Social Policy entails the study of the social relations necessary for human wellbeing and the systems by which wellbeing may be promoted. The social policies to which societies give birth may be understood as the way in which any particular society recognizes and gives expression to the interdependency of its members. Today

social policies are huge, expanding, fast changing aspects of government. Good social service policy requires special knowledge and expertise. Today most public policy makers have no direct experience in social service /work and as a result they lack firsthand knowledge. Helping professionals, or for that matter clients and

consumers, would bring needed knowledge and experience to public policy making. An understanding of social policy is vital for engaging practically with social work values, dealing with political and ethical questions about responsibility, rights, our understanding of ‘the good society’.

Parents differ in their way of being with their children, in turn affecting the development of their child. With the addition of a ‘diagnosis’ or label to their child, they oscillate between how much leniency to give and how much strict they should be.With the diagnosis, there is a considerable shift in the parenting styles and hence, their coping styles; this affecting the focus child and their typical peers. In addition to children with autism, who had impaired parent-child interactions (less affection and more overprotection and authoritarian controlling); their siblings may be at risk for such problems too (Gau SS, et al.,2010). Parents of these children themselves undergo stresses and other psychological disorders like depression. Families participating in ABA experienced elevated depressive symptoms, much like any family raising a child with an ASD. ABA intensity related to maternal depression and personal strain.

Any intervention for Classroom integration requires us to focus on the nature of the disorder children have. Executive function skills predict learning in general rather than learning in one specific domain. (Bull, Espy,et al., 2008). Research suggests a significant difference in executive functioning in children who have ASD as compared with the neuro-typical peers (F.Pooragha, S.M.Kafi, et al., 2013). Furthermore, successful classroom adjustment is based in social as well as cognitive skills. Underlying these social and cognitive skills are executive functions: both action based executive functions (such as response inhibition, emotional control, sustained

attention, task initiation, goal-directed persistence, flexibility) and thinking based executive functions (such as working memory, planning/prioritization, organization, time-management, meta-cognition) apart from academic conceptual understanding.

Aggression has been a widely researched phenomenon. In contemporary times, it has become a topic of great concern in the field of behavioural research especially that related to children and adolescents. The concern is to be able to identify aggressive behaviour as early as possible while children are still young, since they are at risk for the development of a host of adjustment problems in the social arena in addition to them having a perpetuating influence during their adolescence and adulthood. The present study aimed to study gender differences in aggressive

behaviour in pre-school aged children and its impact on the social competencies of these children. It was conducted on a sample of 50 children (29 boys and 21 girls) aged 3 to 6 years selected randomly from a pre-school in South Delhi. Initially children were rated by their class teacher on a checklist of aggressive behaviour.

This rating was used to divide them into 3 groups - Group A (highly aggressive), Group B (average on aggression), Group C ( low on aggression). The results indicated that boys were rated as physically aggressive and girls were found to be more relationally aggressive. Further children in these three groups were studied

individually through an observation checklist for skills related to Social Competence (Popularity, Sharing, Managing a conflict and Ability to cooperate). The results obtained are discussed in the light of literature survey.

This paper was written as a part of writing a conceptual paper in the sociology course, to particularly understand the ‘social construction of Gender in school’, during post graduation. This therefore does not effectively include empirical data, but I have brought in some experiences as a researcher/ teacher/ student and most critically as a woman to try understanding how social construction of gender takes

place in school.

A Study of Creativity and Academic Achievement of Secondary School Pupils has been dealt with in this paper. The sample consisted of 100 students of different High schools in Kollegala Taluk. The basis of was Government- 50 Unaided-50 students. Research tool used in the study was “Bekar mahadiyar creativity test” the research tool has 3 types of activities. Coefficient of correlation and‘t’-test’ technique was adopted for data analysis. There is slightly positive relationship between creativity and academic achievement of 8th standard students and there is no significant difference creativity of 8th standard students between boys and girls, rural and urban students and government and aided school students.

The Rabindra Sarobar lake ecosystem is playing a key role in maintaining the oxygen balance of the Kolkata metropolis by generating fresh oxygen. The Physical environment is considered as an essential part of a lacustrine system. Degradation

of environment largely affects the physical component. If the physical components are spoiled, then the entire system of the lake will get degraded. Water, air, soil, sound level etc. have been taken as the physical components of the study. Due to cultural activities and improper monitoring system practicised by the lake authority,

the physico-chemical properties of Rabindra Sarobar Lake are degrading over time. The total land and water area of Rabindra Sarobar is about 192 acres which is being used for sports, recreational and cultural activities. Holistic measures need to be

followed for improvement of the ambient air and the water quality of the lake area.

Beedi rolling is one of the major unorganized sector activities in India, which employs a large number of women. The beedi industry is the fourth largest employers of workers in India, after agriculture, handloom and construction. The India’s Ministry of Labour estimates about 50 lakh workers in the beedi rolling industry, majority of them are home based women workers. On the other hand, the trade unions claim that there are over 70 lakh beedi workers. Women constitute a very high percentage of labour force in the beedi manufacturing. In this backdrop, the study has been

conducted in Dakshina Kannada district with a selection of 120 women beedi roller households for an in-depth analysis. In this paper, we analyse the income and employment generation in beedi rolling and explore the nature of health hazards experienced by the members of the beedi roller families in the study area

There are many elements that affect a child’s start in life. But the preconditions for achieving these elements are likely to go well beyond the immediate circumstances of children themselves, to include the wider social, economic and cultural environment. For instance, nutrition depends heavily on the health of mothers and the knowledge and support they get in feeding infants. These factors in turn depend not only on food availability and prices in the economy as a whole, but also on how resources are distributed within households, gender attitudes and the availability of health services. Good health depends on a hygienic, safe environment including access to clean water and sanitation. But much rural and urban living in India are characterized by crowding, lack of clean water, poor sanitation, high levels of rubbish, exposure to dirt and in some cases environment toxins. The quality of child care depends on how much time parents have for each child, which in turn depends on diverse factors ranging from the structure of the rural and urban economy to birth spacing. There are wide ranges of things that need to happen to improve early childhood development.

India is home to the largest number of children in the world, significantly larger than the number in China (World population prospects: 2008). The country has 20 percent of the 0-4 year’s child population of the world. Globally, more than one third of under-five deaths are attributable to under-nutrition (UNICEF, 2009). About 20% of children under age five in India are wasted, 43 % underweight and 48 % stunted (NFHS-3, 2005-06). In terms of number about 54 million children under five years in India are underweight which constitutes about 37 % of the total underweight children in the world (SOWC, 2010). In India, 25 million children under five years are wasted and 61 million children are stunted, which constitutes 31 % and 28 % of wasted and stunted children respectively in the world (UNICEF,2009).