The primary objective of this research work is to study the thermal behavior of untreated and alkali treated pineapple leaf (PALF) and coconut husk fibers (COIR). In this context, firstly the cellulosic fibers were treated with an alkali solution of various concentration (2%, 4%, 6%, 8%, and 10 wt%) then secondly the change in their surface chemistry and thermal stability were investigated by means of a Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and Thermogravimetric analysis technique (TGA) respectively. A significant variation in the chemical composition of cellulosic fibers was observed after an alkaline treatment. Changes in the peak at 1745, 1525, and 1250 cm-1 in FTIR spectra corresponds to the partial removal of hemicellulose and lignin components. The thermal degradation of lignocellulosic fibers consists of two major steps i.e. moisture loss (below 150°C) and the decomposition of hemicellulose, cellulose, and lignin components (between 150°C to 400°C). An alkali treatment increases the thermal stability of pineapple leaf and coir fibers through physical and chemical changes. It was observed that the 4 wt% NaOH treated PALF and COIR fibers possess higher thermal stability as compared to other treated and untreated fibers. PALF exhibits a higher rate of decomposition than the COIR fiber but its main decomposition peak lies at a higher temperature of about 400C.

Globalization has made the world so interwoven and interlocked that all social institutions have to be inevitably open to the global networks and flows of wealth, power, and information. Moreover, since the values and lifestyles of the developing countries are the focus of the globalization waves, these waves pound the cultures of these countries in the first place. In fact, globalization has posed numerous challenges to the autonomy of the developing countries. Hence, cultural independence can function as a strong barrier to globalization. Moreover, globalization provides all countries with proper opportunities, and various cultures can grow through mutual interactions and cultural synergies when time and space are downscaled and geographical boundaries are overstepped. Therefore, analyzing the globalization-induced challenges and opportunities of cultural independence with regard to the remarks of the Islamic Republic of Iran’s founder was the aim of this research. The descriptive-analytical approach was adopted to answer the question about the globalization-driven opportunities and challenges of cultural independence on Parsons’ structural functionalism. The research findings suggested that culture is a dominant system according to Parsons, while the Islamic Republic’s founder believed in the determining role of culture. Globalization targets a country’s cultural independence as a challenge and sets the scene for cultural interactions and synergies as an opportunity.

In this article an effort has been made for a stochastic model of intrinsic rate of human population growth of India and studied when the couples at the personal level decide whether to continue child bearing or not is made on the basis of desired number of male Childs. The aim of developing such a model of intrinsic rate of population growth in terms of bio-social parameters is to study the growth rate of ultimate stable population implied when couples adopt family building process based on desired number of living male child. The departure of the proposed formulation from traditional approach makes it more realistic and relevant from the point of view of bio-social parameters shaping human reproduction. In terms of long run nature of growth rate of population. This model explains the sensitiveness of the biosocial parameters such as female’s age at marriage time, survival chance of mother, spacing between births etc. It will also help to stimulate the consequences of alternating bio-social parameters shaping human reproduction

The 3D image gives the experience of the invisible dimension of the 2D image. Many researchers work for a display that projects 3D images in a way that makes them visible from all angles and does not require extra accessories. In this paper, we propose an algorithm to construct a 3D image form a 2D image. In which two major techniques are utilized namely segmentation and displacement map. Segmentation technique is used to classify foreground and background objects which plays an important role in 3D imaging. Our focus is only on the foreground of an image because that relates and enhances the overall composition of an image. Displacement map technique is used for constructing the 3D perception of foreground object that will mimic the quality predictions of 3D perception.

Form of child labour for many decades is one of Dakshin Dinajpur’s greatest problems. Many campaigns against child labour are organized by the Government and NGOs. However, because of the many socioeconomic conditions of Dakshin Dinajpur they were unable to achieve their goal. In order to estimate the number of children’s work and situations, a General Survey 2016 (GS16) was conducted privately. In this research area we try to establish a methodology to determine child labour rates and scholastic retardation in Dakshin Dinajpur.

Tea cultivation occupies a place of pride in the Darjeeling hills. The development of the district has been driven by the growth of the tea industry. Nevertheless, this industry is presently in the grip of a mounting crisis. The Darjeeling tea industry has been passing through a period of stagnation. The existing tea estates experience frequent labour conflicts, and some have been locked out for considerable periods. As the tea workers are dependent solely on their wage earnings, the sufferings of workers have increased driving some of them even to suicide. This gives us a clear picture about the grim situation that confronts workers in the Darjeeling tea estates. The dimension of the structural readjustment that is needed within the tea industry to cope with them needs to be analysed immediately in protecting the rights of plantation workers and in equipping them for work and struggle through new livelihood strategies. Hence, the empirical study on the socio-economic conditions of the workers on the tea plantations would help us to understand their problems, while protecting their interests and provide an immediate help to seek better lookout for the condition of tea plantation workers in the hills before their inefficiency may turn into stagnation of the Tea Industry in Darjeeling.

Raiganj University is a State Government University located at Raiganj, West Bengal. It was established in the year 2015 as a unitary university. Initially the university started with Under-Graduate and Post-Graduate Program and then it has started its Research program leading to MPhil and PhD programs in different branches of Arts, Science, and Commerce. At present the University holds 22 PG Departments and out of which total 17 Departments have started MPhil & PhD programs. The university was initiated tagged as a college under the University of North Bengal, WB. The initial development of Raiganj University is noticeable; in the year of establishment itself i.e. 2015 the University started total 10 PhD programs. Then since 2016 the number of subject has been enhanced and thereafter MPhil program also been started. Apart from the research degrees i.e. MPhil and PhD, the university also started higher degrees leading to the D.Sc. and D.Litt. Moreover the university after its establishment within a specific timeframe have done good job in terms of productive research output leading to research papers, policy papers, review papers etc. Importantly the output of the degree within a specific time is noticeable and eye catching. This paper highlightes the emerging areas and research scenario of Raiganj University. It explores the areas, topic, department and faculty wise status in terms of research and development.