Recent discovery of CRISPR-Cas9 genome editing technique has opened up a new window for biotechnologists. The simplicity along with its accuracy and cost effectiveness has made the technique instant hit for modern day researchers.

But the full potential of the technique is yet to be explored as there are some serious challenges and ethical issues needed to be addressed elaborately. In this article the development of CRISPR-Cas9 system has been d

Plants are an economic and easily scalable production system for the production of proteins of agricultural, pharmaceutical and industrial interest with minimal risk of contaminations with animal pathogens. The plastid genome represents an attractive target of genetic engineering in crop plants owed to its small size and abundant number of plastids in a single plant cell. The genetic modifications of the plastid genome, therefore, have recently emerged as an alternative for the expression of different proteins. Compared with nuclear transformation, plastid genetic engineering offers unique advantages which have stirred enormous interest among plant biotechnologists. Plastid genetic engineering is, particularly more suitable for the use of plants as biofactories. Higher plants have been proposed as an economic, safe and easily scalable production system. Several recombinant proteins have been expressed using plastid transformation, including therapeutic proteins, antibiotics, proteins with immunological properties and enzymes. In addition, plastid genetic engineering has been used for metabolic engineering of numerous pathways as well as for the expression of insecticidal toxins.

Malaria is a serious issue for its negative impact on the community and the increasing resistance to drugs. Hence the treatment of malaria is a great challenge for the community. While studying the complex interaction of molecules between host and the malarial parasite from the point of entry and the subsequent invasion within the RBC, it seemed that there might be a certain crucial juncture where the process can be intervened. We have focussed on these interaction pathways and various antagonistic drugs that act in these pathways to deal with malarial infection. CQ and Art are the frequently used drugs worldwide but, now-a-days the event of they becoming resistant have also been reported. Mutations in Digestive Vacuole Membrane Transporters make CQ ineffective whereas, the reason behind the Art resistant is the mutation in the K13 gene. The K13 gene product binds with the Nrf2, a transcriptional factor of anti-oxidants producing

gene. This binding makes the Nrf2 ineffective causing the death of the parasites under stressed condition. Our aim of the study is to find a way out to inactivate Nrf2 in order to increase the Art efficiency.

Herbal medicinal plant played an important role since ancient times in treating various chronic diseases. Frequent use of pharmaceutical drugs and its side effects have led to more research based study on traditionally available plants and folk remedies. Flacourtia indica (Burm.f.) Merr. is one such medicinally important plant which is commonly distributed Bangladesh, few parts of India and is becoming threatened day by day. It has immense potentiality as a medicinal plant and possess beneficial effects such as Antiasthmetic, antimalarial, antioxidant, hepatoprotective, antidiabetic, antianxiety, diuretic etc. These activities can be attributed mainly to the presence of various bioactive compounds or phytochemicals. The aim of this paper is to find out the phytochemical constituent of this plant, antimicrobial properties and standardize the invitro shoot culture techniques which will help to preserve the plant species and summarize the importance of this plant containing potent medicinal value and the research work being carried out till now.