From 1980s onward donors are increasingly focusing on sector based programmes and development assistances with interest-bearing loans to concession-based finance as well as conditional aid to unconditional grants. Recent trends under different aid modalities support that the priority sectors for Bangladesh are education, health, agriculture, rural and urban development, infrastructure and energy, environment and climate change adaptation, gender and development, and good governance through public sector reform initiatives including the macro-economic reform efforts. Presently both the aid modalities and sector based programme outcomes are central to the debate on aid effectiveness in Bangladesh. Considering the above mentioned aspects, the current round of studies on aid effectiveness is focusing on the overall effectiveness of the development assistance in Bangladesh following the qualitative focused synthesis method. This research article has tailored a historical retrospective analysis of the development assistance in Bangladesh, followed by a subjective assessment of donors, critical analysis of civil society of the recipient country and the balancing analysis of the recipient government on the aid effectiveness.

This study is on climate change and rural livelihood in Makun-Omi, Ode-Omi and Iwopin communities in Waterside Local Government Area in Ogun State, Nigeria. Descriptive survey ex post facto design was adopted and three hundred and forty nine respondents randomly selected participated in the study. An adapted Climate Change and Livelihood Questionnaire were administered. 20% of the respondents engaged in agricultural production, 61% engaged in fishing and fishing related activities and 19% in non-farm livelihood activities. Temperature, flooding and water salinity have negative significant correlation with agricultural production. Eight types of manifestation of climate change were identified in the communities. Flooding had mean score 3.7, second was temperature with mean score 3.64, third was rainfall with mean score 3.6 and fourth was water salinity with mean score 3.54. Sea level had the fifth highest mean score 1.51, sixth was heat waves with mean score 1.48, and seventh was drought with mean score 1.45 and storm activity recorded the eight mean score 1.36. Temperature, flooding and salinity have a negative significant correlation with fishing and fishing related activities. Rainfall and flooding have negative significant correlation with livelihood assets while temperature, rainfall and flooding have negative significant correlation with livelihood income at 0.05alpha significance. It is concluded that climate change increased poor livelihood through reduction in agricultural production, poor outcomes of fishing and fishing related activities, low non-farm activities outcomes, loss of livelihood income. It is recommended that inhabitants of these communities should be trained on new strategies for sustainable livelihood strategies.

Hakim Tirmidhi is well-known Sunni jurist (faqih), traditionist (muhaddith) and Sufi master in the world. When discussing the problems associated with sufism, Hakim Tirmidhi had written various opinions that have been argued upon by numerous researchers while elaborating on their various thoughts over time until this present day[25]. These various opinions and views found in the heritages of Hakim Tirmidhi were compiled to discuss the problems associated with “sainthood”, “gnoseology”, “awliya”, “hukama” (sages), “ulama” (scholars), aql (intellect), “Hikmah”, “qalb”(heart), “Stations of the Heart” and etc. Thus, there is a need among researchers to examine and understand the methods used by the Hakim Tirmidhi in explaining these words in opinion[24]. This article analyzes the heritage of Mohammed Hakim Termizi, one of the most influential thinkers in the history of intellectual development. Evidence is given that the development of integrity and systematics in his reasoning has reached to the point of doctrine.

The present research is to review the ongoing advancements of Public Administration as an academic discipline and its compliance in Bangladesh. Eleven Public Universities were picked purposively for this examination. Course syllabi of every University for session 2016-2017 have been gathered as a unit of analysis. Public Administration as a discipline experienced numerous progressions and advancements forward and backward. This order extended incomprehensibly in Bangladesh in the 21st century. Aftereffects of the investigation uncovered that considerable rates of courses spread fundamental studies of Public Administration. Alongside that New Public Management and New Governance worldview are additionally being engaged in every university. Despite a huge spotlight on positivist abilities still there are some frail paradigmatic introduction for expert aptitudes like; leadership, interpersonal and negotiation skills.

Higher education is considered to be the apex in all educational endeavors. It is imparted by universities and other institutions of higher education & research. It embraces teaching and learning for the promotion of faculties and research attitude among students. It mainly focuses on knowledge creation and its dissemination. Apparently, teaching, learning and research are considered to be the core activities in higher education. Besides, there are some associated activities which seem to augment the outcomes and effectiveness of higher education. Such activities include instruction and instructional mechanism, learning activities, campus environment and infrastructure, innovations and interventions etc. Therefore, a university teacher should involve students in learning process through activities aiming to inculcate academic & social skills among them.

