Cancer, the most alarming global problem of today, is emerging as an important health problem in India. In ancient Indians, the virtual absence of cancerous malignancies suggested that cancer is largely affected by the Industrial revolution resulting in changes in environment and lifestyle. The common lifestyle factors leading to cancer death include: tobacco, diet and obesity, infections, stress and lack of physical activity. Alcohol consumption, excessive sun tanning and occupational hazards are some other factors to blame. Excessive increase in environmental pollutants resulting from vehicular emissions, untreated industrial smoke, factory wastes, pesticides, radon exposure, radiation etc. pose a high risk of cancer. However, most of these risk factors are modifiable and thus cancer cases may also be prevented to a large extent. There is a critical need to limit exposures to avoid environmental and occupational carcinogens and to find safer alternatives to the present chemical and physical risks. Public awareness as well as urgent actions by public bodies to make our environment clean and green as well as adoption of a healthy lifestyle are therefore the most important tools to fight against cancer and other preventable diseases.

A comparative in silico characterization of the patulin induced proteins has been carried out to analyze their physico-chemical, secondary structural and functional properties. The amino acid composition of patulin induced proteins obtained from biological databases. The composition of leucine, alanine, glycine and proline was high while low concentrations of glutamic acid and histidine residues were seen when compared to other aminoacids. The number of negative and positively charges are comparatively similar. pI value of Hyp was the highest when compared to the other two patulin induced proteins. The instability index of all the proteins was more than 40 showing that all of them are unstable. Aliphatic index shows the “relative volume of protein occupied by aliphatic side chains” which was found to be within a range of 65 to 100. Flr1P is transmembrane in nature while the other two are soluble proteins.

Aspects of human infection with Onchocerca volvulus was investigated in 9 villages in Okigwe LGA of Imo State, Nigeria between January 2010 and December 2011. The objectives were to compare the prevalence of different manifestations of Onchocerciasis according to gender and age, with view to determine if there had been a change in prevalence of onchocerciasis among residents of some communities in Okigwe Local Government Area of Imo State. A cross-sectional survey method was adopted for the study, blood free skin snips were collected from randomly selected consenting adults for mobile subcutaneous lumps and clinical manifestation were observed among 960 persons comprising of 511 males and 449 females. The commonest lesions observed were poor vision 17%, nodules 15%, leopard skin 20%, lizard skin 15%, and hanging groin 3%. Musculo-skeletal pain (MSP) was recorded as one of the major complaints by (30%) of the subjects. The result showed that Onchocerciasis clinical manifestations are still prevalent, however nodules prevalence reduced among sampled population (69.8%) reduction.

This paper is aimed at studying the environmental health efficiency of solid waste management in Bor Town, South Sudan. Many studies have been carried out about efficiency of solid waste management in many developing countries, but no such study has been done in Bor Town so far. In light of the increasing urban population, the chronic absence of data on domestic solid waste management practices, lack of waste management facilities, weak institutional capacities and inadequate financial resources, the households and the municipality are finding it difficult to efficiently management solid waste in Bor town. To meet the objective, the study have assessed the existing waste management practices, determine waste generation rate and composition as per income groups, develop the performance indicators and apply these indicators in assessing the capacity of waste management institution in managing solid waste effectively.

Osmotin is a stress responsive cytotoxic protein belonging to the pathogenesis- related (PR)-5 family that confers tolerance to both biotic and abiotic stresses in plants. Osmotin plays an important role in development of transgenic like tobacco, potato, strawberry, tomato. This review focuses on the role of osmotin in different conditions of environmental stress and microbial infections. It also discusses about some ongoing researches to improve the role of osmotin in other aspects considering human health.

Bluetongue is a highly infectious vector born viral disease, and it is a disease of wild and domestic animals (ruminants). Bluetongue is a non-contagious disease of animals and spread by the biting midges (Sperlova. A. and Zendulkova. D. 2011). The name Bluetongue is given by Spreull in 1905 (Spreull,1905). Bluetongue disease is mild in goats and severe in sheep as sheep is the primary host of bluetongue virus. Cattle act as the reservoir of bluetongue virus (Browne, 1971). The Bluetongue virus is first reported by hutcheon in 1881 During the introduction of European sheep breeds in Southern Africa (Hutcheon,1902). Later in 1948 it was reported in North America as a sore muzzle disease (Hardy and Price, 1952).). Spare in 1964 reported outbreak of bluetongue disease in India (Spare, 1964). There are several clinical symptoms of Bluetongue disease have been found in ruminants like fever, viraemia, sore muzzle, facial oedema, hyperaemia and congestion, erosion of mucous membrane, haemorrhages, vascular permeability (OIE, 2014). Symptoms are more severe and easily detectable in sheep and these signs are high fever upto 5-7 days, loss of wool, depression and haemorrhages in the coronary band, difficulty in standing and lameness because of painful hoof, excessive salivation, swollen tongue, swelling in nasal and buccal mucosa, pneumonia and death (Tabachnick et.al., 2009). The Severity of clinical signs of bluetongue disease in sheep influenced by the type and strain of infecting virus (Verwoerd & Erasmus, 2004; OIE, 2014). The bluetongue virus is hypervariable in nature therefore, there are 24 serotypes of bluetongue virus are well recognised with two newly proposed serotypes BTV 25 from Switzerland and BTV 26 from Kuwait. In India 22 serotypes have been reported of Bluetongue virus (Prasad et al., 2009; Kumar, 2009). Bluetongue virus belongs to family Reoviridae and genus Orbivirus (Tabachnick et al., 2009). Blue-tongue has a serious economic impact on dairy and wool industry mainly due to high morbidity, mortality and mandatory trade barrier on the movement of BT infected livestock and germ-plasm. BT is evolving into newer challenges and poses ever increasing the threat to associated environment. An Unnatural host like canines have in the past contracted BT infections. Many species of Culicoides have been reported to spread infections. Recently BT has been categorized as multispecies disease by OIE (2014).