 500 teachers of higher education, 500 students of higher education and from 50 institutes of higher education in India by the use of three different questionnaires sent by google form specifically to study Teacher’s readiness, Student’s readiness and institutional readiness. After data analysis, the findings related to Teachers readiness reflected that more than half of the teachers are having positive attitude towards ICT based pedagogy and MOOCs and considers it advantageous for their professional enhancement and from learning perspective of students. A significant number of teachers mentioned about the need of training programs to enable them to develop MOOCs. Student’s readiness was also on the favorable side in terms of availability of access devices and internet connection. Students also exhibited positive attitude towards ICT based Pedagogy and MOOCs. Institutional readiness reflected that more then half of the institutions have availability in terms of access devices and connectivity. Policies and institutional mechanism is also supportive towards ICT based pedagogy and MOOCs. Although Institutional rewards and incentives are needed for teachers who are using ICT based teaching and MOOCs.

The Corona Virus Disease (COVID-19) pandemic has caused massive disturbances in the lives of everyone. This study was set out to explore the severity of mental health in terms of Depression, Anxiety and Stress among undergraduate population in India during the second wave of COVID-19 lockdown. A cross sectional survey was adopted through an online survey from a sample of 1,719 students in India. Vaccination status and Demographic variables (gender, age, locale, religion and stream of study) of respondents were also deliberated. It was reported that depression was prevailing highest among symptoms of mental health, followed by stress symptoms and then anxiety. The results suggest unfavourable impacts of lockdown on mental health.

Education is equally important for human survival such as the availability of fine food, drinking water and affordable living spaces. The notion of the virtual classroom is an innovative and techno-oriented approach for learners’ progress and assessment. The findings of this study indicate that an egregious shift of traditional classes has insisted to installed cohesive interventions and concrete policy attention to designing the contours of future strategies and their speedy implementation. Evocative, digital divide deployed as a long-term grueling assignment and other causes of inequality in the online learning process including class and gender. Finally, it can be stated that a multi-pronged planning is needed to address the plethora of challenges associated with online teaching-learning in Indian schools.