Background: Diagnosis of various diseases in the present medical scenario is largely dependent on the tests performed in Clinical Chemistry Laboratory. TQM (Total quantity Management) in a laboratory ensures that the results obtained be free from errors. Objectives: To identify the nature and frequency of pre-analytical causes of sample rejection and to take corrective steps. Methodology: This study was conducted on 46,404 (OPD &IPD) samples and pre-analytical causes for sample rejection were noted and the data was analysed. Results and Conclusion: Pre-analytical errors were responsible for 2.32% (1077) of samples to be rejected over a period of one year. Thus, substantial number of samples undergo repeated testing because of rejection owing to pre-analytical errors.

To identify the priority habitats of the threatened catfishes of the genus Ompok viz. Ompok pabda, O. pabo and O. bimaculatus in India the effects of habitat variables on the structure of fish assemblage were evaluated from 40 sampling sites located in Tones, Gomti, Ganga, Bramhaputra and Hoogly Rivers. Canonical correspondence analyses were carried out to determine the influence of environmental conditions on species occurrences and assemblage characteristics. The microhabitat, hydromorphological parameters (depth and current velocity) followed by conductivity, temperature and total dissolve solid (TDS) were found to be significant in structuring the assemblage of the three catfishes. Fast water with shallow depth in different rivers was significantly associated with occurrence of O. pabda whereas slow water and higher depth were significantly associated with O. bimaculatus. Some other environmental parameters such as conductivity, TDS and pH were also found to be significant in shaping the habitat preference of the Ompok species studied. Our results depicted the importance of environment influences on the Ompok species which are of conservation and management interest.

Receptors are the protein molecules embedded in plasma membrane, cytoplasm or nucleus. Receptors received its chemical signals originating from the cells. Through binding to receptors these signals directed cell to produce its action. There are different psychological actions produced by Angiotensin-II such as increase in extracellular volume, peripheral vascular resistance and blood pressure. It is also involved in regulation of cell growth and differentiation. Angiotensin-II Receptor is of two types, AT-I and AT-II. Most of the functions of angiotensin-II are regulated by AT-I. Physiological role of AT-II are not known. Various vital organs of the body like Heart, lungs, kidney, adrenal cortex and brain are rich in AT-I Receptor. Those drugs which block the action of AT-1 on blood vessels and Heart are called as Angiotensin Receptor Blocker (ARBs). There are different ARBs available in the market which are well tolerated and having fewer side effects. ARBs biding affinity towards the receptors is like as condensatran > ibesartan> valsartan> telmisartan> tasosartan> losartan >eprosartan. The main severe side effect shows by ARBs is swelling of tissues, liver and kidney failure, allergic reactions

Tumors occur when cells divide and grow excessively in the body. New cells are created to replace older ones or to perform new functions. Cells that are damaged or no longer needed die to make room for healthy replacements. If the balance of cell growth and death is disturbed, a tumor may form. The available anticancer drugs have distinct mechanisms of action which may vary in their effects on different types of normal and cancer cells. The effectiveness of many anticancer drugs is limited by their toxicity to normal rapidly growing cells in the intestinal and bone marrow areas. Therefore, an attempt was made to obtain the suitable inhibitors of tumor cells by de novo creation of structurally flattering lead molecules which were further validated by docking analysis with 2VNA (Structure of Human Zinc-Binding Alcohol Dehydrogenase 1 (ZADH1) protein. By screening of these results revealed that organobismuth compound C27H36BiN3 ({2-[bis({2-[(dimethylamino)methyl]phenyl})bismuthanyl]phenyl}methyl)dimethyl was found as the best fit over Lipinski’s rule of five and other ADME parameters

Six common anthocyanin pathway genes viz. Chalcone synthase (CHS), Chalcone isomerase (CHI), Flavanone 3-hydroxylase (F3H), Dihydrofolate reductase (DFR), Anthocyanindin synthase (ANS) and UDPG-flavonoid 3-glucosyl transferase (UF3GT) were analyzed by performing comparative analysis between different species of solanaceae and poacea families. Sequence conservation between different species of these two families was highest in CHS and lowest in CHI. The number of polymorphic sites between different species of these two families was highest in ANS and lowest in F3H. McDonald–Kreitman analysis showed that non-synonymous changes between different species of these two families were higher for downstream enzymes: UF3GT, DFR and ANS than upstream enzymes: CHS, CHI and F3H. It was also observed that nucleotide diversity between these two families was highest in CHI but lowest in F3H. From the evolutionary analysis it was concluded that that CHI might have undergone ancient duplication and subsequent divergence during evolution and upstream enzymes CHS and CHI evolves very slowly than downstream enzymes DFR, ANS and UF3GT not because of their mutation rate but because of the selective constraint between different species of solanaceae and poaceae.

Laccase belongs to the family of blue multi-copper oxidases (MCOS) that has three domain structures and usually contains four copper atoms. Aspergillus niger species are reported to produce laccase. An attempt was made to screening, optimization, production and partial purification of laccase enzyme produced from Aspergillus niger. Guaiacol and acetate buffer were used to assay laccase production. Laccase activity was highest when operated at the following conditions, 120 h incubation, 30°C temperature, pH-5, 2% glucose as carbon source and 2% peptoneas nitrogen source in the production medium. The enzyme was partially purified by ammonium sulfate precipitation and dialysis method.

Oil cakes of mustard and linseed were collected from Rambagh, Allahabad and Mahewa Gate, Allahabad. Two samples of mustard and one sample of linseed cake were taken as a sample for project. Bacteria were grown on these oil cake samples. From it different cultures were isolated and each was separately grown. The pure cultures grown were tested for oil degrading property. Those cultures, which showed oil degrading property, were selected and isolated. The cultures were then identified using Gram staining technique. A series of biochemical tests were done for the cultures consuming oil. The tests include starch hydrolysis test, urease production test and catalase production test. DNA was then isolated from these oil degrading cultures

Solid-state fermentation (SSF) was carried out using different agro-byproducts as substrate for the production of α-amylase using a bacterial culture of Bacillus licheniformis. Among all the substrates wheat bran supported maximum growth and produced maximum alpha amylase (154.17 IU) under Triton –X as extraction medium. Production optimization was conducted using wheat bran. The maximum alpha amylase production was obtained at pH 6 (170.34 IU) 40°C (168.78 IU), 48 h (155.06 IU) and with 80% initial moisture (171.89 IU). Supplementation with 1% maltose further enhanced enzyme yield (178.46 IU). However, glucose and lactose inhibited the enzyme production. Increase in the enzyme yield (171.68 IU and 172.36 IU) was obtained when fermentation medium was supplemented with 1% soy peptone and (0.15 M) ammonium chloride, respectively. Addition of 0.01 M phosphate concentration also enhanced amylase production. Therefore, from the present study it can be concluded that starch digesting α- amylase produced by Bacillus licheniformis in solid state fermentation could be important in biotechnological application.