Today a number of organisations are increasingly recognising the need for introducing organisational development initiatives in their enterprises to improve their functioning. Organizational development can be defined as a planned process of introducing change in an organization’s culture through the use of behavioural science technology, theory and research. To develop an organizational module, the management by objective (MBO) technique was used. This approach uses strategically planned objectives to impact managerial performance and effectiveness. The intervention developed using this technique has been divided into a 12 step module uniquely addressing to different dimensions of organisational development which impact work functioning. The first day of the training begins with two ice breaking exercises to introduce participants to each other and build familiarity. Next, an individual counselling session was kept to address the key issue and concerns of the employees. The last session of the day was Johari window - an interactive fun activity to gain insights about one’s potential and other’s perspectives about oneself; such activities tend to keep participants interested. For day two, the follow was to develop friendships and team work. The mine field activity and seek a peak activity aimed at enhancing interpersonal relationships by promoting helping behaviour in work place. This was followed by the back of the napkin game which promotes of the box thinking and collaborative effort. The last session of the day was a panel discussion to help employees gain a holistic understanding of organisational issues after hearing different expert opinions on it. Finally, the third day of the module started with a collective problem solving activity, followed by a conflict resolution exercise to teach employees manage work disputes. To ensure smooth flow of work, it is important that different departments/groups within the organisation synergies with each other; for this reason team role development exercise was employed. The module was ended with a final relaxation exercise after a tiring day of training.

This article explores co-curricular and extra-curricular activities and benefits in Telangana Social Welfare Residential Educational Institutions. This paper describes the activities and benefits to students against the background of acquisition of skills for the 21st century. Teachers and students of residential schools are working day and night with a dedication to catapult the Society to the global map within six years. The society schools carved a niche for itself by its seamless experimentation and syncing with the emerging trends in the education space. The Residential schools are committed for the overall social, physical, educational and emotional well-being of the students. TSWREIS has brought out the academic calendar with a comprehensive framework on curricular and Co-Curricular and student-centric programs. Co-curricular and Extra-curricular activity may have an important role to play in the health and well-being of students. Many new academic programs, both co-curricular and extra-curricular activities were incorporated into the academic calendar and promoting a unique teaching and learning environment which empowers students. The residential campus life is vibrant, and the students benefit from a comprehensive range of curricular, co-curricular and extra-curricular activities. The Society has introduced programs like Saturday Clubs, Language, DEAR Time, Diary Writing, Mirror project, Healthy Tuesdays, DEAP Time, Dramatics, Mock Programs, School garage, Community Out Reach Programs, Swatch Saturday, School museum, Moot Court, Mock Election and Youth Parliament. This study adopted a descriptive survey method to analyze the data collected through interviews and questionnaires from teachers and students and found there is a significant development in education achievement, cultural values and personality development.

Life Skills Education is a value addition programme for children and youth to understand self and enable them to analyze their capacity to enhance the function in most productive way so they empower efficiently in challenging situations. Life Skills include psychosocial competencies and interpersonal skills that help people make informed decisions, solve problems, think critically and creatively, communicate effectively, build healthy relationships, empathize with others, and manage their lives in a healthy and productive manner. Life Skills are needed at all stages and phases of life, but it becomes important for children and adolescents because this is crucial stage on which future of individual depends. The Life Skills programme is a very important and integral part of the educational system worldwide. It is a school based programme where Life Skills are imparted in a supportive learning environment. The Central Board of Secondary Education (CBSE), India has introduced Life Skills Education as an integral part of its curriculum and provides guidelines for transaction of the ten core Life Skills. Though Life skills are often learned indirectly through experience and practice but it would be enhanced directly by implementing through a dedicated Life skills curriculum by using proper and suitable transaction methods. In school based programme to teach Life Skills in supportive leaning environment teacher’s role is very crucial. Teachers should be act as positive role models for students as Life Skills are better caught then taught. So it is significant to know what strategies teachers build to inculcate the Life Skills among students. The present paper focuses on the ten core Life Skills necessary for students and the strategies used by CBSE teachers at upper primary level of Varanasi City to transact and internalize these Life Skills among students. Survey method was used for the study. Sample consisted of 225 teachers teaching at upper primary level from 31 CBSE schools selected purposively. Content analysis was used to analyse data obtained from questionnaire prepared by reseacher, frequency and percentage were calculated. The findings provide information regarding strategies practiced by CBSE teachers would be helpful for designing Life Skills Training Module.

Environmental Informatics is an important interdisciplinary practicing field and rising in the recent past. It is the combination of Environmental Science and Information Science; and more clearly it is the applications of Information Technology in different aspects of Environment, Nature and Ecology. Information Technology applications are rising in different areas and environments and nature is no exception. There are numerous reasons in which Information Science or Informatics can be applied. And thus, indirectly in it applicable in other different areas viz. Geology, Geography, Climatology, Oceanography,Agriculture, Forestry,etc are also important stakeholders of Environmental Informatics. There are various places in which IT, Computing and similar technologies can be applied or task can be better, smoother and effective than the traditional systems. Apart from the traditional Computing and IT components many latest can get the benefits of Environmental Informatics. There are similar branches which are also alternatively useful in environmental management. This paper is a case study on Environmental Informatics including its features, types, role and stakeholders and functions, etc in brief.

The most common psychological problems of college students are depression. Today depression is the serious issue in the world. Every nation invest a lot of money to solve psychological problems, depression is one of them. Research survey on college student’s reports there will be 10 to 20 % of student population suffering from psychological problems (Stress, Anxiety & Depression). So those kinds of problems are creating a barrier on the way of all round development. Depression is a serious illness among the students and long time depression has the causes of mental disorder. The aim of this study was to measure the depression among the college students and find out the significance of difference between male-female, rural-urban, science-arts, Hindu-Muslim students with regard to depression. The aim of this study also finds out the significance of difference on the basis of social class, academic years and job satisfaction with regards to depression. Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) was employed to measure the degree of depression and 160 students in arts and science streams were taken as representative sample of the whole population. The results presented that level of depression among college students and found that out of 160, 16.88 % students are Minimal Depression, 35.62% students are Mild Depression, 41.25% students are Moderate Depression and the percentage of High level of Depression is 6.25. It is found that there is significant difference exists between Rural and Urban College students with regard to depression. The study revealed that there is no significant difference exists between gender (Male & Female), religion (Hindu & Muslim) and Stream (Science & Arts) students with regards to depression. The study also revealed that there is no significant difference on the basis of social class, academic years and job satisfaction with regards to depression.

The present study was designed to study academic stress and emotional intelligence among college students. In order to conduct the study, six degree colleges of Jalandhar city were selected randomly. From these six colleges, 300 students were selected randomly for the study. The scale of emotional intelligence and academic stress i.e. Emotional Intelligence Scale (EIS) by Anukool Hyde, Sanjyot Pethe & Upinder Dhar (2001) and Bisht Battery of stress scale (BBSS) by Abha Rani Bisht (Almora) were administered on selected sample. Thus the data obtained was analysed using descriptive statistics. Relevant means, S.D’s, t values & 3x2 ANOVA were computed to draw the conclusions. The analysis of data significantly concluded that the students from science stream experience high stress as compared to students from humanities and commerce streams. Further it was found that emotional intelligence of students has got significant effect on their academic stress. The students with low emotional intelligence reported high academic stress as compared to the students with high emotional intelligence.

Environmental education has been introduced as a regular course in formal school education system following the directive of the Honourable Supreme Court of India. The research work aimed to assess the level of environmental awareness and the existing environmental friendly activities among the students of High Schools. The population for the study was the students of schools in Delhi covering IX and X class. This study is primarily based on field survey, wherein students responded to predefined questionnaire covering environment aspects. The survey was conducted during May 2019. A total of 160 students were randomly selected and students responded voluntarily. Questionnaire was compiled to assess student’s environmental behaviour, attitude, information sources and demographic information. It has been observed that students highly support the environmental attitude and have sound behaviours towards their actions effecting the environment. The study highlighted that many young minds adapted an environmentally friendly attitude and the green attitude is clearly visible in their actions.

The purpose of the present research is to examine out implementation status of Right to Education (RTE) Act 2009 in Andhra Pradesh. The study also embodied a sizeable primary data, which is collected by way of canvassing a questionnaire among selected respondents. The data was collected in public and private schools in two selected Districts of Andhra Pradesh. Based on the key indicators of elementary education, one dominated performed district and one meager performed district in Andhra Pradesh state were selected for sample of the study. According primary data analysis, the enrollment status is quite satisfactory under RTE regime while the pupil-teacher ratio is 1:11, which is not as per RTE norms. During RTE three is improvement in physical infrastructure and human resources, besides effective implementation of the Act is obligatory. The study reveals that majority of students responded positively regarding Teaching Learning – Quality Indicators and provisions. It is observed from the teacher’s response, majority of sample schools constituted School Management Committee and the schools management also satisfied with the functioning of School Management Committee. Majority of schools have held Parent-Teacher-Student (PTS) meetings and the frequency of PTS meetings is once in year. The RTE Act has met with success in achieving some of the goals with which it started in the year 2010. Many of the states have been successful in ensuring RTE recommendations. Besides the success of RTE Act, the present study has found gaps in elementary education after its implementation.

This paper focuses on comparing the effectiveness of smart classroom over traditional classroom in terms of academic achievement and its relation to intelligence.40 students of class VIII of age 13-15 years were selected, for the study and two groups were formed of 20 students each in experimental and control group. Experimental group was taught through Smart Board technology Classroom and control group through traditional classroom.The Jalota’s Group test of General Mental Ability was employed. The analysis of data was done by finding out the correlation coefficient between the intelligence and academic achievement and the “t-values” were calculated to be significant difference.The main findings of the study are that there is positive correlation between intelligence and academic achievement.When students studied through smart classroom technology it was found that academic achievement was better in relation to intelligence.

Agitation over the implementation of Mondal Commission reservation policy in Indian states & union in education & jobs was also a reality in early nineties a section of the prominent Indian are against the reservation. Their opinion is that the present government must think seriously about reconsideration of reservation benefits enjoying by a section of Indian . After implementation of 27% reservation to the notified castes and communities in all religions, around 97% of all jobs and admission in educational institutions at the Central establishments for OBC has gone to 656 sub caste out of 2633 notified OBC castes under Central notified castes /classes. In the A & N islands the inclusion of the communities in the ambit of OBC reservation is something unique. The islands society is a casteless and classless society. Now granting of reservation for economically poor within the upper castes by 124th Amendment of Constitution has further diluted the caste discrimination. Those were strongly against the any kind of quota system are now agitating for reservation benefits i.e. quotas for “us” are always justified. Every section of the society wants to get the benefit of reservation by forgetting their caste hierarchy. However, the case of receiving the benefit of reservation by dominant class or upper castes would never eliminate discrimination of caste hierarchy from Indian society.

India is a country with high gender disparity in literacy. As per Census 2011, overall literacy rate of India is 74.04% whereas the male and female literacy rate is 82.14% and 65.46% respectively. Among all states, Kerala is on the top, where as the state Bihar is on the bottom. In addition, the northern states especially Haryana, Punjab and Rajasthan also show a clear picture of gender disparity in literacy. In Haryana, male literacy rate is 84.06% and female literacy rate is 65.94% respectively. In Punjab, male literacy rate is 80.44% and female literacy rate is 70.73% respectively. Further, in Rajasthan male literacy rate is 79.11% and female literacy is 52.12% respectively. This shows the high gender disparity in literacy among these states. Despite the number of efforts made at national and state level, the gender disparity in literacy still exist in Indian society. The present study is an attempt to find out the gender disparity in literacy at district level. The study is based upon Sopher’s method to calculate disparity in literacy. The study found leading and laggard districts in terms of gender disparity in education and suggests policy implications for centre and state governments.

Students with diverse abilities are increasingly present in primary and secondary schools. The inflow of special need students in the mainstream schools is become a challenge for in-service as well as new coming teachers. A teacher must know how to deal and cope up with different learning needs. The importance of the tool was to explore the competencies (knowledge, skill, attitude) of inclusive teachers who are working with students with diverse abilities in regular classroom. The purpose of this research was to develop a tool to assess teachers’ competencies with respect to knowledge, skill, attitude. A total of 50 teachers from 5 schools participated. Result showed that developed tool was effective to check competencies required for inclusive teacher.

The aim of the study was to analyse the significant difference in the level of Neuroticism, Extraversion, Openness, Agreeableness, Conscientiousness, Anxiety and Stress in accordance to gender and how personality types are related to Anxiety and Stress. Personality is the dynamic organisation within the individual of those psychophysical system that determine his characteristics behaviour and thought (Allport, 1961). Stress is our responses to events that disrupt, our physical and psychological functioning (Lazarus & Folkman, 1984; Taylor, 1991). Anxiety is the increased arousal accompanied by generalized feelings of fear or apprehension (Baron, 1999). This study was conducted on 120 young adults aged 18 to 26 years, out of which 60 were males and 60 were females, through purposive sampling technique. The Neo Five Factor Inventory (Costa, 1978), Beck Anxiety Inventory (Beck, 1993) and the Perceived Stress Scale (Cohen, 1983) were used to collect data. Data were analysed using mean, one-way ANOVA and Pearson’s product moment correlation. Result proves that, there is no significant difference in Neuroticism, Extraversion, Openness, Agreeableness, Conscientiousness, Anxiety and Stress among young adults across gender. There is a correlation between Neuroticism and Stress among young adults. There is a correlation between Neuroticism and Anxiety among young adults. There is a correlation between Conscientiousness and Anxiety among young adults. There is a correlation between Anxiety and Stress among young adults.

The private vs. public debate is largely misleading for two main reasons. First, the obstacles to water and sanitation infrastructure development are largely unrelated to ownership. Private sector participation brings to light the tensions that the development of water infrastructure generates, tensions that remain largely hidden when infrastructure is kept closely in the public sector. In that sense, most recommendations to optimize private sector participation, including the OECD Principles, remain relevant tools to facilitate infrastructure development projects regardless of the partners.

