Contents Volume 6 Issue 1 June

Background: Tuberculosis of the breast is a rare and its diagnosis is difficult to establish clinically as the signs and symptoms may mimic that of carcinoma of the breast and sometimes a chromic breast abscess.Aim: In this series of 102 patients we review our experience and high-light that breast TB should be considered as a differential diagnosis of breast lesions like breast carcinoma.

Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD) is currently reliably and increasingly being diagnosed and classified by non-invasive methods in comparison with standard invasive methods. Various permutations and combinations has been studied and explored with different clinical sign and symptoms with or without lab profiles to closely approach the precise diagnosis. It is indeed the need of the hour to understand the most suitable non-invasive clinical modality in a given set of patient profile to reach to the finest and closest diagnosis without compromising the outcome as far as the patient management is concerned. This could well be learnt progressively to more and more effectively use of these non-invasive tools and avoiding cumbersome liver biopsy in parallel

The association of arthritis with Psoriasis is well established; with variable prevalence in different population groups. The timing of onset of arthritis with respect to skin lesion is variable; with the most common pattern being arthritis manifesting concurrently or after the appearance of cutaneous lesion. We document a case of a young male in whom the skin lesions were preceded by arthritis by almost a year. The pattern of arthritis was a combination of symmetrical polyarthritis involving small and large joints of body as well as axial spondyloarthritis. The final diagnosis could only be made after the appearance of skin lesion as the patient had no past history or family history of Psoriasis. Finally there was a striking response to Methotrexate both in terms of skin lesion as well as joint symptoms.

Background: Telomerase is an enzymes which can be expressed in approximately 90% of carcinomas and in over 90% of breast cancer whereas in normal tissues it is not detectable. Recent studies have been proved that high telomerase expression is associated with poor prognosis of breast carcinoma.Objective: We investigated the telomerase activity by immune-histochemistry and its expression in tumor and non-tumor breast tissue and its clinco-pathological correlation with other established prognostic markers.Methods: Immuno-histochemistry (IHC) was used to detect the expression of human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT) in the tissues of 20 cases of breast carcinoma and 20 cases of benign breast lesions and its correlation with other prognostic factors like ER, PR and her2-neu status.Results: Nuclear expression of telomerase by IHC was found in 7 out of 20 breast cancer patients (35%). None of the 20 benign breast tissue samples stained for telomerase. The variation of hTERT expression as per T stage, N stage, ER, PR and her2-neu status were not statistically significant in breast cancer. hTERT expression was comparable in patients with triple negative and non triple negative breast cancer.Conclusion: hTERT expression needs to be correlated with response to chemotherapy by further studies and may emerge as a useful tool in selecting most appropriate chemotherapy protocol for a given patients.