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Buffalo (Bubalus bubalis), also called black gold is an important species of husbandry animal in Nepal. Its multi utility roles in agriculture economy goes beyond providing milk, meat, manure, and draught power in many developing countries including Nepal. Buffalo faming is picking up commercial trend but issues, increasing cost of inputs, increasing resistance and troubleshooting of infective agents remains major hurdles to economic returns. A cross-sectional study using structured questionnaire survey was conducted to determine the incidence of reproductive disorders in dairy buffaloes and its associated risk factors in Sudoor Paschim Province (SPP) of Nepal from November 2020 to February 2021. Out of 389 dairy buffaloes under investigation, 220 (56.56%) had encountered at least one of the reproductive disorders. The major reproductive disorders reported in the present study included repeat breeding (24.94%), followed by cervico-vaginal prolapse (8.23%), retention of placenta (6.68%), uterine prolapse (5.40%), dystocia (4.63%), abortion (2.83%), uterine torsion (2.57%) and still birth (1.29%). Overall, it is suggested that improvement in management system, breeding system, accurate heat detection, balanced feeding, and hygienic condition should be done to minimize the reproductive health disorders in buffaloes of Sudoor Paschim Province.

The present study was conducted to observe the effect of percoll density gradient centrifugation on quality of semen. Ejaculates were collected by AV method from Sahiwal bulls. X-sperm enrichment was done by percoll density gradient method i.e. 7 layers (70-10%). Centrifugation was done at 750 g (22-24°C) for 15 min. The pellets obtained were diluted in EYC medium. Semen quality was evaluated in fresh semen (Control), in pellet of normal centrifugation (Group I), supernatant of centrifugation in percoll density gradient (Group II) and pellet of centrifugation in percoll density gradient (Group III). To assess the quality of enriched semen pH, mass motility, progressive motility, live spermatozoa %, abnormal spermatozoa %, HOST % and intact acrosome % were evaluated. Number of progressively motile sperms in pellet of X- enriched semen were non-significantly increased and significantly (P<0.05) decreased in supernatant. The abnormal spermatozoa (%) were decreased in G III as compared to G II Live spermatozoa (%) were increased in enriched semen (pellet). Number of Intact sperms decreased significantly (P<0.05) in supernatant of percoll density gradient centrifuged Sahiwal semen. HOST responsive sperms number was not affected after percoll density gradient centrifugation. Thus, the semen quality of X-sperm enriched semen by percoll density gradient method (7 layer 70%) was not affected hence it can be used to increase female calves’ birth after A.I.

Lumpy skin disease (LSD) is one of the most economically valuable transboundary and OIE-listed diseases caused by Capripoxvirus in the family Poxviridae. LSD should always be included in the differential diagnosis when cattle exhibit tiny nodules development in the head, neck, udder, rump, perineum, and leg area and elevated body temperature, respiration, and salivation. The economic potential of these diseases is of significant concern, provided that they threaten international trade and could be used as economic bioterrorism agents. Because of the scarcity of reliable vaccinations and the widespread poverty in rural areas, capripoxviruses appear to be spreading more widely. The best treatment for reducing the risk factors for the disease could be strict quarantine, vector control, and prophylactic vaccination. The goal of the current study is to give the information that is currently available on the disease’s various aspects, including its clinicopathology, method of transmission, possible treatments, and diagnostic procedures.

The present communication describes partial percutaneous fetotomy and per-vaginal delivery of emphysematous fetus in non-descript biparous ewe due to delayed approach to veterinarian by owner. It was successfully relieved by fetotomy and obstetrical mutational operations followed by clinical management  of  the  animal.

A nondescript sow with the history of delivering eight piglets and one remain in uterus since three days but unable to deliver was reported. The case was diagnosed as dystocia due to uterine inertia and laparohysterotomy was performed under general anesthesia, one male dead piglet was recovered successfully. The animal showed uneventful recovery.

The present finding of a case reports revealed successful management of per-vaginal delivery of an indigenous male calf with multiple congenital anomalies like hydrocephalus, ankylosis and brachygnathism.