An alarming event in human lives recently has been the sudden breakout of the novel corona-virus pandemic. This pandemic has made us feel that in-campus teaching can’t work in the current situation. The big shift, a shift in the use of technology which we have seen in teaching in recent times has become the trend. Thus schools have been converted into the digital space. Consequently, teachers started using different virtual platforms, social media and online meeting platforms without proper training, and institutional support. During the epidemic, education is going through different problems and unprecedented concerns. Multiple positive or negative impacts can be seen due to lockdowns which forced us to think about how we can strengthen the education system. This pandemic also exposed how we were under prepared to deal with such an emerging crisis in education. This paper highlighted the trends that emerged during the pandemic and the impact of Covid-19 on education. Also, various concerns related to online education are illustrated and suggestions for government, stakeholders, and teachers are also given.

Teaching requires expertness which proliferates over the time. Professional development refers to skills and knowledge attained for personal as well as career development. Continuous professional development of teachers is the need of the hour because the students have to face the ever changing world. The knowledge domain, lifelong learning, pedagogy, information and communication technology, communication are the core areas which should be addressed through professional development programmes of teachers.For transacting the professional development programmes agencies like NCERT, State Education Departments, Centre of Advanced Studies in Education etc. undertake the responsibilities.

The entire world is going through a completely new and strange situation due to COVID-19 pandemic which has thrown the system of higher education out of gear. Final year/semester students are anxious about whether examinations will be conducted or not. There are contradictory opinions about this from various sections and stakeholders. Hence, purely due to academic curiosity, the present study was undertaken to ascertain whether there is any consistency of average performance of students over different semesters with their final CGPA. For this purpose, 253 engineering students were selected randomly. The study adopted the ex-post-facto method. The data were analysed using the t-test. It was found that (a) When students are coming to the university from a junior college in their first year of engineering, they are new to the system and its requirements and need time to adjust to a new system. Hence, the inclusion of first year performance does not show any consistency with the final CGPA (b) There is a consistency in average performance of the entire sample of students considered from Semester 2 to 7 and 3 to 7 with their final CGPA since the average performance of semesters 2 to 7 or semesters 3 to 7 does not show significant difference with the final CGPA. Therefore, if final year examination is not conducted, then the university can declare results on the basis of consistency in the average performance of either semesters 2 to 7 or 3 to 7 (c) The average of semesters 1 to 7, 4 to 7, 5 to 7 and 6 to 7, does not show consistency with the final CGPA of the total sample of students and (d) It implies that consistency matters in average performance of students over semesters 2 to 7 or 3 to 7 vis-à-vis final CGPA.

This paper is an attempt to present an analysis of Teacher Effectiveness and its correlation with the Quality of their Work Life. Educators (teachers) have been considered as an impetus for various social reformations that take place in a cohesion. Teaching,even today is a noble profession and teacher an epitome of nobility. With the new education policy announced by the Indian government, status of the teacher would further be reinstated as an esteemed and indispensable element of the society. Teachers play a pivotal role in shaping the future of the country and therefore it is important to empower them to carry out their responsibilities effectively. Teachers, being idolized by many, need to be effective, present high quality standards and set a benchmark for others to follow. The purpose of conducting this study was to know whether teacher effectiveness / ineffectiveness ameliorates the quality of their work life. Teacher Effectiveness means professional commitment and teachers’ sense of responsibility in executing instructions assessing her mental, physical and emotional health. Teacher effectiveness affects the quality of their work life which is considered – a process by which an organization responds to teachers need allowing them to design their lives at work. The present study used the correlational method to assess the statistical relationship between the two variables – Teacher Effectiveness and Quality of Work Life. The sample of 393 teachers from English Medium Schools of Greater Mumbai was considered for the study. The findings of the study highlights a significant low relationship between the variables Teacher Effectiveness and Quality of Work life.

Majority of the human resource for the effective working of the engine of growth of a country emanates from the higher education system of a country. But the falling quality of output from the Higher education system in India is presenting a major challenge and concern in front of the policy makers. Falling quality among the Higher education system can be judged by observing various major indicators some of which are, the inefficiency of Higher education system in generating employment opportunities and development of output which is not only poor in hard skills but also lacks soft skills which are essential for the growth and development of the human resource. To deal with this issue it is important to look at the root cause of the problem. The present study focuses on the root cause of such problems which apparently is hidden in the school education system in the country.

Enhancing the employability skills is considered as the important; the question that arises is whether India is actually creating enough jobs for its youth. For the 104.62 million fresh talents likely to enter India’s labour market by 2022, the country would need to generate 8.1 million jobs annually. Failing to this objective will only add to the country’s increasing unemployment rate that reached 6.1% in 2017-18 fiscal, despite technological developments. Through this research paper authors want to explore the role of teachers with special reference to graduate students. This paper consist concept of employability, role of teachers in employability and factors affecting employability.

Now-a-days computers and internet provides oceans of information to the learners at their fingertips. Therefore, to maintain the pace with the present generation of learner who are digital natives, the real challenge is faced by the teacher. The conventional role of teacher to provide information has shifted to a role of mentor or a facilitator. Teaching science with conventional method at Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) often involves lectures being given to a large group of students accompanied by practicals, workshops and with some independent study. But teaching science in the 21st century must include teaching them to think, acquire, solve the real life problem and make knowledgeable conclusions. It is important to inculcate the qualities like inquiry and critical thinking amongst students, as these skills are useful to students from school to career. Research-Based Pedagogical Tools (RBPTs) are research as a pedagogical tool to build an environment for the students which promotes learners to think beyond the textbooks and do some research to understand the concept in more concrete way. In this paper we will discuss about elements of research-based pedagogical tools for teaching science at higher educational institutes.

The teachers engaged in teaching at the secondary level play a very important role in the entire education process. Teachers deeply committed to their profession and content with their work tend to play a more constructive role in the lives of their students. The present study was aimed at investigating the professional commitment and job satisfaction of secondary school teachers and the relationship between them. The study was conducted on 98 secondary school teachers from Bareilly district. The Professional Commitment Scale for Teachers (PCST) developed by Ravinder Kaur, Sarbjit Kaur Ranu and Sarvjeet Kaur Brar and Job Satisfaction Questionnaire (JSQ) developed by Dr. Pramod Kumar and D. N. Mutha were employed to collect data for the present investigation. Statistical measures of mean, S.D., t-test and Pearson’s product moment correlation were employed to analyze the raw scores so obtained and draw inferences. The findings of the present investigation reveal that while gender and length of teaching experience influenced the professional commitment of secondary school teachers, the type of school did not have any significant effect. Also gender, type of school and length of teaching experience were found to be significant factors which influence the job satisfaction of the secondary school teachers. The professional commitment and job satisfaction of the secondary school teachers was also found to be having a strong positive correlation.

Literature shows teachers face ethical quandaries bombarding them every day in theirprofessional life. Reports reveal unprofessional behaviour among teachers. To adequately deal with these challenges teachers must get trained in professional ethics.However, evidences suggest inadequate attention paid to ethics training in teacher education programs. The present paper makes an attempt to study professional ethics, its early habituation and proposes an improved case analysis as a suitable approach for delivering training in professional ethics tailored to teaching practices.

The present research was focused on studying the infrastructure facilities and human resource available for conducting NIOS D.El.Ed. Blended MOOCs Programme (2017-19), analysing its mechanism as well as studying the changes in the ODL D.El.Ed. programme due to integration of MOOCs online courses. The data were collected through structured interview with the coordinator of NIOS D.El.Ed. programme (2017-2019) at NIOS headquarter, coordinators of the regional centres and the students (in-service primary school teachers) and counsellors of the regional centres included in the sample. It was found that NIOS D.El.ED. Blended MOOCs Programme (2017-19) was conducted through direct counselling sessions, personal contact programme, school-based activities, workshops for practical work, SWAYAM MOOCs courses and SWAYAM PRABHA audio-video lessons. Many students of D.El.Ed. programme felt the online courses available on SWAYAM portalas an extra work and waste of time. Some of them opined that the course material on SWAYAM should have also been developed in as many regional languages of India as possible so that it could easily outreach Indian villages. The students, coordinators and counsellors, however, appreciated that SAWAYM is making rapid inroads into the near future in the field of open and distance teacher education. They were also of the view point that SWAYAM platform should be developed as Web 2.0 platform where students/participants would also have the opportunity to contribute to the development of quality course material.

Subject like mathematics required constant teacher-student 2F2 engagement. Teacher writes mathematics formulas on blackboard and explains step by step while students try to understand the complex metrics hidden in the formulas. Teacher also observes the facial expressions of students and clear doubts instantly. But during Covid-19, whole world is compelled to teach all subjects online. As of today many online platforms are available for mathematics, but the ground reality is, the majority of teachers and students not only prepared for online teaching learning but also not having the knowledge of online apps and software to use it. This study critically examines how online mathematics teaching-learning processes facilitated with available digital gadgets, used via internet without any proper training. Further examines what kind of challenges and advantages experience by online teacher-learner respondents. This study also gathered opinions about tailor made apps from teachers and learners those who have tried. The outcome of this research study indicates positive valid suggestions to improve online teaching-learning strategies as experienced by the different respondents. The study suggest that there is urgent need to develop and offer free orientation training programs by Digital India initiatives to primary, secondary, senior secondary and higher level students.

The role of resources in teaching and learning process in schools cannot be emphasized. As a developing country, Nigeria is striving to improve its education system for the knowledge era. Resource utilization, curriculum innovation and professional development courses are integral to improve educational practices as they empower teachers with knowledge and skills required for integrating education and society. Such moves and actions need to be guided with research. The education practices in Nigeria need to be sound and grounded. This paper is concerned with the importance of the use of resources for effective understanding of school science with special reference to biology. It identified necessary resources, constraints and how to select and use resources for effective teaching and learning of biology. The selection and utilization of any resources depends on the specific features of a particular topic. Therefore, different sets of resources and strategies are needed to teach different topics.

Since the very dawn of the human civilization, teacher occupied a pivotal place in the spectrum of education. A teacher is a nation-builder, social architect and torch- bearer of a society. Teaching profession is considered to be one of the noblest professions. The term in-service teacher education or continuing education in a broad sense includes all experiences and activities provided to the teachers and designed to promote personal and professional growth. The District Institute of Education and Training (DIETS) were first established on the recommendations of the National Policy on Education (NPE) 1986 for imparting training to the teachers at Elementary level. The Present study was undertaken to study the educational problems of DIET trainees and to evolve insights and mechanisms to mitigate these problems.

This article explores the programs and facilities available for teacher empowerment in Telangana Social Welfare Residential Educational Institutions (TSWREIS) and quality based education to the marginalized children. This paper analyses the professional development of teachers against the background of acquisition of skills for the 21st century. Teachers and students of TSWREIS are working day and night with the dedication to propel the Society to the global map within six years. The TSWREIS carved a niche for itself by its seamless experimentation and syncing with the emerging trends in the education space. Residential schools achieved 96.63% in SSC, 84.31% in Intermediate and about 85% in Degree results in the academic year 2018-19. In 2019, 53 students got admission into MBBS, 20 in IIT’s, 48 in NIT besides getting admissions in professional institutions like Delhi University, Ajim Premji University, and TATA Institute of Social Sciences. The National Curricular Framework of India (NCF) states clear expectations for teachers to move away from teacher-centred instructional approaches to student-centred teaching that involves children in active engagement through inquiry, questioning, debates, exploration, application and reflection, leading to theory building and the creation of new ideas. Teachers are the most significant influence on student learning. To produce good students, an institute needs to have good teachers, those who are continuously learning and enhancing their skills. Society is investing time and money in the development of their teachers. As teachers learn and augment their skills, they are more likely to be engaged in their jobs, engage better in the classroom.

Today technology is an inherent part of our lives. All the organizations have identified the importance of Information and Communication Technology (ICT). ICT playsan important role in improvement of educational sector too.ICT helps us in getting information from all over the world. It helps us to bring the world under one roof. Thus the students in the school need to be trained in ICT and its use. With this in view Government of Maharashtra in India introduced ICT as a subject for Std. IX students of Secondary School Certificate (SSC) Board in aided as well as unaided schools. This study deals with the impact of this newly introduced ICTsubject on Std. IX students’ self-regulation and its seven dimensions. It is an outcome evaluation study. 1041 students from 21 SSC Board schools from Greater Mumbai were the respondents. Comparison of self- regulation of students from different type of schools indicates that unaided school students are better in their self-regulation.

Sustainable development is the need to integrate social, environmental, and economic concerns so as to arrive at development paths which meet the needs of present generations, without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs. Education for sustainable development is a vision of education that seeks to balance human and economic well-being with cultural traditions and respect for the Earth’s natural resources. It emphasizes aspects of learning that enhance the transition towards sustainability including future education; citizenship education; education for a culture of peace; gender equality and respect for human rights; health education; population education; education for protecting and managing natural resources; and education for sustainable consumption. Education for sustainable development has come to be seen as a process of learning how to make decisions that consider the long term future of the economy, ecology and social well-being of all communities. Building the capacity for such futures-oriented thinking is a key task of education. Education for sustainable development must explore the economic, political and social implications of sustainability by encouraging learners to reflect critically on their own areas of the world, to identify non-viable elements in their own lives and to explore the tensions among conflicting aims. Development strategies suited to the particular circumstances of various cultures in the pursuit of shared development goals will be crucial. Educational approaches must take into account the experiences of indigenous cultures and minorities, acknowledging and facilitating their original and important contributions to the process of sustainable development.

The aim of present paper was to study the influence of Cognitive Style, Achievement in Science and their Interaction on Scientific Creativity of secondary school students. Total 205 students of classes IX and X (mean age 14.8 Years) studying in schools affiliated to Central Board of Secondary Education were taken as sample. Standardized tools, namely, Group Embedded Figures Test by Witkin, Oltman, Raskin and Karp (1971), Scientific Creativity Test by Majumdar (1982) were used to collect data. Marks of students from school records were taken as a measure of their achievement in science. The data were analysed using 2 × 3 Analysis of Variance. Field Independent Students had significantly higher Scientific Creativity than Field Dependent Students. Also, Students with High Achievement in Science had significantly higher scientific creativity than students with Low Achievement in Science.

