Excessive fluoride intake is found toxic to the body. It is a highly soluble salt, ubiquitously present in water and its contamination

in drinking water poses a public health problem, needs immediate attention. Since oxidative damage is the main cause of fluoride toxicity, the antioxidant potential of tamarind and arjuna having many anti-oxidant phyto-chemicals, may be exploited for the amelioration of its toxicity. This study aims to evaluate the renoprotective effect of Tamarindus indica and Terminalia arjuna on hematology in rats exposed to sodium fluoride. The experimental groups included: (I) control, (II) NaF (100ppm in drinking water for 56 days), (III) NaF@ 100 ppm and extract of T. indica @ 200 mg/kg b.w. orally for 56 days, (IV) NaF @ 100 ppm and T. arjuna extract @50 mg/kg b.w. orally, (V) NaF @ 100 ppm, extract of Tamarindus indica @ 100 mg/kg b.w. orally and T. arjuna @ 25 mg/kg b.w. orally for 56 days, (VI) Ascorbic acid @ 100 mg/kg b.w. orally and NaF@ 100 ppm for 56 days. Blood samples were collected at different intervals. Haemoglobin, total leucocyte count, differential leucocyte count and total erythrocyte count were estimated. Compared to the control group, the fluoride-treated group showed significant differences in hematological parameter, including decrease in lymphocyte percentage. The group that received ascorbic acid showed significant increase in the lymphocyte percentage of the fluoride-exposed rats when compared to group II. The rats treated with T. indica and T. arjuna, separately and in combination, showed a numerical increase in lymphocyte percentage when compared to group II. 

Subclinical mastitis (SCM) greatly influences the udder health, lowers milk quality and quantity. The gross clinical signs being absent, it is left undetected leading to high economic impacts on dairy farming. Cow-side indirect tests are employed for diagnosis besides the bacteriological culture (BC) as the gold standard. This study aimed to evaluate the diagnostic validity/ accuracy of cow-side tests like California Mastitis Test (CMT), Somatic Cell Count (SCC) and Electrical Conductivity (EC) with BC as the gold standard test for SCM detection. Growth on culture media of at least one colony of a major pathogen was taken as the criterion for a positive test. A total of 410 quarter milk samples were tested. The accuracy and Cohen’s kappa values for CMT were 70.98% and 0.42, for SCC 76.83% and 0.56, and for EC 53.45% and 0.09. The Receiver Operating Characteristic analyses showed the area under curve for CMT, SCC and EC as 78.10%, 81.20% and 59.90%, respectively. Both CMT and SCC had a good agreement with the gold standard test with SCC showing superiority over CMT in terms of diagnostic validity/ accuracy. Thus, the study endorsed SCC as the first choice for accurate detection of SCM in dairy cattle followed by CMT.

Dermatological problem is one of the major problems encountered in small animals. Fifty one cases of dogs showing dermatological lesions were presented to Veterinary Clinical Complex, Veterinary College and Research Institute, Namakkal. The dermatological cases were recorded for three months (September to November 2021) to study the etiological agents, sex, age and breeds’ susceptibility to dermatopathological lesions in canines. The age-wise incidence showed highest occurrence in dogs aged upto 1 year (31.37%). The occurence of skin lesions were more in males (78.4%) as compared to females (21.56%). The incidence of skin infections (bacterial, parasitic and fungal infections) were highest in the non descript breeds (45%). Among exotic breeds, the incidence was more in Labrador breed (25.49%).

Estimation of genetic parameters is important to determine the selection criterion and future breeding strategies. Jersey × Red Sindhi crosses are milk-purpose breeds of cattle and are popular among farmers for their high milk yield and efficient reproduction. The term “repeatability” refers to an animal’s likelihood of performing similarly to or better than the herd average in her next lactation than she did in her previous lactation. It’s usually calculated as an intra-herd correlation or a correlation between recordings from the same animal over multiple lactations. To maximize the profitability of dairy crossbred cattle, getting a better understanding of the factors that influence reproduction is critical. Skilled people raised and cared for the animals in identical feeding and management conditions. Calving interval (CI), service period (SP), dry period (DP), and daysopen were the reproductive features investigated. The data revealed that the repeatability (r) with standard error (SE) for the calving interval (0.60± 0.71), service period (0.20, 0.140), dry period (0.14, ± 0.33) and days-open (0.94 0.14), had moderate repeatability. The calving interval, service period with low repeatability, dry period, and days open with high repeatability are all variables to consider.

A 3 year old German shepherd dog was presented with a history of inability of penis to retract into prepuce after coitus, dysuria, and anorexia with abducted hind limbs. The protruded penis was dry, oedematous and congested with dark purple patches. Manual conservative treatment using hygroscopic agents was failed to reduce the size of the penis. Hence it was treated by aspiration of blood that was blocked in cavernous spaces of penis, replaced it in preputial sheath after preputiotomy and closed with purse string sutures. By prompt post operative measures and antibiotic treatment, the dog recovered well.