The India is considered as seventh largest country in an area wise and also the second largest countries in population wise. Being the largest demographic structure, it also represented diverse culture and tradition. Almost all the major religions of the world are borne and flourished in India. The prevailing socio economic upheavals from medieval period to British time and also foreign involvement of different countries in present time brought the country under various socio economic cries. One side there is poor management of limited resources, weak education system, illiteracy, superstition and uneven economic growth and development running in the country made the country meager. On the other side, there is also constant raising pressure of population on availability of limited resources, along with the false policies of government, put the country on the track of unemployment. Many educated youths feel the sense of deprivations and marginalization. In the same ways they have been engaged themselves in various criminal activities in the country. These criminal activities sometimes took shapes of various communal violence in the country. My attempt in this paper is only to discuss about the rising consensus of poverty, its causes and harmful effect on coming generation in reference to crimes happening due to various communal violence in the country. Moreover this paper also highlights the role of central government, its programs and policies for eradicating the poverty in the country. After analysising all the causes of poverty in India and its effects on coming generation, this paper also forward some suggestions that may overcome this burning problems in the country.

Manipur, often called “Switzerland of the East” is home to people of different castes, creeds, tribes and religions with distinct culture, tradition and heritage. The Anals are one of the first settlers of the 19 Naga tribes in Manipur. They have rich customs, cultures and traditions like other tribes of Manipur. Their culture is manifested in various aspects of their life. Their artistic and aesthetic sense and love of beauty are found in their various festivals, dances and music and in their arts and crafts. The Anal dances are performed during their colorful festivals, death ceremonies and sacrifices. Their songs are really enchanting. There are various type of songs composed by great heroes of the past, poets and singers. Culture provides us with guidelines that are learnt and shared among the members of a tribe or society, in the absence of which there would not be order in the society. In this paper, the author will discuss Anal cultural life focusing on the festive and customary aspects of Anal culture.

Cogenitive restructuring, or cognitive re-framing, is a therapeutic processs, it is a staple of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy. Ccognitive Rrestructuring Therapy (CRT) aims to help to reduce positive and negative symptoms through cultivating more positive and functional thought & habits. Present study is aimed to reduce positive and negative symptoms patents with schizophrenia using cognitive restructuring therapy. Method: five (5) patients with Schizophrenia were chosen from different inpatient department of RINPAS, Kanke using the simple random sampling technique. After taking informed consent from the patient, socio-demographic and PANSS were administered. All the five patients were assessed in pre-level and then after intervention of 18 sessions, they were assessed at post-level. Data was analyzed with the help of Wilcoxon signed rank test was used for statistical analysis. Result & Discussion: Results showed the significant differences in the areas; Delusion, Hallucination, Suspiciousness, in pre & post assessment at significant level of 0.01. In the study, it was found that application of cognitive restructuring therapy in the cases of schizophrenia has some effective measures in the areas of their positive and negative symptoms. Both positive and negative symptoms are resolves after application of cognitive restructure therapy.

The purpose of the study is to analyze the dynamic link between government spending and economic growth for Indian Economy with the use of 44 years time series data and techniques. The empirical analysis of the study indicates the absence of short run causality between the variable in all the six models. The results showed that there is long run causality between Gross domestic product and Revenue expenditure in total as well as per capita term from GDP to Revenue expenditure. The study also found the Bi-directional causality from per capita total government expenditure and per capita Gross Domestic Product.

This information about handwriting helps a person to know personality, character, and mind-set of himself/herself and even to know their friends, family friends and others. This is a basic introduction for graphology. In this article, we will find out brief information about what is graphology, history of graphology, uses and limitations of graphology, difference between graphology and handwriting analysis and some facts about handwriting.

The University Grants Commission (UGC) has recently introduced LOCF for enhancing outcome-driven teaching and learning in Indian Universities. This study aims to identify the key issues that may pose challenges in effective implementation of LOCF in Indian context. The study, which is based on review of secondary sources and unstructured interviews with identified professors in the different academic subject-areas, traces the strategic issues that need to be addressed for implementation of LOCF. Based on the analysis, the study provides a conceptual model for implantation of LOCF in Universities.