There is an increase in the use of technology via smartphones among students in present times. Sociologically analyzing, physical objects, techniques, and artifacts are manmade capacities that are meant to make life practicable. Values and beliefs are the guiding principles decisive in day to day aspect of life. Also, they are non-physical capacities that contribute to shaping up the culture. This investigation assimilated these concepts into smartphone application values, that was designed to assess and examine values persuaded in using a smartphone application for university students. The objective of the study was to examine the difference concerning gender and subject stream for values namely, knowledge, economic, aesthetic, social, political, nationalistic, creative, and humanistic. The data were collected utilizing researchers developed Smartphone Application Value Assessment Scale.

The purpose of the present study is to investigate the relationship between anxiety and socio-economic status of adolescents of Amritsar city. The present study also examined the gender differences with respect to anxiety and socio-economic status among adolescents. For this, 200 respondents from Amritsar city of Punjab state were selected. The results of the study reveals no significant difference in boys and girls on all the measured variables i.e. anxiety and socio-economic status. The findings of the study further reveal no relationship between anxiety and socio-economic status.

No one in this entire world, including India had experienced a situation like lockdown which came up suddenly and took people unawares. Educational institutions too were badly affected by this. The researchers being teachers themselves were curious to know whether students undertake any physical activities during lockdown and if so, what type of activities were undertaken. For this purpose, an online exploratory survey was conducted on 403 college students using available sampling technique. It was found that (i) A large majority of the students do not have medical problems, (ii) A large majority of the students are either happy or indifferent towards lockdown, (iii) A large majority of the students do some kind of exercise during lockdown, (iv) Majority of the students do not do Yogasana, (v) About one-third of the students do some form of Pranayama such as Kapalbhati, Anulom-Vilom, Ujjayani, Sheetali and Sheetkari, (vi) Only one-eighth of the students work on treadmill and one-third of the students do weight-training during lockdown, (vii) About one fourth of students do meditation during lockdown, (viii) About half the students in the survey state that they have gained weight or may have gained weight during lockdown and (ix) In other words, it may be concluded that relatively fewer students are conscious about benefits of physical activities. Colleges need to prepare and motivate students for maintaining health through curriculum and co-curricular activities on a regular basis.

Learning science can be made more interesting by providing the students hands on experience through experimentation and project work etc. This is especially true for science laboratories where students get a chance to test their ideas and learn difficult science concepts by performing experiments. Science laboratories have become a very important part of learning science in schools and thus students’ perceptions of their science laboratory learning environments would provide valuable insights as to how science laboratories can be further improved and the right kind of environment is created that fosters learning. This study, which is the first of its kind in India, reports the use of the modified form of Science Laboratory Learning Environment Inventory (SLEI) for assessing the students’ perceptions of their learning environments in General Science laboratories. Analysis of data of 460 students from higher secondary classes i.e. grades 10th to 12th provides evidence for the reliability and validity of the questionnaire for use in Indian school settings. The same data is also used for studying gender differences and the associations between students’ perceptions of their science laboratory learning environments with their attitude towards science.

Research is not only fact finding endeavour but research is a comprehensive, creative and continuous process which establishes true connectivity among various phenomena. It also helps us to generate new strategies of knowledge creation and advancement of knowledge that lead us to overcome a problem through rigorous inquiry. As such our common goal is that we must conduct an effective research in pursuit of original research works. Through this study the authors being experienced practitioners of research intend to suggest and share snippets of their thought regarding some important criterion of effective research. Obviously the writers have culled inputs both from primary as well as secondary sources. But basically this writing is the result of their collective thought exercise and the root of their views lay grounded in every day academic situation and interactions with host of young researchers.

A main objective of the present study was to know the problems of Teacher educator of Self-Finance college of Education during COVID-19 Pandemic situation. COVID-19 pandemic seems to be having a huge impact on Indian education system. The study was taken following objectives: 1. To study the Academic problems of Teacher educator of Self-Finance college of Education during COVID-19 Pandemic situation. 2. To study the Financial problems of Teacher educator of Self-Finance college of Education during COVID-19 Pandemic situation. 3. To study of problems regarding admission procedure of Self-Finance college of Education during COVID-19 Pandemic situation. 4. To suggest expected changes in Teacher Education. Sample consisted 100 teacher educators. Problem Scale (PS) was developed by investigators themselves. Survey type research method was used. Data were collected from sample by Rating Scale. Collected data were analyzed by statistical technique percentage and frequency. Finding revealed that many problems are faced by teacher educator of Self-Finance college of education during COVID-19 Pandemic situation.

The present study was conducted to find out the role of self-concept, classroom environment and parental involvement in the academic achievement of Malayalam and English medium secondary level students. The sample for the study was collected from various schools of Malabar region in the state of Kerala. Sample consists of 600 secondary school students who pursue education in Malayalam and English medium schools of which 300 are Malayalam medium students and 300 are English medium students. Different standardized tools were used to measure the self-concept, classroom environment and parental involvement; and the score of annual examination was taken as the indicator of academic achievement. Mean standard deviation, t-test, z-test and stepwise regression analysis were used for analyzing data. The study revealed that all the three variables significantly predict the academic achievement of the students for Malayalam and English medium groups. After classroom environment which is the highest predictor for both the groups, self-concept plays more important role in the prediction for Malayalam medium students whereas parental involvement plays more important role in the prediction for English medium students.

Schools as institutions of education were first established in Heian Period (794-1185). In the capital a college termed daigaku, and in the provinces provincial schools called kokugaku, were set up. The nobles studied poetry and music following the pattern of study of T’ang China. The system of schools based on T’ang system and the schools of the capital were very well organized for the children of the nobility. It appeared that the education of the nobility took an extremely classical form based on Chinese classics. This article deals with various aspects of Heian education system characterized by Chinese and Japanese classics. The main objective of this paper is how the education of nobilities played an important role in unique life of the court noble that had the power to govern and how the education of the nobility was unique in having the life of the court as its foundation.

From the sociological point of view, education means the process of the development of the character and personality of the individual by means of the social life obtaining in social institutions. The situations that arise in society stimulate the powers of the child and this stimulation brings about his/her education. Besides being a process of bringing about certain modifications in the behavior of the child, education is also a means of bringing about certain changes in the life of the society itself. In other sense education is the process of ‘social learning’ which is the result of social interaction and which in turn produces social interaction. It is the educative process which depends on the individual learning and the changes in group behavior through social interaction. The field of education is constantly shifting in accordance with changing economic conditions, demographic data, technological advances, and political debates. These drivers change the ways in which educationists and policy makers must conceptualize and ultimately construct curriculum and assessment. Current education practices need to consider the possible ways that future educational systems can meet, address, and re-envision the concept of education into the next 50 years. This paper attempts to outline the changes in the ways we need to think about education, highlights the possible future conditions that these new ways of thinking create, and conceptualizes a future for education and testing that reconciles new realities with assessment practices.

Ongoing COVID-19 pandemic is served as an opportunity to re-think how emergency education planning can be inclusive of children with disabilities and the need for accessible and inclusive education. As the COVID-19 pandemic continues to spread across the globe, schools are closed in 180 countries, leaving an estimated 1.5 billion children out of school. In addition, 80% of persons with disabilities live in developing countries where access to education is an ongoing challenge. The impact of COVID-19 is likely to be worse for people in lower socio-economic groups, and children with disabilities face an even greater risk of being left behind. In this paper some challenges, ways and strategies are discussed so that we can move the Post COVID-19 agenda forward to make education truly disability inclusive and easier.

With the rapid pace of lives transforming by the means of innovative technologies being introduced into our lives, the rate of people willing to abuse technologies is increasing as well. The motive of method being introduced by me in this paper is to monitor textual conversation of underage adolescents on social media platforms and creating alerts (if found a case of sexual harassment/abuse) through an application. In the proposed method I will be concentrating more on the algorithm used in an application for the classification of textual messages (to provide new insights towards chances of tackling cybercrime) rather than the development of application itself.

Geometry, a branch of Mathematics develops the reasoning and logical thinking power of the child. Nearly every curriculum advisory body gives strong support to the inclusion of informal Geometry in early instruction. But the picture of Geometry is imprecise in relation to learning. In order to fulfil the objectives of Teaching of Geometry, it must be given utmost importance and this can be achieved by developing the Skill of using Geometrical Instruments in an appropriate manner in the learners. The present study titled ‘Use of Worksheets on developing the Skill of Using Geometrical Instruments’ is an experimental study. The population of the study constituted all the students of the Standard Eight of Mangaluru Taluk. Randomly selected sixty students were the sample of the study. An Instructional material consisting of worksheets and lesson plans on the use of commonly used Geometrical Instruments by the students of Standard Eight was prepared by the investigator and was validated. An Achievement test and an Observation Schedule was constructed and validated to measure the Skill of using Geometrical Instruments. The data was analyzed using descriptive statistics namely, mean, median and Standard Deviation. Inferential statistics ‘t’ test was used to test the significance of the difference between the means of scores. Hypotheses were tested at 0.05 level of significance. The study revealed that there is a significant effect of Use of Worksheets on developing the Skill of Using Geometrical Instruments.

This article presents the findings from case study research that was conducted into how the child-centred education policy incorporated within RTE, enacted in India in 2009, is functioning. Interviews were conducted with teachers who worked at different schools in New Delhi, Noida (Uttar Pradesh) and Amritsar (Punjab) with the analytical aim of gaining insights into how the RTE provisions are functioning from their perspectives based on their daily teaching practice. The findings show that the functioning of seven out of eight of the child-centred education provisions of RTE as well as the new role of the Indian teacher as ‘facilitator’ is problematic.

Curriculum development is a need in all educational institutions. At all level some common stages were adopted by many curriculum developers to develop curricula. Here in this paper an attempt has been made to overview some of the stages and provide innovative suggestions which could be useful for developing curricula. In all the stages, adequate steps were provided to enable the curriculum developers to strategize learning experiences in order to achieve the needs of the learner. It is possible for the curriculum developers to make the education system work through given curriculum. Since it is a systematic process, the developers ought to involve some key stakeholders from the grassroots. Involving teachers, parents and learners in the process may be useful to give adequate inputs to develop effective programme.

The aim of the present study is to probe self-efficacy, educational aspiration and academic achievement among secondary school students. In sample selection, random sampling was exercised and final sample comprised 106 boys and 104 girls of IX class of two Government senior secondary schools of Directorate of Education, Delhi. Self-Efficacy Scale (Singh & Narain, 2014) and Educational Aspiration Scale (Sharma & Gupta, 2015) were administered as standardized tools for data collection. Summative Assessment-I scores were used as academic achievement scores. The collected data was analysed by employing t-test and Karl Pearson’s Product Moment Coefficient of Correlation (r). It was found out that girls had statistically significant higher scores in self-efficacy, educational aspiration and academic achievement than boys. A statistically significant positive correlation was found between self-efficacy & educational aspiration, self-efficacy & academic achievement and educational aspiration & academic achievement of secondary school students.

The relationship between learning objective of online learning acquired by students and learning outcome achieved by them is studied through understanding the association 24 factors in learning benefits and learning satisfaction. Learning objective under the research were assumptions or statements which are expected to be achieved by a student or learner at the end of a course or unit or qualification. They can be consequences a student or learner must know, evaluate and be able to exhibit after completion of a process of learning. Association of factors were studied through Exploratory Factor Analysis with principal component with 173 respondents of students with Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin Measure of Sampling Adequacy value of 0.932 and Bartlett’s Test of Sphericity giving 0.00 sig. value. The Cronbach’s alpha is 0.995, which indicates a high level of internal consistency in the variable of study to understand online learning among students. After the rotation and extraction of fixed 3 factor component, given by scree plot and Varimax with Kaiser Normalization, F1 factors are derived comprising of 12 factors. These 12 factors were studied through linear regression model assuming these 12 factors as independent variable on dependent variable significant benefit in online learning. The model summary gave the values of R = 0.665, R Square = 0.443 and Adjusted R Square = 0.401 with ANNOVA significant value = 0.00. With the backward regression applied of range of 0.05 to 0.51, there were 8 excluded factors.The regression equation can be predicated as follows:-Y (Significant benefit in online learning) = a (Constant) + b1 (Coefficient of Better Learning retention) × 1 (Better Learning retention) + b2 (Coefficient of Cost effective score) × 2 (Cost effective score) + b3 (Coefficient of Helps to increase interest) × 3 (Helps to increase interest) + b4 (Coefficient of Learning on own’s pace) × 4 (Learning on own’s pace) + b5 (Coefficient of Mobility and ease of use of online learning tools) × 5 (Mobility and ease of use of online learning tools).

The challenges of 21st century skills require equipping children with essential dispositions and reflective skills as a relevant dimension of education. Reflection is a valuable skill that can produce considerably high level learning and is also very important to the planning process. It includes describing, analyzing and evaluating our thought-process, assumptions, beliefs and actions. Reflection is a significant human activity in which facilitator and practitioner revisit their experience, ponder it and evaluate it. Different academicians identified different types of reflections to strengthen their teaching practices but, they unanimously suggested that reflective teaching practices are inevitably vital to effective instruction. One can start reflective teaching by asking ‘what and why’ questions. Refl ective teaching is an approach that enables teachers and teacher educators to understand how they use their knowledge in classroom situations and how they combine theory and practical in a more effective manner. A reflective teacher can get input from different sources such as senior faculty members, students, colleagues to improve his/her teaching by using reflection. This paper provides some insights on few moot questions such as, “what is reflection”, “what is reflective teaching”, “why is reflective teaching important”, “why should teachers be reflective”, and “what is meant by being a reflective teacher”?

Nature poets, Robert Frost and Elizabeth Bishop, are concerned with the natural world and the human world. Anthropocentric and Ecocentric outlooks are explored here in terms of their dominant behaviour towards environment. This paper analyzes that: To what extent do these poets go beyond the anthropocentric world to reach the ecocentric world? And do both the poets create a sympathetic attitude towards the natural world of flora and fauna? Or do they have different outlooks of perceiving nature? The dealing of these poets with environmental degradation can reveal the inherent politics of anthropocentric ideology. Moreover, their poems are concerned with the relationship of the humans to the land and other creatures of the earth and also reveal the interaction and contact between the man-made/ materialistic/ human and natural/ non-human world. So, the focus is on how both the poets depict, present and use the natural scenario and natural world in their poems in order to depict the relationship between the human and non-human world.

