Neuropilin2 is a family of receptor protein involved in endocrine development in Breast and ducts. The bHLH regulates transcription of Neuropilin2 (NRP2) of progenitor ductal and endocrine cells to a neurogenesis and neurogen specific transcriptional mechanisms that mediates different signaling pathways. The differentiated genes such as RAB40A, FGFR1, TPM1, NRP2, and CLMN genes regulating the development of islet of endocrine and ductal cells, but the molecular mechanism and classification of gene expression is remain unknown. There are several transcriptional gene mutations may regulate transcription of islet cells of ductal and endocrine regions of the pancreas and intestine that may lead to cancer. However, our knowledge of microarray data analysis methods helps to classify the genes associated with differential and undifferential endocrine lineage, ductal cell and exocrine regions determine neurogenesis and neuron specific signaling pathways. Using Meta analysis of statistical rank correlation algorithm to rank the genes based on gene signatures. The reveal predicts 154 (38%) genes that were consistently and significantly up regulated 247 (62%) were down regulated in Breast cancer. Using functional annotation of gene clusters reveals only 47 genes is presumably associated with neuronal development and cell differentiation. Furthermore, this experiment helps to understand candidate genes for novel biomarkers identification, diagnosis and therapeutic approaches to Breast cancer.

Queijo Prato (“plate shaped cheese”) named after the shape it was originally made by immigrants, and it is a Brazilian soft cheese. The objective of this project is to compare the government authorized milk to privatized milk which gives the better yield and quality of Prato cheese. Moreover, the anticoagulants i.e. the clotting agent used for the cheese production is taken from different sources i.e. one from plant source Moringa oleifera seeds which has high milk clotting activity and another one from microbial source Lactobacillus acidophilus has been chosen for the study. After the production of cheese from different sources of milk using different milk clotting agents the cheese produced will be analyzed for testing the efficacy of the microbial source and the plant source used and the physical characteristics of the cheese produced. Then the better yielded cheese will be scaled up using Aerobic bioreactor.

Plants manufacture a remarkably diverse variety of over 50,000 low molecular mass natural compounds also referred as secondary metabolites. The Pteridophytes in the Plantae are ancient yet modern representatives of the plant world. In addition to the unique and specific active biochemical ingredients pteridophytic plants houses innumerable minerals, vitamins, alkaloids, saponins, phenols, tannins, phytosterols, triterpenes and terpenoids in a substantial amount. Pteridophytes are one of the most important plant groups that enrich in Antioxidants and have been used significantly and successfully in folk medicine for several years. Antioxidants are molecular substances that prevent various cellular target molecules from oxidative damage. Pteridophytic antioxidants can neutralize the effect of AOS which are one of the several factors involved in various physiological malfunctioning of living organisms. Various pharmaceuticals formulations and bioinformatic approaches for drug designing in respect of chemical ligand binding and bioactivity assay in vitro as well as in vivo with reference to these antioxidants can relive disorders whose medicines are not yet available such as cancer. The antioxidant composition Pteridophytic generas also can aid in solving the phylogenetic puzzle and its chemotaxonomic approaches could also contribute in a new and revised system of Plant classification.

Breast Cancer reports are on rise in human. In requirement human is discovering new methods, models and projects which are aimed at better diagnosis, prevention and to avoid it from recurrence. Till date numbers of technologies are available but early diagnosis of breast cancer still remain a big question. Number of present technologies, although indicating or predicting breast cancer in patients but the sensitivity and specificity still lacking among them. In this review, we reported number of factors which are responsible for getting breast cancer and on the other hand also mentioned the success of machines, drugs and computational biology which in together surely will contribute in to fight against breast cancer if investigated in together.

In data mining, one of the most important tasks is sequential pattern mining (SPM). This SPM is used to mine most interesting subsequences in a set of sequences. The various real-life applications of SPM is bioinformatics, market basket analysis, web stream analysis and many more. The development of applications using data mining techniques to solve biological problems plays an important role in bioinformatics. This paper aims to propose mining of contiguous patterns in Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA) to identify breast cancer disease. The CSpan (Contiguous Sequential Pattern Mining) method is used to find contiguous patterns of DNA sequence database. Instead of mining all the patterns in a given sequence only contiguous patterns are mined i.e., compact patterns. The contiguous patterns with greater homogeneity are considered as biomarker to identify breast cancer disease. The patterns frequency occurrence of normal DNA is compared with mutated patterns of breast cancer gene (BRCA1) for identifying the disease. The mutation ratio is calculated to identify the level of change in the contiguous pattern between normal and mutated patterns.

Bluetongue is a non contagious disease of animals and spread by the biting midges. Bluetongue disease is mild in goats and severe in sheep as sheep is the primary host of bluetongue virus. There are several clinical symptoms of Bluetongue disease have been found in ruminants like fever, viraemia, sore muzzle, facial oedema, hyperaemia and congestion, erosion of mucous memberane, haemorrhages, vascular permeability. The bluetongue virus is hypervariable in nature therefore there are 24 serotypes of bluetongue virus are well recognised with three newly proposed serotypes BTV 25 from Switzerland and BTV 26 from Quwait and BTV 27 from France. Therefore, there are 27 different serotypes of BTV have been identified according to the specificity of interactions between neutralizing antibodies and the virus outer capsid, the VP2 protein. Bluetongue has a serious economic impact on dairy and wool industry mainly due to high morbidity, mortality and mandatory trade barrier on the movement of BT infected livestock and germplasm. Bioinformatical tools like Clustal X and Clustal Omega are promising and helpful in the construction of phylogenetic tree to check the evolutionary relation among all 24 serotypes of BTV and alignment of the many sequences through Multiple sequence Alignment.

Cancer is one of the leading causes of mortality across the world. One relatively new form of treatment that has demonstrated remarkable promise in recent years is cord blood transplantation. The quick availability of cord blood and less stringent matching compared to hematopoietic stem cell transplantation gives it an edge over other techniques which helped it to emerge as a potential alternative source of hematopoietic stem cells in stem cell transplantation.

The anther development in Melilotus indicus, an annual fodder legume follows the dicotyledonous type. The mature anther is tetrasporangiate and its wall is comprised of the outermost epidermis followed by endothecium, single middle layer and the innermost secretory tapetum. Melilotus indicus bears 10 stamens of around 1.5 to 2 mm long that are arranged in a 9+1diadelphous manner. These tiny dorsifixed stamens produce a small number of microspores in each microsporangium. At the sporogenous stage of microsporogenesis, tapetal cells become irregular, full of proteinaceous material and during late ontogeny a transverse septum is observed in some of the microsporangia. The septum is of tapetal origin that seems to be an adaptation for better nourishment of developing microspores. The mature pollen grain of Melilotus indica is oblong and tricolporate. The exine is reticulate, well differentiated into ektexine and endexine. The ektexine is well distinguished in a tectum, bacula, and foot layer