Rapid urbanization in India creates social problems where urban and peri-urban agriculture (UPA) has a role of in reducing urban poverty and ensuring environmental sustainability. Mumbai Metropolitan Region (MMR) is a fastest growing region in India with a population of 21 million where high proportion of urban poor along with higher migration to MMR makes the region vulnerable to food crisis. This paper focuses on the current situation street vending and UPA production systems in MMR with special attention towards their contribution towards the local services. An over view about the various concepts of street vending were also presented. The question about the various social dimensions and aspects of these marketing systems were also mentioned. Based on primary and secondary data, this paper attempts to confirm that street vending in UPA production complement rural supply chains and reduce ecological food prints. These marketing systems should be better planned and incorporated into the city architecture for ensuring local food supply and employment opportunities in MMR.

In ancient days, people lived ecofriendly with primitive technology. People were lived dependent on agricultural and allied activities, and they created some kinds of wastages which were used as manure and raw material for other products. In this era, the modern science and technologies are lead innumerable inventions to make human comfortable. All instruments invented by modern technology creating some kinds of severe wastages and the modern technologies are failed to solve these problems. From last half century, we are suffering due to unsolvable environment related problems like the treatment of sewage, industrial and urban wastages, plastic pollution, air pollution, etc. Along with that management of E- (electronic) wastages is one of the major problems in developed countries and it is an emerging problem in developing countries like India. Keeping this as background, this article reveals issues related with e-wastages in India.

This paper focuses on number of aspects of urban centers of West Bengal. It shows that small and intermediate towns are negatively growing and big and large city are positively growing. Population share of small, intermediate and Million plus city is decreasing while it’s increasing in case of big and large city. Therefore people are staying more in large city compare to million cities. It may be due to higher cost of living in million city while poor service and infrastructure in case of small and intermediate towns. Urban area both in percent and share has very high correlation with level of urbanization. Dispersion of urban population is also a remarkable and it is highly correlated with number of small scale industry units which helps to transform the small towns and surrounding rural areas economy. But lack of infrastructure in small and intermediate town is major problem and there is no major programme or strategy to develop small and intermediate town more attractive.

Background: The dominant social constructions of age identity are negative, leading to social exclusion in elderly persons through collective ill-representations. Hence, this study examines how age identity induces and sustains social exclusion in elderly persons. Method: Using a cross sectional research design, this study measured the age identity and social exclusion in older persons. The sample is defined as elderly persons aged 65+ years and live with family of procreation. We selected 41 samples by using multistage cluster sampling procedure. Age Identity Measurement Scale and Social Exclusion Scale were used alongside with sociodemographic profile. We analyzed the data using descriptive and inferential statistics.

Results: As age identity increased, elderly persons negatively perceived self and subscribed negative social attribution of ageing. Age identity has lead to high level of material deprivation and overall social exclusion in elderly persons. The negative perception of ageing was associated with high level of social exclusion. Inadequate social participation and normative integration lead to high level of social exclusion. The regression model showed three significant predictors of social exclusion in elderly persons.

Conclusion: Elderly persons give importance to their age identity, though they predominantly perceive the ageing process negatively. Negative self-perceptions of ageing significantly increased social exclusion. The study concludes that alongside sociodemographic factors, the negative self perception of ageing lead to high level of social exclusion in elderly persons.

Once silk goods of Murshidabad were exported to the different countries of the world. In sixteenth century Murshidabad exported its silk product to the coasts of East Africa, Arabia, Turkey, Syria and other countries (Das, R, 2015). Then came Dutch, East India Company and captured the silk business in this district. The company used to purchase silk yarns from the reelers and exported them to the Western Countries for producing silk products and gradually the company acquired full control over the silk production in the district. Murshidabad has a rich cultural heritage and the art of hand weaving formed its integral part. But now a day’s both the sector i.e. reeling and weaving sectors are declining day by day. The present study highlights 9 major problems in reeling sector and 7 major problems in

weaving sector. The study reveals that above 93 % releers are complained about the lack of raw materials. The study also indicates that in only 20-33% successor of present are interested in this reeling sector and in weaving sector it is only 28%. The study also reveals that 90% -100% reelers and weavers are not satisfied for their wages. These are some the major problems which are responsible for declining the sectors in our district. The study also highlighted some future strategy to overcome the situation so that the “Murshidabad Silk” can regain its past glory.

Women constitute more than fifty per cent of the world’s population, one third of the labour force, and perform nearly two thirds of all working hours. Women are also mostly engaged in the unorganized sector (Mehta and Sethi, 1977). This is more so in the case of agriculture and allied activities. Sericulture is one of the important potential labour intensive agro- based rural industry in the world. No wonder women are playing a very important role in the sericulture industry. Their qualities like maternal instincts and loving care of those under their charge prove to be very helpful in the successful breeding of silk worms. The sericulture industry has opened up phenomenal employment avenues and helped women to become important players in the decisionmaking process—whether in the household or in the community at large. The active involvement of women is very essential for

the success of the any community development initiative. This has been proved on many occasions all over the world—more so in the developing countries. This paper analyzed that impact of women workers’ dominance in sericulture sector upon the process of inclusive development in the rural household sectors of West Bengal. Women has patience, perseverance, caring attitude and adaptability to new technologies have made her activities more dominant in sericulture and silk production. Present study reveals that the Women are engaged about 60% (about 57% in 1st year and about 64% from 2nd year onwards) work in various sector in Sericulture i.e from Mulberry cultivation to Silk weaving etc. and women are doing their works successfully in every sector.