Development of infrastructure is the basis for quality education, whereas holistic development needs a compilation of social, emotional, economical aspects that can bring change in the existing scenario of school education. ‘Mo School Abhiyan’ in Odisha is an innovative project to boost the school education with the help of contributions from alumni of any school with which they have some emotional attachments. Quality education needs investments which strengthens a society’s wealth and growth, where individuals can improve their own personal efficacy and productivity. In ‘Mo School Abhiyan’, the contributors have the freedom to support the school education by any means they could with ease. This platform is the first one of its own kind and received extensive support from multiple stakeholders for the holistic development of School education in Odisha. This article outlines the concept, genesis, objectives, achievements of the programme, improvements in school education, and responses from stakeholders on the introduction of ‘Mo School Abhiyan’ to the system. The impact of ‘Mo School Abhiyan’ on the school education ecosystem of Odisha is described. At last, it outlines some of the emerging challenges and suggestions to achieve the goals of the project.

This paper is concerned to the comparative study on adjustment ability of special and normal adolescents. The present study out of 22 districts of Punjab, one district Ludhiana was selected randomly. The present study, out of 22 districts in Punjab, only one district Ludhiana was selected randomly. Thereafter, 20 special students and 20 normal students of secondary school were selected on purposive basis from that district. A standardized tool was used for the present investigation: Adjustment inventory for school students by A.K.P. Sinha and R.P. Singh (1993) was used by the researcher for collection of Data. The data were analyzed statistically by using Mean, SD and ‘t’-ratio.

Positive Psychology is one of the newer fields to emerge in the realm of psychology. Two of its major components: Optimism and Life Satisfaction are redefining perspectives on psychological science and counselling today. Optimism can be understood as a stable tendency to believe that good rather than bad things will happen in the future. Optimistic individuals tend to have positive presumptions about people and situations in life which influences individual’s actions and thus with growing life experiences, such individuals lead a more happy, fulfilling and satisfying life. Life satisfaction can be defined as an individually-oriented way of reporting their well-being or welfare through a series of life episodes. The current study aimed to study a relationship between optimism and life satisfaction and to see if any gender differences exist. For this study, a sample of 168 young adults aged between 18-25 years were selected via purposive sampling method. The questionnaires administered to these participants were the Life Orientation Test (R) and Satisfaction with Life Scale. A Pearson Correlational design was used to compute the results. The results of the study revealed a significant correlation between Optimism and Life Satisfaction indicating that the ability to have a positive outlook towards the future can induce positive thoughts leading to actions and finally a positive, happy and satisfied life. In addition, the gender difference revealed a significant difference between males and females with males being more satisfied as compared to females. The study may aid in counselling processes by helping counsellors predicts client behaviours, plan assignments based on optimistic predispositions and help clients develop these competencies to lead a happier life.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the enhancement of learning skills in students that chose science as a carrier subject using project-based learning (PBL). Eighty students (n=80) were analysed during the project designing, it’s execution and finally it’s presentation. Participants were grouped in two teams of 5 each such that one focusses on developing experiments and other on it’s technical part. The projects were assigned to each group taking into consideration it’s feasibility in school laboratory. Questionnaires that included items to measure i.e., ease of learning subject matter, teamwork, and developing communication skills were used to evaluate students’ improvement before and after the intervention. The students were also assessed to evaluate the effectiveness of intervention on a 5-point Likert scale (1 indicating an extremely negative rating and 5 an extremely positive rating). For the data taken from the closed response questions in the grid, we calculated the average. This study revealed that PBL significantly improved ease of learning, teamwork, and communication skills in school students. PBL proved to be beneficial and effective way of science education and inculcated managerial and professional skills in school students.

The present study was conducted to find out the role of self-concept, classroom environment and parental involvement in the academic achievement of Boys and Girls in Secondary Schools. The sample for the study was collected from various schools of Kozhikode district in the state of Kerala. Sample consists of 600 secondary school students who pursue education in Malayalam and English medium schools of which 314 are boys and 286 are girls. Different standardized tools were used to measure the self-concept, classroom environment and parental involvement; and the score of annual examination was taken as the indicator of academic achievement. Mean standard deviation, t-test, z-test and stepwise regression analysis were used for analyzing data. The study revealed that all the three variables significantly predict the academic achievement of the boys and girls. After classroom environment which is the highest predictor for both the groups, self-concept plays more important role in the prediction for boys whereas parental involvement plays more important role in the prediction for girls.

Indian Higher Education is in a continuing process of changes in orientation & methodology. Globalization has profound implications for the future of higher education in India particularly to the legal education. Inevitably, the need for raising academic standards, creating a better research environment, developing sound infrastructure, creating better career opportunities, and promoting professional advancement of academics are all central issues for formulating the necessary policies for higher education in Legal fraternity. Legal education have went through many reforms after independence but still have to do a lot for competing with international legal education. Through this paper author have evaluated the higher education in legal studies, challenges to it & way forward.

This paper delves into regulation and higher education in India, through three phases: a loosely regulated transitory phase from British India to independent India; a phase of strong regulation by the state in post-independence India; to a dispersed yet still not so easily discernable phase of regulation post-1986 till date. In the wake of rapid changes in higher education, the paper considers it an imperative on the part of the state to play a more pro-active role in regulation of higher education.

The present Research aimed at studying the Emotional Intelligence and Academic Achievement of +2 students. The sample constitutes 400 +2 student studying in junior colleges located in Warangal district. Simple random sampling technique was used to select the sample. Descriptive, inferential and correlational statistics techniques were used for analyzing the data. The findings emerged out of the present study suggests that in choosing a career both men and women where Emotional intelligence. There is no significant correlation between emotional intelligence and academic achievement of +2 students.

Equal access to educational opportunity is a basic human right essential to well-being. Educational gap at attainment levels between male and female and further between female of rural and urban have been remained as focus of research. This paper is based upon the study of a Punjab village to assess the educational empowerment of rural women residing in that village. The study has been carried out on a sample of 200 women identified and designed as rural women in the age group of 20 to 50 years. Semis structured interview schedule, field notes along with observation were the techniques used in study. The findings of the study reveal that rural women have very low level of education. Among all social groups, scheduled caste women are at margin level. Poverty in the family and non-availability of the school in village has been emerged as major cause behind educational deprivation of rural women. Empirical finding have shown that increase in educational level among rural women, their family income enhances. It is suggested that education is pertinent domain to make women empowered and self-reliant. Efforts should be made through different ways to make women educated and self-dependent. Ensuring educational opportunity to all is essential for more than one reason.

Educational development in North Eastern India has been comparatively stagnant for decades, but recent initiatives of the central government with the help of special ministry for North eastern India have given new hope for the rapid development. Development not only in the education sector, but across the sectors has been registered during the last decade. Teacher education scenario is different in northeastern India compared with the rest of the country in term of trained and untrained teachers in the schools. Therefore, the supply and demand of teacher educators and school teachers are different in this region. Here, in this study an effort has been made to analyze the statewise supply and demand of school teachers and teacher education in the light of additional demand due to Right to Education, SSA and RMSA.

Professional education includes specialised training by incorporating enhanced knowledge and skills necessary for responsible entry into professional practice. It is designed to impart students with the competencies to be evaluative, creative and innovative. This is the base of higher-order thinking skills-- critical thinking and self-regulation. Thus, the present study was carried out with an aim to investigate higher-order thinking in terms of critical thinking and self-regulation among professional students of Punjab in relation to gender and course experience. The data were collected via the Motivated Strategies for Learning Questionnaire (MSLQ) and Course Experience Questionnaire (CEQ). MSLQ and CEQ items were administered through a survey on a sample of 200 undergraduate professional students (95 Males and 105 Females) pursuing professional courses at Punjabi University, Patiala. The data were analysed using the two-way analysis of variance. The results revealed no statistically significant gender differences in critical thinking and self-regulation of professional students of Punjab. Also, it was found that the professional students having low and high level of course experience did not differ significantly in higher-order thinking i.e. critical thinking and self-regulation. Thus, it may be concluded that gender and course experience, neither independently nor conjointly, explain critical thinking and self-regulation of professional students of Punjab. However, it may be pointed out that professional students have shown moderate level of critical thinking and above average level of self-regulation. In other words, higher-order thinking skills among professional students need to be explored further for its causation and enhancement.

Information Assurance is an emerging field in Information Technology related subjects and responsible for the privacy and security. Information Assurance is broad and interdisciplinary than Information security, Information Technology security. And IT Security consist with few areas viz. areas of Web Security, Database Security, Network security and latest Cloud Security, Mobile Security, Multimedia Repository Security etc. The theories as well as practice of collection, organization, assuring and managing of information and knowledge are the core of Information Assurance field. Information Assurance deals with two sides viz. technological and manual information security and privacy solutions. Information Assurance is dedicated to the uses, processing, storage, and transformation of information with proper practice and principles. Information Assurance as a field of study available in developed countries. In United States itself it is available as Certificate, Diploma to Bachelors, Masters Program and even Doctoral Program. In US and many western countries availability of super specialty areas program i.e. the emerging and sub field of IT become common and important. Similar to this approach, Information Assurance is also available as a Doctoral Program. In India, academic program/ major in the sub fields and emerging areas of Information Technology is little rare and also in Doctoral program. Though the Ph.D. in Information Assurance has huge potentials. The paper highlighted the potentiality of Ph.D. in Information Assurance with model curricula based on Indian Ph.D. regulation 2016.

In school, infrastructure development is an important aspect that needs to be taken into account. The term infrastructure is comprehensive, and several elements are included in it. These include playgrounds, library facilities, laboratories, computer centers, technology, machinery, tools, equipment, and so forth. The members of the educational institutions need to invest resources to bring about infrastructure improvements. The study aimed to investigate the current status of the availability and utilization of infrastructure in Eklavya Model Residential School. The investigator purposively selected one Eklavya Model Residential School at Rayagada in Odisha. This school provides quality education to merit-based tribal students, especially in tribal areas. The researcher has followed the purposive sampling technique for selecting the key informants of the case. The researcher used the classroom Observation Schedule, Questionnaire, checklist, and interview schedule for data collection. The data was analyzed by applying both quantitative and qualitative techniques, i.e., percentage; thick description. The study revealed that the infrastructure facilities are available as per the guideline of Eklavya Model Residential School.

This paper is related to the professional commitment among secondary school teachers. The purpose of present research was to study the relationship between professional commitment and self-esteem of secondary school teachers. Survey method is adopted for the present study. A sample of 136 secondary school teachers (63 Male & 73 Female) was selected from the Aligarh District of Uttar Pradesh. Self-esteem questionnaire developed by Dr. Santosh Dhar and Dr. Upinder Dhar is used to assess the level of self-esteem. Professional commitment questionnaire developed by Ravinder Kaur, Sarbjit Kaur Ranu and Sarvjeet Kaur Brar is used to assess the level of professional commitment of teachers. Mean, SD, t-test & correlation techniques are employed to analyze the data. Significant correlation was found between professional commitment and self-esteem of teachers. However, no significant difference was found in the professional commitment and self-esteem of male and female teachers. Also, there was no significant difference in the professional commitment and self-esteem of teachers having less than 10 years experience and teachers having more than 10 years experience. Therefore, it is better to enhance self-esteem of teachers to ensure higher level of professional commitment.

The changing scenario of education is demanding quality in all aspects at all level of learning improving both teachers’ and students’ performance level to an extent so that they can accumulate, adapt and address the global changes directing towards education. Education at secondary level being a transition period of education and an era of addressing new challenges, the quality factor has become essential. Teachers acting as a catalyst to boost the performance of students through training with new knowledge and skills. An attempt has been made through this study to explore about an in-service training programme of Odisha meant for secondary education which aims to improve the learning level of students by training the teachers for each subject. Following a descriptive survey design with a sample of 40 teachers and 5 resource persons involved in the training programme, the study has been undertaken to find out the perception regarding the professional development which is the alternate aim of the programme. Mixed method approach has been followed to analyse the data collected through a questionnaire and an interview schedule. The study found a positive response towards the programme in the aspect of professional development but some constraints like lack of time, improper planning and supervision are found creating hinderance in the success of the programme. Further studies in a comparative approach with other innovative programme as well as evaluative study on the programme from all participants’ perspective are recommended.

Individual learning styles depend on cognitive, emotional and environmental factors, as well as one’s prior experience. In other words, everyone’s different. It is important for educators to understand the differences in their students’ learning styles, so that they can implement best practice strategies into their daily activities, curriculum and assessments. This study was undertaken with the objective to find out if there is a relationship between the students learning styles and academic achievement of private higher secondary schools in Aizawl city. The scale used for this study is Perceptual Learning Style Preference Questionnaire constructed by Joy Reid (1984). The data from the present study is collected from 2 Private Higher Secondary schools. The sample consists of 192 students, with 96 each from Oikos Higher Secondary School and Providence Higher Secondary Schools. Findings showed that there is no correlation between the academic achievements and the scores on different learning styles of the students. A particular learning style does not have effect on the marks of the students.

This study investigates the effects of self-concept transformation package on secondary school students’ attitude toward quantitative aspect of Economics in Northern Senatorial Zone, Plateau State, Nigeria. This study used a quasi-experimental research design the non-equivalent control- group design. The population of the study consisted of all the 9,597 senior secondary two students (SSSII), in the 210 secondary schools in the study area. Multi-Stage Cluster sampling techniques was used for this study The sample size consisted of 105 economics SS2 students from intact classes of the four sampled schools. The experimental group was made up of 30 males and 20 females while the control group was made up of 29 males and 26 females. Therefore there are 50 and 55 students in the experimental and control group respectively. Multidimensional Self-concept Scales (MSS) and Quantitative Economics Attitude Scale (QEAS) instruments were used for data collection. The t-test of independent sample and Analysis of Covariance (ANCOVA) was used to analysed the data with the aid of statistical package for social sciences (SPSS) version 23 was used for the analysis. The finding indicated that; the pretest mean scores of Experimental group was not statistically significant different from the pre-test attitude mean scores of control group, the post-test mean scores of Experimental group was statistically significant different from the pre-test students’ self- concept mean scores of control group and there is significant effect of gender on students’ attitude toward quantitative Economics. The study recommended that parents as well as economics teachers should encourage the students to develop positive attitude towards quantitative economics. Economics teachers should direct more attention particularly to female students among other recommendations were made.

The Covid-19 situation has significantly disrupted normal activities globally. During this pandemic, people around the world are facing many mental health problems. Particularly excessive use of internet may become a serious problem among teens. The aim of this study was to study the impact of internet addiction on academic achievement of postgraduate final year students studying in govt college, Sundargarh during Covid-19. The study also focuses on the gender difference, correlation between internet addiction and academic achievement and level of internet addiction of Postgraduate final year students. For collection of data, a sample of 48 final year postgraduate students consisting of 24 male and 24 female were selected purposively. Standardized Internet Addiction Test (IAT) developed by Young was administered for their responses and CGPA scores for the previous semester were collected and analysed using both inferential and descriptive statistics like mean, SD, correlation, percentage and t-test. The results of this study indicated that internet addiction has negative impact on academic achievement of postgraduate final year students. Results also shows that there is no significant difference in internet addiction of postgraduate final year students in relation to their gender and correlation between internet addiction and academic achievement of postgraduate final year students is weakest negative correlation.

English writing skill is one of the most important skills of English language as it is an integral part of life and the social need of the contemporary society. Today it is considered to be every individual’s need to master English writing skill because it helps in assessing ones progress made individually, socially, culturally, philosophically, scientifically and through all sorts of behavioural activities. Though English writing skill was not the one which was on limelight in India since decades and not mentioned by any educational committees explicitly, yet there were few references made about the importance of writing skills by few educational commissions and reports such as NCF, (2005) and NCERT Synthesis report, (2012). These reports emphasised in inculcating English writing skills as an integral part of the curriculum by teaching this skill using different methods of teaching and appropriate instructional materials. Though there had been drastic changes in the text books, syllabus, curriculum and teaching methodologies from time to time, yet there found no much changes in the teaching and learning method of the English writing skills. During every time frame there were scholars and researchers who showcased the underlying negligence shown towards this skill in their various studies, yet teaching of writing skills found no much changes. Hence, this paper is a sincere effort to reflect on the trends in the English writing skills to identify the reasons for the low attainment of the learners in writing skills that has been hindering learners to master proficiency in English.

Educational objectives are soul for any educational Programme and it is the prime pillar for sustainable socio-economic development. The holistic educational objectives need to changes according to the social change. To achieve the holistic educational objectives the educational opportunities were decentralized; as a result worldwide the rate of literates and the percentage of educated people are increased; especially in India was successfully achieved elementary, secondary, and higher education too. Further, the new education policy-2020 insisted to increase the enrolment ratio in higher education from 26.3% (2018) to 50% by 2035. Along with the objectives of increasing the quantitative students’ enrolment percentage in higher education, it is the need of the hour to insist on outcome-based education (OBE) for holistic development. Keeping these as a background the researcher intended to describe the OBE as a need of the hour.

Both West Bengal and Kerala have significant influence in socio-economic and political field of India. Therefore a comparative study of the status of school education between these two is very significant in Indian context. The objective of the study was to comparatively analyse the status of school education of West Bengal and Kerala in terms of school profile, school infrastructure, teaching and non-teaching staff for the period of 2016-2017 based on DISE data. The study explored interesting aspects of the status of school education in both the states. It made some important suggestions for the stakeholders.

Digital devices and applications are widely using by the schools . Various committees and commissions have also emphasized to use digital technologies in educational field. Nep 2020, NCTE regulation 2014 has also emphasized on digital literacy and applications of ICT in the teaching learning process. Government of India has launched the various programmes like digital India campaign, e-pathshala, NROER, Swayam, Swayamprava, NDL India etc. For facilitating he use of ICT in education sector. The present study is intended to find out the status and issues of digital literacy of secondary school teachers in Odisha. For conducting the study descriptive survey method was used over 40 secondary school teachers in Odisha whose were selected through purposive sampling technique. Data was collected through a self developed questionnaire and collected by the help of google form and telephonic interview. The collected data were analyzed by using frequency and percentage and accordingly conclusions were drawn. The study found that majority of teachers can change screen brightness and contrast, minimize, maximize and move window screen, use search command to locate a file and download and install applications in their devices. Most of them are aware about computer hardware devices and able to operate those. They are using digital technologies for searching, sharing and collecting data for educational practices. Google meet is popularly used as online teaching application. They suggested to improve the situation by providing in-service training programs, appointing sufficient computer teachers and providing sufficient infrastructure for digital learning.

Metacognition and Learning styles are significant factors that influence learning. Learners exhibit different learning styles that influence the way they make sense of the learning experiences. Metacognitive strategies are the set of some executive techniques of cognition which are consciously used by learners to achieve a specific learning purpose. The present study has made an attempt to explore the relationship among Learning Styles and Metacognitive Strategies of Teacher Trainees and determine the Learning Styles as positive predictor and contributor for Metacognitive Strategies of Teacher Trainees during their training programme. The data have been collected by using random sampling techniques, through administered the tools, Metacognitive Strategies scale, (self-made) and Learning styles Questionnaire (Developed and standardized by Peter Honey and Alan Mumford (1986) from 120 teacher Trainees from four teacher training Institutions affiliated to different universities of Odisha and recognized by NCTE. The collected data were analyzed using Product moment coefficient of correlation (r) and Regression analysis. The results of the study reveal that metacognitive strategies metacognitive strategies of teacher trainees are positively related with their Activist, Reflector, Theorist, Pragmatist Learning Styles, further, Theorist and Reflector learning styles are the strong predictors and contributors of planning, monitoring and evaluation Metacognitive strategy, and Theorist and Pragmatist learning styles are the strong predictors and contributors of Organizing Metacognitive strategy of teacher trainees of teacher trainees.

With the inception of modern technology and the social media throw a negative impact on the whole Indian society as well as in the all- round development of the adolescents. In the absence of adequate supervision, the habit of mobiles, television and the internet is enhancing the stress, jealousy, depression and quick response among teenagers. According to National Crime Record Bureau (NCRB) the rate of crime under registered cases against juveniles in conflict with law has been increased to 89.28 per cent from 2005 to 2016. NCRB also reveals that the number of rapes by juveniles has been increased to 143 per cent from 2002 to 2012. The physical development of children is happening but they do not have the knowledge of their essential rights, values, ethics and humanity. There is a great need to stop or decrease the juveniles’ crime in India. The Value based Education and school environment influence the proper development of the children. In this research article the researchers focused on the implementation of value based education at school level. The engagement of co-curricular activities and VBE at school level develop the ability of freedom of self expression, self confidence, co-operation and universal brotherhood. The researchers also described the factors affecting the juveniles’ development. Media, Peer Influence, Exclusion from Society and Family are crucial and responsible factors of juveniles’ mental, social and educational development. Teachers’ aptitude regarding VBE is the important factor for changing the behaviors of juveniles.

As an emerging technology, Augmented Reality has a huge potential for the educational field. Teacher education is the root of all other professions so the current study was intended to explore the resources available in the teacher education institute and the awareness about augmented reality among the teacher educators and pre-service teachers. The data was collected by two self-developed questionnaires i.e. Resources Availability and Awareness Questionnaire for Pre-Service Teacher & Resources Availability and Awareness Questionnaire for Teacher Educator, the result revealed that the teacher education institutes of Odisha and the TEs & PSTs have adequate resources to use augmented reality in the classroom but the awareness level among them found to be very low.

Academic anxiety can have a negative effect on a student’s academic performance. Teachers and parents can learn to recognize the signs of anxiety in school students. If teachers and parents help students to learn to control anxiety early, more serious academic problems related to anxiety can be avoided. Anxiety can become more detrimental over time. If academic anxiety is identified on time it helps to improve the performance of students so it necessary to know more about academic anxiety. This paper elaborates in detail about the components of academic anxiety & way to reduce academic anxiety in detail.

This research paper is based on the research study of the investigator on the attitude of in-service teachers towards gender issues, namely, gender roles, gender stereotypes and gender discrimination. For the study, the researcher conducted a descriptive survey among 312 teachers teaching at secondary level in the schools of Delhi. Self-developed attitude scale and interview schedule were employed for the collection of the data. The data collected was systematically categorized, tabulated, analyzed and interpreted. The study revealed that none of the teachers has studied about ‘gender’ as a complete subject, however, majority of them were interested in knowing more about gender issues. Further, it was also found that the teachers discriminated among girls and boys when it came to assigning tasks or activities to them. Some positive trends in their attitude were also revealed.

Academic self-concept is helpful for the students to evaluate their potentialities and bring out the students to be successful in their academic world. This study investigates the impact of self-concept on academic performance of pre-service teacher trainees. For data collection, a sample of 100 pre-service teachers consisting of 50 male and 50 female were selected randomly. Standardized Academic Self-Concept Scale prepared by Liu, Wang and Parkins (2005) was administered to collect data on self-concept. Scores secured by students in their academic examination considered as academic performance. To analyse the data, different descriptive statistical methods like mean, sd, correlation, t-ratio were employed. Analysis showed a negligible positive relationship between academic self-concept and academic performance. The study confirmed that self-concept has no impact on academic performance of pre-service teachers. In addition, findings also revealed no gender difference in academic self-concept among pre-service teacher trainees.

The world is growing with a faster pace in the 21st century due to rapid development of science and technology. It has brought a paradigm shift to the lifestyle and social processes as a whole. Changing scenario has brought more challenges to live in. Preparing students to live and face the world in the 21st century is challenging and daunting. Acquisition of different skills and knowledge as well as interdisciplinary approach towards the world are needed to the students to keep in pace with world. The present study draws and reviews on the policies with specific reference with National Curriculum Framework 2005 (NCF 2005) and National Education Policy (NEP 2020) to explore the role of Science Education in development of 21st Century Learning Skills which have been recommended with the intent to prepare the learners to face the challenging world. Transforming the 21st century education is an attempt to change the world and face the upcoming challenges posed by the world. This dynamic recommendations made by both the policies, if integrated and implemented properly with the same intent and spirit, it can do wonders. And education can be the powerful weapon which can be used to change the world and face the world as well.

In science education, teaching methodologies focussing on developing scientific attitude among students facilitate them in scoring academically high and thus scientific attitude may work as determinant of academic performance of students. A descriptive survey was conducted on 208 students of secondary school students in Delhi. The data analysis showed that there was gender difference, in the favour of girl students, with respect to scientific attitude and science achievement scores. A significantly positive co relation between scientific attitude and science achievement scores of students was found. Interaction effects also supported these findings.

This research paper assesses the teachers’ emotional maturity among government secondary school teachers in Jammu division. The main objective of the paper is to find whether teachers differ in emotional maturity in relation to their gender, qualification and locality. For this, a sample of 200 teachers was selected through multi-stage probability sampling technique employing survey method. Teachers’ emotional maturity scale as developed by investigator was used for the collection of data. The findings revealed that there are no gender differences in emotional maturity among teachers. Besides this there are no significant differences in emotional maturity among teachers in relation to their qualifications and locality.

The paper examines the Impact of Problem Solving Ability and Self-esteem on Academic Achievement of Secondary School Students. Samples of 400 Secondary School Students were selected through random sampling technique. Survey method was employed to collect the data. The schools are responsible to develop scientific attitude among the students so that they may solve their problems independently for better adjustment in the future complex society. An adolescent lacking Self-esteem appropriate to normal personality, experiences insecurity because he fails to perceive in himself those qualities that are necessary to cope with the exigencies of the world or he/she will also be depreciated of his/her achievements as they surpass their self-image. In this regard, the researcher felt the need to study the Academic Achievement with its interaction on Problem Solving Ability and Self-esteem. The tools included A Four Point Rating Scale on Self-esteem with five components was prepared and validated by the Researcher. A Problem Solving Ability Test with four components was prepared and validated by the Researcher. With the objective to find the Main and Interaction effect of Problem Solving Ability and Self-esteem on Academic Achievement among the Secondary School Students, the major findings concluded, Self-esteem has a significant effect on Academic Achievement. Academic Achievement of Students with High Self-esteem is significantly greater than students with Average and Low Self-esteem. Academic Achievement of Students with Average Self-esteem is significantly greater than students with Low Self-esteem.

The limits between on-line and “genuine world” networks are quickly decaying, especially for the age of youngsters whose lives are infested by web based life. For this age, internet based life trades are an essential methods for correspondence, social commitment, data chasing, and perhaps, a focal segment of their character and network building. Teacher of psychiatry at UCLA, Dr. Gary Small, proposes these advanced locals—youngsters naturally introduced to a universe of PCs and PDAs, content informing, and tweeting—spend, by and large, over eight hours daily presented to computerized innovation, and may encounter generally unique mental health that favors steady correspondence and performing multiple tasks (Prensky, 2001). Given these real factors, postsecondary teachers should start to genuinely investigate the possibility to purposefully and deliberately saddle the intensity of these progressive changes in innovation use to all the more likely serve the requirements of understudies to improve their prosperity. Determinants of Acquiring Good results in Academics (for all age groups) analysis revealed that out of 7 explanatory variables 5 explanatory variables are significant at different probability levels. The coefficients of independent variables viz., student studying class and number of hours spent in study are significant at 10 percent probability level and also they indicate that increasing class level and number of hours spent in studying increase the performance of academics of children in the study area. Another two coefficients of variables namely number of hours spent in Internet and number of hours spent in Tuition are significant at 5 percent level. It also tells that the hours spent in either tuition or internet impacts positively. The other variable coefficient i.e., parent’s education is significant at 1 percent level. It reveals that parent’s education influence on children academic performance.

Teachers are the prime agents in bringing about social change. This huge responsibility is resting on teachers’ shoulders, and as a result, it makes this profession a very demanding career. Even teachers require leisure-time. They need to be recreationally motivated, which includes fulfilling personal goals such as the need for affiliation, liberation from stress or the boredom of daily routines, and the pursuit for a challenge. For this study, the tool used was the Intrinsic Leisure Motivation scale (ILM) developed by Ellen Weissinger and Deborah L. Bandalos (1995). The sample of the study consisted of 92 prospective teachers from Aligarh Muslim University. The analysis revealed that the Intrinsic Leisure Motivation of prospective teachers had scores above the average. Intrinsic Leisure Motivation sub-dimensions like self-determination, challenge and competence had almost the same highest mean while commitment had the least mean. A significant difference was found in favour of prospective male teachers in the Intrinsic Leisure Motivation (on sub-dimensions like self-determination, commitment and challenge). Another finding of this study was that no significant difference was found in rural and urban prospective teachers’ mean scores. Lastly, the sample under study did not share a meaningful relationship between Intrinsic Leisure Motivation (with its respective sub-dimensions)and academic achievement. The educational implications have been drawn and discussed, according to the findings, in the research paper.

This paper discusses the dominance of textbooks within classroom teaching in India. In the history of Indian education in the post-independence period, since as early as 1952, various education commissions and policy frameworks have expressed concern over textbook dominance within Indian classrooms. But the education system still relies heavily on textbooks for ‘educating’ its students. National Curriculum Framework 2005 establishes the need to make learning meaningful for children by actively engaging them within the classroom. But with consistent domination of textbook reading as the only method of classroom teaching, actively engaging children remains a challenge. The paper discusses how choosing textbooks that create opportunities for actively engaging students can be a step towards developing a link between textbooks and active participation of children within classroom processes. It further suggests certain parameters for looking at texts in an analytical manner and also provides an example by analyzing a text on the parameters that are suggested.

Conceptual and research based literature related to achievement test construction and educational psychology topics were studied thoroughly for developing Achievement Test in Educational Psychology. The preparation and standardization of the Achievement test consisted of four major phases such as planning, construction, evaluation and validation. In present investigation one hundred MCQ items were prepared by the researcher which was reviewed by experts in the field and then first draft of the achievement test was ready for tryout. For pilot testing, the test was administered on representative sample of 80 pupil teachers of different institutions keeping in mind that they should have knowledge of test content and they must have gone through the content earlier. Achievement test having 67 items with four options each was given to participants and scoring was done with the help of scoring key. Difficulty Value and Discrimination Power of the test calculated. This test has a value 0.936 (Cronbach Alpha) for test consistency. Researcher also used Split-half method to establish the reliability of the test.

In the present article multiple choice questions (MCQ) type Mathematics Achievement test is constructing according to blue print. The Construction of test items is an important phase in the development of a test as the reliability, validity of the test depends upon the test items. The discriminative Index find out the difficulty value of each item. The nature of questions for achievement test consisted of matching type and multiple choice questions. This achievement test is constructing for Geometry content of Mathematics for IXth grade student.

Constructivist approach is based on the belief that learning occurs when learners are actively involved in a process of knowledge construction as opposed to passive receiving of information. According to constructivist teaching, learners are the makers of their knowledge. The theory of constructivism is an approach to learning suggesting that children must construct their own understandings of the world in which they live. The present study aims to find the effectiveness of 5E approach of constructivist on achievement in mathematics of upper primary students. The present study was a quasi-experimental study, wherein a control and experimental group were employed. The 5E learning model include Engage, Explore, Explain, Elaborate and Evaluate, Which has been applied to experimental group and conventional teaching was used in the control group, a sample of 70 (35 students in experimental and control group respectively) students were selected by using the purposive sampling technique. The results of the study revealed that teaching through the 5E approach of constructivism is effective in enhancing achievement in mathematics of upper primary level as compared to traditional method.

The main objective of this paper is to compare the adjustment among government and private secondary school teachers. A sample of 105 secondary school teachers (55 governments and 50 private) was selected through stratified random sampling technique. Mangal Teacher Adjustment Inventory (MTAI) developed by Dr. S.K. Mangal was used for the data collection. Mean, SD and t-test were employed to analyze the data. The study revealed that government secondary school teachers possess significantly better adjustment than their private counterparts. There is no significant difference between the adjustment of government male and female secondary school teachers. The study also found that there is significant difference between adjustment of private male and female secondary school teachers. However, there is no significant difference between adjustment of government and private female secondary school teachers.

Adolescence is a period of transition from childhood to Adulthood which results many developmental changes in the adolescents. Mental Health of the adolescents and their social adjustment plays an important role in the society. The main aim of the present study is to explore the mental health and social adjustment of the senior secondary students of Delhi. Moreover an attempt is made to elaborate the relationship between mental health and social adjustment of adolescents. Descriptive survey method is used for the present study. The sample of the study consisted of 100 male students and 100 female students (total 200 students were randomly selected) from the senior secondary schools of Delhi. The researcher used Mental Health Battery of Arun kumar Singh and Alpana Sen Gupta’s and Social Adjustment Inventory of Dr. R.C. Deva for the sample subjects. The findings reveal a positive significant relationship between the Mental Health and Social Adjustment in the adolescents.

Sustainable development is central to 2020 Millennium goals of development. It is the development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs- World Commission on Environment and Development Report (1987). It is a process for meeting human  development  goals while maintaining the ability of natural systems to continue to provide the natural resources and ecosystem services upon which the economy and society depend. The goals and targets of sustainable development envisage a society free of poverty and economic dependence on others, free of prejudice and irrational thinking, free of fear, discrimination, injustice, intolerance and violence and also free of insensitivity towards different forms of life and the environment. A society where the economic, academic, social and environmental needs of the present generations are so balanced that the needs of the future generations could be met with the same success. Now the question arises whether is our school education system capacitated to meet the demands of a sustainable society. Does it develop children as responsible and informed citizens with required knowledge, skills and values to participate effectively in sustainable development of the society? In this regard, Mahatma Gandhi’s Nai Talim seems to be relevant and could be a successful alternative for education towards sustainable development. It stresses on indigenous scheme of education with due regard to the creative and constructive capacity of children and the needs of the locality. Hence, it is sought that Nai Talim system should be revisited and researched. The present paper describes how Nai Talim system could be a vital alternative for development of a just and sustainable society? It also highlights the possibilities of reframing the mainstream education around basic tenets of Nai Talim in terms of school curriculum, pedagogic and assessment practices, co-scholastic activities, school climate, school management and innovations.

Now-a-days, it is commonly observed that with the advancement of mobile phones, there is an increase in number of cell phone users, especially young adults. They are using mobile phones very frequently for day to day activities. Keeping in view this thing, it is important to study the effects of mobile phone exposure on mental health of students.The study was conducted on a sample of 100 college students of rural and urban areas of rewari district. Mobile addiction scale developed by Dr. A.Velayudhan and Dr. Srividya and Mental health scale by Pramod kumar were used for data collection. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics such as mean, S.D, correlation and t-test. The main finding indicates that there is very low positive correlation between mental health and mobile addiction.

Thinking is one of the important characteristics of human beings. It is an act which separates human beings from other species on the planet. Thinking skills are one of the most important areas to be worked upon which is the current need of the society. But classroom teaching learning is still unable to inculcate higher order thinking skills among our students. Higher-order thinking involves the learning of complex judgmental skills such as critical thinking and problem solving. Higher-order thinking is more difficult to learn or teach but also more valuable because such skills are more likely to be usable in novel situations (i.e., situations other than those in which the skill was learned). In the present paper focus is on development of critical thinking skills. The paper summarizes the theoretical underpinnings for dialogue and points out the benefits that genuine dialogue can bring in teaching learning process. On the basis of above theoretical background and findings, Dialogue as pedagogy can be considered fruitful in English Language Classroom for the inculcation of Higher Order Thinking Skills i.e. Critical thinking skills in the students. We need to invest in our English language classrooms the dialogue method so that we can have a foundational relationship of understanding, a common ground, and a capital of collective acumen and vision that enables us to address the questions which we are facing in the present era. Dialogue is a necessary and a powerful tool in the hands of teacher for cultivating critical thinking skills among our students. An important feature of Dialogue is that it crafts a community-based culture of teamwork and shared leadership.

The Free and Compulsory education Act 2009 was first enacted on August 29, 2009 after India gained independence. The implementation of this law started from April 1, 2010. This law created a different awareness about education in the country. Section 16 of the Act, Chapter 4, provides that a student should not be kept in a class for more than one year, as well as special attention on ‘continuous comprehensive evaluation‘ and ‘Remedial teaching’. However, this section was misinterpreted and used wrongly. The aim behind this section was to make students capable to achieve the competencies as per the standards in the same academic year with the help of remedial teaching methods. As a result, it has adversely affected the basic learning abilities of the students entering class 9 to 8. Students in class 9 remained raw in the basic abilities. It causes the poor academic performance and increased the drop out rate at the secondary level. As a measure of this, the School Department of the Government of Maharashtra had adopted the paradigm of ‘ Accelerated Learning Education ‘ for the development of basic learning abilities for students in class 9. This paradigm was implemented on an experimental basis in Aarey Colony School. Researcher has come to the conclusion that the study of the effectiveness of this paradigm helped to strengthen the basic learning abilities of the students.

Education and its solid dissemination including Technologies are responsible for the development in different perspective. Technological Studies are important name for solid business solutions and development. There are many problems, obstacles facing by the institutions and systems within developing country. New academic innovation and research Information and knowledge dissemination lead valuable role for reaching Knowledge Economy. Industrial needs and right availability of human resources with proper manpower is the need of hour. Computing previously treated as most valuable name in knowledge world but the gradual development later created another nomenclature and fields with Information. It is an important fact that subfields of Information Sciences and Technology are emerging rapidly due to its need in different sectors. Universities and Educational institutions are around the world moving towards interdisciplinary research. Indian educational institutions and academics are also become dynamic and offering several areas of study which are applied, non-traditional and interdisciplinary. This paper is conceptual in nature and provided information on computing and informatics programs in the field with international look and emphasizing Indian context in brief manner. The paper also highlighted few emerging areas which developed in recent past.

The present research work was undertaken to study the effect of family climate on the adjustment of children with special needs. For this purpose, sample consisting of 75 children with special needs was drawn and descriptive survey method was followed. It is indicated by the findings of the present study that family climate has significant impact on the school adjustment of the children with special needs. The study also stressed on the fact that there should be a healthy and productive environment in families, schools. The study further discusses that parental involvement has beneficial effect on school adjustment of the children with special needs.

Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan (S.S.A) is government of India’s flagship programme for achievement of universalization of elementary education (UEE) in a time bound manner as mandated by 86th amendment to the constitution of India making free and compulsory education to the children of 6-14 years ago group, a fundamental right. The programme seeks to open new school in those habitations which do not have schooling facilities and strengthen existing school infrastructure through provision of additional classrooms, toilets, drinking water, maintenance grant and school improvements grants. The main objective of the study is to examine the awareness of prospective teachers towards Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan with the respect of following variables- Gender, Inhabitation, Stream, Category and level of education. Descriptive survey method of investigation was used in the study. A sample of 100 teachers (male & female) selected randomly from Madarsa of Varanasi district. Questionnaire was used to collect data (developed by-Miss Nimisha Ojh) for knowing the awareness of Madarsa teachers towards Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan. The collected data was analyzed with the help of statistical techniques of mean, S.D and t-test. Hypotheses were tested on 0.05 level of significance. Findings of the study revealed that there is no significance difference among prospective teachers towards quality and access of Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan with the respect to gender (male and female) and stream (science and humanities) but significant difference among prospective teachers towards quality and access of Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan exist with the respect to inhabitation (rural & urban) and level of education (graduate & undergraduate).

In the pandemic situation, students of all stages of education are facing number of problems to get education through online mode. If we talk about the teacher training institutes, the main purpose is to develop certain competencies among student- teachers to become good teachers through practical situation. Providing practical platform is impossible in this uncertain situation. Hence, to minimize the effect of this pandemic, online teaching learning process is continuing in every institution. But, sudden shift of teaching-learning process arises many questions in the mind of investigators such as how fare this online learning helpful for enhancing knowledge and skills among the student-teachers, what will be the opinion of students-teachers towards this teaching environment etc. To search the above curiosities the present study is conducted. For analyzing the opinion of student-teachers, total 150 student-teachers randomly selected from teacher training institutes of Odisha. The finding of the study revealed that student-teachers have favorable opinion towards online teaching during COVID-19 and there is no difference between the opinion of male and female student-teachers towards online teaching. Regarding the problems faced by students during online teaching are technical issues during online class such as connection issue, audio quality, video clarity etc., they are not able to afford a smart phone and its maintenance; and sometime they face health issues like eye pain, headache, fatigue etc. The study also suggested that teacher educators should try to minimize the issues face by students to access online teaching and should organize technology friendly program where the educators teach them how to use effectively online learning platform along with how to access e-material for their study.

Newspapers have been the most important tool in shaping the growth and development of any society in the modern world.The newspaper industry of any country for that matter spreads knowledge and awareness amongst the people by propagating itself as a medium for a wide area of topics such as politics, sports, social issues, medicine, entertainment, advertising and marketing, and more recently in education as “Newspaper in Education (NIE)”. This study presents the effectiveness of Newspaper in Education (NIE) program and the impact on student performance with special reference to schools in Karnataka. 15 schools have been selected for the study comprising sample with students of Middle school (6,7) and High school (8, 9 and 10). NIE programs of three leading newspapers viz. The Hindu, The Times of India and Deccan Herald have been considered for the survey. A questionnaire containing 20 questions on the NIE content, delivery method, perceptions about NIE, academic performance and the areas of improvement was administered among the sample containing 200 students of Middle school and High School. Survey results were subjected to statistical analysis. Survey results indicated that two of the newspapers viz. Deccan Herald and The Times of India have similar NIE content and the delivery model, while, The Hindu has different delivery model. Analysis of responses to questions based on perceptions and the academic performance indicated that there is a significant increase in the general knowledge and skills in middle school students than the High school students after the introduction of NIE in schools. Areas of improvements in terms of NIE content and delivery method is discussed in this paper. This is the first report on effectiveness of NIE program on student performance from India.

The pre-service teacher education degree course or B.Ed. is one of the most sought after pre-service professional course. Pre-service teacher education degree courses prepare an individual for working as a:• Subject teacher for teaching English, Hindi, Mathematics, Social sciences etc. after completing B. Ed• Special education teacher for talking care of special educational needs of students who have difficulty in seeing, speaking, hearing, social interaction etc, after completing B. Ed. special education• Physical education teacher after completing Bachelor in Physical Education (B. P. Ed)

It is a well known saying that a teacher is the national builder. To be able to discharge such a high responsibility, it is very necessary that the teacher must become conscious of his role towards society. His behave should indicate his attempt to do his job properly. His personality must reflect characteristics of a good citizen, dignity of the individual, rights and duties etc., so that he may transmit the same to the younger generation. The above said facts express the dire need of teacher-education. This is the reason that teacher education is considered as an integral part of education system and improvement of its major objectives. Without providing the quality teachers, free and compulsory education cannot be shaped properly. So that, after independence the importance of teacher’s education was given the sole priority. Even today after 70 years of independence, teacher’s education is a major challenge for us. Teacher education is perhaps more confronted with how to negotiate and significantly address the world of teaching-learning than merely dealing with duties, responsibilities and classroom assignments. It is now at the fork of fullness of vision in a fascinated world of immediate gain in every endeavour and worries and frustrations in fruitless teaching sans joy, sans freedom and creative adventure. As a consequence, the challenges of teacher education today for addressing tougher ones of tomorrow remains a far more thrilling adventure to be more worthily undertaken. Hence, this paper tries to explore the basic concept, professional skills, norms and regulations, Issues and problems of teacher education, commissions attempt, individual initiatives and role of various agencies.

Play is referred to as the language of children because they can communicate their thoughts and feelings in ways that they express verbally. The impulse to play is innate and its characteristics are fun, uncertainty, challenge, flexibility and non-productivity. All children have the right to play regardless of ability, ethnicity, or gender. Play can happens indoors or outdoors, with or without the oversight of adults, in everyday spaces, in environments designed for play and in places chosen by children. The right to play is child’s first claim on the society because it offers an excellent opportunity to ensure that all children in an area of all ages, gender, and abilities, participate in fun activities. This paper deals with the comprehensive overview of play, types of play and benefits from different angles. Play is focal point to the early year’s foundation stage and seen as a key way in which children learn and develop. It helps a child to develop physical skills, cognitive concepts, language and social skills. It is performed for no external goal or reward, and is a fundamental and an integral part of wholesome development not only for particular children but also for the society. The broad category of activities that are covered by the term play include swinging, chasing, climbing, sliding, running, dancing, clay modeling, building with blocks, dressing up, and role playing. Everyone has a responsibility to ensure that children are able to play every day and have quality play environments in which to play.

The present study investigates study of home environment and adjustment among adolescents of working and non working mothers. In order to conduct the present study descriptive survey method of investigation was followed, stratified random sampling technique was used for selecting the adolescents of working and non-working mothers. The data comprised 200 adolescent students of which 100 student were of working mothers (50 girls + 50 boys) and 100 adolescent students were of non-working mothers (50 girls + 50 boy). The tools used for present study were (1) Adjustment Inventory by V.K Mittal (1974). (2) Home Environment Inventory by Dr. Karuna Shankar Mishra (1989). The findings of the study revealed that adolescents boys and girls of working and non-working mothers do not differ with regards to their home environment. It was also found that adolescent’s boys and girls of working and non-working mothers do not differ with regards to their adjustment. Further it has been found that there exists a statistically insignificant impact of home environment on the adjustment among adolescents of working and non-working mothers.

This paper focuses on the Future Classroom. It shows the whole process of building the classroom of the future from a normal classroom. It points out the problems and questions arising during the realization of the project, highlights the benefits of some ICT tools and shows the main lines of research running in connection with this issue. The main aims of the paper are: (1) to build an Ideal Classroom for the 21st century, (2) to integrate multimedia learning environment into teacher-education, (3) to test the efficiency of the newest ICT tools in education (4) to develop curriculum materials for different ages to foster deep understanding and to motivate students through bringing real-life problems and new directions of teaching methods to school. Flexible furniture and technology is also a perfect environment for students to obtain the skills they will need in the real-life knowledge-based digital world.

This paper provides a comprehensive overview of self-fulfilling prophecy in context of education (teaching and learning). The prophecy in form of Pygmalion effect has the ability to boost performance through communication of high expectations. Though the concept is decades old, yet holds utmost relevance in prevailing ethos and so it becomes vital to harness the Pygmalion effect and the efforts can be done by educators by being motivating and acting as a role model for students, praising the efforts done by students, reinforcing their talent, hard-work and by taking pride in students achievements. Thus, incorporating the principle of Pygmalion effect perhaps can bring out more potential of the students, without which their psycho-social development is curtailed.

The present paper reflects on employing engaging and interactive online learning environment of Moodle-LMS platform for improvising e-learning and traditional face to face mode of learning by integrating the features of personalised, flexible and blended learning with them. It elaborates the utilities of Moodle-plugins offering these features of learning. It also states the benefits, challenges and possibilities of integrating Moodle with mainstream school and higher education.

Education should remain always in a constant flux. However, the change should come at gross root level rather at surface level. Knowledge market demands that educational issues need deliberations intellectually and publicly rather to put it simply at common sense approach. School education in Jammu and Kashmir has many issues and challenges at gross root level. In this conceptual paper, we have attempted to map out those problems along with suggestions from structural perspective.

Yoga is part of normal culture nowadays, with main medical centers, community healthcare centers, and neighborhood yoga studios offering yoga as a mind-body practice to support health and healing. In the India, so many individuals now practice yoga, Although yoga has existed in various forms for around 2500 years, the phenomenon of “yoga for health” is a feature of more modern yoga. Yoga is usually accepted as an ancient tradition that incorporates postures, breathing techniques, meditation, and moral and moral principles in spite of its growing popularity among people of all ages to promote overall health and fitness, little is known about the use of yoga among youth, especially urban youth. Preliminary quantitative studies have found support for yoga programs improving mood, decreasing anger, depression, and fatigue, improving stress resilience, and reducing problematic physiological and cognitive patterns of response to stress such as rumination, intrusive thoughts, and emotional arousal.

Education is insurance, it gives us guarantee for comfortable and dignified life. It is the process of facilitating learning or the acquisition of knowledge, values and beliefs. In fact it is the most potent tool for the complete development of individual and the society. It is well known that quality of a nation depends upon the quality of its citizens. The quality of the citizens depends upon the education system. As education is imparted by teachers and if the teacher is capable, energetic and mentally healthy, it is good for the school and a matter of joy for the society as well. In today’s world as nobody is stress free, teachers are also human being they also suffer from stress. Stress is a very serious problem if it crosses its limits. It is a feeling of emotional or physical tension and may cause several other problems among teachers, if it is not tackled properly on time. Holy books such as The Vedas, The Bhagavad Gita, The Upanishads, The Quran and The Bible are considered as ocean of knowledge as the wisdom spelt out in them are the new rays of hopes which are essential to face the modern life problems especially stress. Like other religious books The Bhagavad Gita is referred as one of the important book which has bearing on education. The present paper is an humble attempt to find the implication of Bhagavad Gita in the present scenario of education in tackling stress among people in general and teachers in particular.

This study was conducted to find the relationship between academic achievement and successful intelligence of adolescents. Academic Achievement of adolescents was also studied in relation to dimensions of successful intelligence- analytical intelligence, practical intelligence and creative intelligence. Descriptive method was used in this study. The study was conducted on a sample of 800 students of +1 class taken randomly from schools of Jalandhar and Kapurthala affiliated to Punjab School Education Board, Mohali. Scores of students in annual exams of matric were taken as the mark of their academic achievement. Successful Intelligence scale was constructed and standardised by the investigator. The analysis of data was done by using Product moment correlation. Mean, standard deviation, coefficient of skewness and coefficient of kurtosis were also calculated to know the nature of the data. The results of the study are that there exists a positive, low but highly significant relationship between academic achievement and analytical intelligence of students. There exists a positive, low but significant relationship between academic achievement and practical intelligence of adolescents. There exists a positive, low but significant relationship between academic achievement and creative intelligence of adolescents. There exists a positive, low but significant relationship between academic achievement and successful intelligence of adolescents. The results indicate that efforts should be directed to develop analytical intelligence ,practical intelligence, creative intelligence which all together will lead to the development of successful intelligence that will result in enhancing academic achievement of adolescents.

Unitary universities in India have relatively more freedom in their functioning as compare to affiliated universities. Besides a general perspective of unitary universities in India, the main focus of this paper is on the nature of the functioning of Ravenshaw University particularly in the context of its autonomy and accountability. This study found that Ravenshaw University has evolved as the first higher education institution in the State of Odisha to fulfill the needs and inspirations of its people mostly located in Eastern India. So far as academic autonomy and accountability are concerned, as a unitary university, it has demonstrated stability with persistent efforts in the given array of constraints posed there in taking the responsibility of teaching, research and extension activities and has earned credits among people. In the context of administrative and financial autonomy, the University is restricted and found to be grappling in the matter of staffing and allocating funds for the creation of various teaching-learning support systems, welfare services including providing financial support to needy and meritorious students. However, irrespective of the positions and nature of works carried by the university functionaries and university as a whole it claims to be held accountable to all stakeholders and takes an important place in Eastern India with restricted freedom and limited supports in hand.

Social network is an online community that brings people with common interests, activities, experience. It is a forum for sharing news, photos, videos and events. It provides information about people and their social links. Elison (2007) defined social network sites as public web-based services that allow users to develop a personal profile, identify other users with whom they have a connection, read and react to posting made by other users on the site, and send or receive messages either privately or publicly. With the change in time, there has been a paradigm shift in the field of technology. Technology has become the substantial medium of interaction in the social world today. In the last few years, the web has evolved from a unidirectional information transfer tool to a bidirectional information sharing, interactive and participatory centre. The development of Web 2.0 leads to the emergence and proliferation of social media. Increased broadband availability, improvements of software tools and development of more powerful computers and mobile devices have been the important factors for the rapid growth of social media. In the present time, social media influences how we live, how we work, and now more than ever, how we learn. The present study has explored the use of social media in teaching and learning process during school internship programme. For the present study qualitative research approach was followed to collect data by using a self-constructed interview schedule. In this study, face-to-face mode of interview between the researcher and the sample or participants was employed. Population for the study is two years B.Ed. final year students of RIE, Bhubaneswar, from which 24 students were purposively selected as sample for the study. The participants comprised of 12 students from B.Ed. science and 12 students from B.Ed. arts, from which six were male and six were females in both cases. It was found that, almost all the participant answered about Facebook, Whatsapp, Twitter, YouTube, Instagram, Google Scholar, We Chat, Line, Skype, Wikipedia, Blogs, LinkedIn, Google plus and Flickr. Participants used YouTube, Wikipedia, Blogs, Google plus, Google Scholar for teaching and learning processes. Social media enhanced the teaching learning process up to a great extent like receiving and sending information, using as an engagement tool, improving collaboration with peers, teachers and improving linkage with outside world as revealed from their views. Social media helps in providing a better learning environment and platform to students to learn more easily in better and smoother way. The paper lists educational implications based upon findings.

The present study is aimed to evaluate the predictors of Academic Performance. In this study, Emotional Intelligence and Stream are the forecasters of Academic Performance. This research was carried out on a sample of 207 students enrolled in the graduate courses of Aligarh District. A standardized scale was used to collect data which were analyzed using Product moment correlation (r), t-test, ANOVA, and Multiple Regression Analysis. The final year marks of the Graduate students were taken as the measurement of Academic Performance of the students. The results reveal that there is a significant positive correlation between Emotional Intelligence and the Academic Performance. Their gender does not much influence the students’ Academic Performance, but Girls’ Academic Performance is better than that of boys. Girls have higher Emotional intelligence rather than that of boys. There is no significant difference in Academic Performance and Emotional Intelligence between Arts and Social Science Students, while there exists a significant difference in Academic Performance and Emotional Intelligence between Arts and Science Students and Social Science and Science Students. It confirms that Emotional Intelligence has a great significant positive impact on Academic Performance while Stream has a minimal role in predicting Academic Performance.

Every year MP government spends roughly 8-10 crores of rupees to organize three day festival of excellence called Pratibha Parv. The document of Pratibha parv indicates that there is increase in quality education in schools of MP. But NAS and ASER report along with NUEPA report of 2013 tells a different story. In fact, NUEPA study indicates that MP government slipped to 28th position in educational index. Pratibha parv started to improve the quality education both in infrastructural as well as in teaching-learning process. Document of Pratibha Parv indicates towards the CCE as mentioned in RTE. But when the conduct of Pratibha Parv especially at school level was observed, picture was different from what is portrayed. This small qualitative research conducted by the investigators was during the Pratibha Parv. In the name of comprehensive assessment, records were not only properly generated but also not being used properly for the benefit of the students. There were some suggestions in regard to the study which might prove beneficial for the students as well as for government especially when Non-detention policy would be removed.

In the present paper researcher tried to differentiate the two groups (Teacher-Educators of aided college and Teacher-Educators of self finance college) on Values and Personality traits. The two groups were framed by random sampling and compared by using t test. Out of six values it was found that both the groups were either similar or partly on same tune on most values excepting the religious and social values but they were different on personality traits.

Information and Communication technology has been the latest buzz in modern educational setup. The enormous benefit of using computers in teaching and learning is all known to us. It is the potential of it thus which has resulted in the framing of Policy on Information and Communication Technology in School Education by the Department of School Education and Literacy under MHRD. ICT@School scheme is one such policy of Government of India to provide ICT facilitated teaching learning support to government schools in India. Bihar has been also a part of this scheme and this scheme has been implemented in more than 1300 schools of Bihar in the span of 10 to 12 years. This paper reports on the findings of the status of implementation of this scheme basically on the students. The data has been collected from 1551 students from 87 schools of selected districts of Bihar where this scheme was implemented. The findings revealed very poor conditions of ICT Lab in terms of its availability for the students. The boys and girls of these schools have equal perception and pattern of using ICT with respect to different indicators on ICT usage. The students seldom gets chance to use ICT Lab due to the factors such as unavailability of computer teachers, dysfunctional computers and accessories, lack of internet connection and theft or lost equipments.

Information and communication technology (ICT) is one of the important tools in promoting education at all level. ICT has changed society into information society & facilitating every sphere of social and economic life. Impact of ICT has been evident in all socio & economic sectors such as banking and insurance, administrative setup, postal services, biomedical, health & trade etc. It has spreader all walks of life & made life easy and comfortable. Education is one of the important areas which have been greatly influenced by the application of ICT in a very impressive & successful manner. ICT has entirely changed the working style of teachers & of the school. Teachers are expected to teach in an inclusive manner. Keeping in view the educational needs of special children with the appropriate use of ICT. This paper is an attempt to explore the perceived role of ICT in the effective professional development of secondary school teachers and their awareness towards the use of ICT in imparting quality education. Further the paper highlights the important surveys, finding in respect of ICT. The paper has critically analyzed the challenges being faced by the secondary school teachers in their professional development.

The present study was to investigate the impact of mental health on emotional intelligence of B.Ed. students. 200 students, both science and non-science students, studying in education colleges of Faridkot district formed the sample for the present study. The tools used for collecting the data were first Mental Health scale by Parmod Kumar and Emotional Intelligence scale developed by Anukool Hyde. Data were analysedusing ‘t’ test. No significant difference was found between science and non-science students of B.Ed. with regard to their mental health and emotional intelligence. Significant difference was found in impact of mental health on emotional intelligence among science and non-science students of B.Ed.

There is a complex interconnection among the issues and concerns that affect the professional learning of rural teachers in India. The complexity can be conceptualized under ‘rural space’ bringing together social, cultural, economic, political and demographic dimensions of rural setting. The dimensions are in a continuous interaction with the process of teaching-learning in rural schools and tacitly shaping the professional identity of rural teachers by creating challenges as well as scopes in their profession. Therefore, the questions such as how rural teachers construct their professional role in a ‘rural space’ and how the complexity of ‘rural space’ contributes in their professional preparedness for rural transformation are needed to be explored. The main argument of this paper is that there is a need to establish the identity of rural teachers with reference to their diverse rural space. The paper basically attempts to discuss the complex notion of ‘rural space’ from the view of rural teachers by collecting extensive data from the field. The paper is informed by the primary source data, gathered through questionnaire tool and narrative inquiry method. The data is collected from the rural teachers of Bihar. Qualitative analysis of data is done as per the purpose of the paper.

The omnipresence and omnipotence of the state clearly indicates that it conditions human life almost all the time. The state is also the central player in the project of development and nowhere is it more critical than the developing countries. Though serious attempts have been made to understand the state, particularly the post-colonial state, there is no necessary agreement on what constitutes the nature of state. In this context, this article aims to map the various theories around the class character of the Indian state especially since the NEP was implemented.

According to revised norm of NCTE (2014), the structure of teacher education programmes were revised on different dimensions. It insisted on two years long duration of B.Ed. and M.Ed. and gave emphasis on gaining learning experiences in composite institutions. It also dealt with introduction of four year integrated B.EI.Ed and B.A.B.Ed. and B.Sc.B.Ed. programmes. At masters degree level it introduced B.Ed.M.Ed. integrated programme and brought the entire teacher education system into fold of Higher Education. The present study has focused on exploring views of student teachers towards curriculum reform in various teacher Education Programmes. Population for the study covered all the Teacher Education institutions of Odisha. The sample of the study consisted of 200 students of two teacher education Institution of Odisha such as RIE, Bhubaneswar, (40 B.A./B.Sc. B.Ed., 35 B.Ed. and 20 M.Ed.) and Radhanath IASE, Cuttack, (50 D.EI.Ed., 35 B.Ed. and 20 M.Ed.). The Researchers used self-made questionnaire for data collection of the study. Data were collected with the help of a questionnaire. The components of the tool consisted of different areas of reforms such as duration, composite institution eligibility, time table, teaching strategies, teacher and learner centered activities, project and assignment activities, evaluation and assessment of teacher education Institution. Data were analyzed descriptively. It was noticed that a large majority of M.Ed students gave high opinion about different items covering components of reform in teacher education. A large majority of B.Ed. and B.A.B.Ed./B.Sc. B.Ed. programme students gave favorable opinion about time duration. This is concluded that as a whole the student teachers perception towards restructuring of teacher education programme is favorable but critical on some point. As a whole, the teacher education students have expressed positive opinion about structural reforms in teacher education introduced as per NCTE regulation, 2014. The opinion of student teachers are supportive to strengthening reform in the teacher education institutions of Odisha state.

The main aim of this paper is to present the correlation between value education amongst high school students and the socio-demographic factors like gender and father’s occupation. The objectives of this paper are: (1) To study the relation in values among high school students, (2) To study the difference in values among high school male and female students and (3) To study the difference in values among high school students of government employed, private employed, self-employed and unemployed fathers. For the same, primary research was conducted through psychological tests amongst 450 high school students of which 225 students were female and 225 students were male. The paper reveals that while gender does not affect the values, however, the difference in the values amongst the students prevails. The paper also suggests statistically significant difference in the values of children of government employed and self employed fathers.

The present study attempts to explore how the introversion and extroversion nature affect the adjustment of pupil teachers. As the failure and success of the teachers in their profession also depends upon their adjustment. This was an empirical research with a sample of 120 prospective teachers who are getting training in three colleges of education affiliated from M.D. University, Rohtak that are selected randomly from Rohtak city of Haryana. Descriptive survey method was used. Adjustment of prospective teachers was assessed by using Adjustment Inventory for College Students (AICS) developed by Singh & Singh and introversion-extroversion nature of prospective teachers were assessed by Introversion-Extroversion Test developed by Aziz & Agnihotris. Statistical techniques i.e. mean, S.D. & ‘t’ test was applied to find out the significance of difference between means. The results indicated that there was no significant difference in adjustment of male and female prospective teachers as well as married and unmarried prospective teachers. Further, the results also indicated that there was no significant difference in adjustment of extrovert male and extrovert female prospective teachers. There is no significant difference in the adjustment of introvert male prospective teachers and introvert female prospective teachers. While no significant difference was found in adjustment of extrovert male prospective teachers and introvert male prospective teachers. There was significant difference was found in the adjustment of extrovert female and introvert female prospective teachers.

This paper intends to compare the scientific aptitude among the Urdu and English medium secondary level students. A sample of 178 students (90 English medium and 88 Urdu medium) was selected through stratified random sampling method from the 10 secondary schools of Hyderabad City of Telangana State, India. For the sake of data collection, Scientific Aptitude Test Battery (SATB) developed by Agarwal & Aurora was used. The mean, SD and t- test was employed to analyze the data. The result revealed that English medium secondary level students possess better scientific aptitude than Urdu medium secondary level students. There is no significant difference in the level of scientific aptitude among the English and Urdu medium female secondary level students. The study also found that Urdu medium female students possess significantly better level of scientific aptitude than their male counterparts.

Arunachal Pradesh is one of the states of India where most of population is tribal. The formal system of Education started very late in the State in comparison to other states of India and North East. The first middle school stared in 1961 and the first college in 1964. Teacher play a key role in development of Education so teacher education need to strengthen in the state and new teacher education institutions should be open to cater the need of the region. Now Education is necessary for all round development of individual and society. So, in Teacher Education programme inclusive Education, citizenship, language development, sustainable development, Physical education, value Education etc should be included. Functioning and practices of Teacher Education institutions should also be revived to ensure quality in schools. The present paper is an effort to highlight the development of teacher education in Arunachal Pradesh; analyzes its present status and suggest some strategies for making it relevant in the present context.

Pollution affects not only the human health but also affects on environment. National development is also disrupted by the effect of environmental pollution. About one million people die each year because of water pollution and this is still largely because of traditional form of pollution which results from human dirt. It is estimated that at least 1 lakh people die each year from urban air pollution. Thus, at least one million or more will continue to die from pollution each year in India. This figure will rise to probably 2-3 million in a year with increasing the number of population. India takes some valuable steps to control the pollution. Some NGOs are playing very crucial role in order to reduce the environmental pollution. Along with these, few Educational institutions also have taken an important place through ensuring various programmes in the field of reducing environmental pollution. The present paper attempts to address the problems which originated due to the environmental pollution and also tries to focus on the role of educational institutions, NGOs and government in order to control this problem.

The aim of the present study was to explore teachers’ opinions towards inclusive education in Chandigarh and to gain more knowledge about the factors that may influence the implementation of inclusive practices in a school system. Data has been collected from 65 primary teachers selected randomly from 10 government primary schools of Chandigarh. It was found that many of the teachers had opine that Children with severe disabilities should be educated in special or separate settings and special education teachers are trained to use different teaching methods to teach students with disabilities more effectively but at the same time most of them also agreed that Inclusive education is likely to have a positive effect on the social and emotional development of students with disabilities. Qualitative analysis of the open ended questionnaire along with Focus group Interview with teachers regarding the education of children with special needs revealed that they are quite ready for educating CWSN in regular classrooms but they face various barriers and challenges that impact the teaching and learning of these children in general classrooms.

The study was designed to study the effect of yogic practices i.e. pranayamas and meditation on stress among adolescents. For the present investigation only two dimensions of stress were taken i.e. frustration and conflict. 100 respondents (50 boys and 50 girls) of X grade from Amritsar city were randomly selected and divided into two groups i.e. experimental and control group. Intelligence test was administered to form equivalent groups. The research instrument included pre-post Abha Rani Bisht Battery of stress. Data collected was used for analysis using statistical measures. Findings reveal that pranayamas and meditation contributed in significant reduction in the level of frustration and conflict in the experimental group as compared to the control group.

The prison system is expected to reduce crime rates not only by reforming criminals but also by discouraging the general public from behavior which is punishable by imprisonment. The prison system is also expected to make life unpleasant for people who, by their crimes, have made others’ lives unpleasant. Finally, society wants to reduce crime rates. The prison system in our country has now been improved much. In general, effects of imprisonment are the nature of the progressive weakling of mental powers and of a deterioration of the character in a way which renders the prisoners’ life fit for useful social life and in consequence they are no more liable to reconviction. Our enormous investment of time, energy and money for reformative or rehabilitative prison model has been demonstratively successful in preventing and controlling recidivism among prisoners. But in previous time the prison condition was not so good. Now, in Indian prison the caring of the prisoners are better and even improved as we compare with the ancient time. Many steps are being taken in India for prison reformation and one of the big steps is introducing education for prisoners. For this, the education system and its all facilities have been combined with the prison system so that the prisoners may get the education and engage themselves in a productive work for their livelihood and finally live their life respectfully when they come out from the prison. Through education the prisoners can also learn the socialism and learn how to behave with the people living in society. This approach expressed a definite attitude towards human beings that they are modifiable for the better if given the proper opportunity. But many Criminologist, psychologist and sociologist believe that the ways in which inmates adopt to prison life have simplifications not only for the institution and society but also for the future of the prisoners. Thus, through education the reformation in India may be possible and also by the proper management and caring of the prison and prisoners in Indian prison system. Indira Gandhi National Open University (IGNOU) has taken initiative to educate the Jail Inmates in Jails (Sudhar Grah) free of Cost across the country in the year of 2010. It aimed at fulfilling the learning needs of both literate and semi-literate prisoners. Data of IGNOU Regional Centre Karnal Haryana reveals that total 4131 Jail Inmates for Fresh admission (3435) and Re-registration (696) were admitted in various Jails from the year 2011 to 2017 having Fresh 83.15% and Re-registered 16.84%, in which ratio for male and female was 3388 (98.63%) and 47 (1.36%) for fresh admission. Maximum fresh enrolment (693) was in 2015 whereas minimum (280) in 2012. However, maximum Re-registration (161) was in 2017 and minimum (69) was in the year of 2012 under Regional Centre Karnal.

This paper examines the role and use of Information and Communication Technology (ICT), notably E-learning for effective science education. E-learning is globally accepted as one veritable tool for attaining access, equity and quality in science education. The paper states the need for effective use of ICT by science teachers in maintaining and controlling according to policies laid down for sustainable science curriculum. The study adopted a descriptive survey technique. A total of 600 science teachers were selected from a total population of 1,600 in the Southern States of Nigeria. Some research questions guided the study. The science teacher has to plan in his capacity as an educator in ensuring effective instructional services. The paper highlights various ICT resources that can be used for effective and efficient integrated science curriculum. It also states some of the benefits and challenges of the use of ICT in Science education. It is the contention of this paper that though using ICT for integrated science curriculum development may seem difficult, it is imperative to take advantage and invest in these ICTs to deal with the huge pressure faced in the country’s educational system. The remarks the need for infrastructure and how political will push ICT ahead.

India has been well-recognised as a source country, sending large number of students to different educational hubs around the world. Contrary to this, the present paper argues that India is an emerging educational hub in the South Asian region. Secondary data (Right to Information and All India Survey on Higher Education), in addition to policy documents of different ministries are analysed to make sense of macro trends in inward mobility of international students into India. The trend in international students in India has had its ebb and flow, but India has emerged as an important destination country for international students in South Asian and Southeast Asian region. Other major findings of the paper are as follows: Africa is emerging as an important source of international students. Within Africa, share of North, West and Middle Africa is rising, and the share of East Africa which traditionally sent higher number of international students has fallen; there is an important chuck of international students who are more influenced by the idea of socio-cultural exploration and personal development; there is a huge underreporting on international students from developed nations and Asian countries, including, Europe and North America. The paper concludes that at present India seems to adopt the strategy of mutual understanding and capacity building, and sees it as an opportunity to maintain its influence in not only South Asian1 and African region but also in developed regions around the world.

Azaadi Mera Brand

The central core of the successive progression of any nation depends of its socioeconomic development which in turn depends on value based quality education keeping in view to transform and enrich learners to adjust, sustain and perform democratically in modern time for creating beautiful niche and live life aesthetically. It is indispensable to imbibe 21st century skills, professional and vocational awareness, scientific aptitudes with application edge of technology and modern gadgets and soft –wares in addition to fundamental linguistic, mathematical and other competencies. It is pertinent to point out that all this knowledge, skill and affective domain based development depends on competence, merit, potential, skills and multifaceted quality of prospective teachers. Further, teachers play important role to develop human resource potential which is backbone of knowledge based economy extremely significant for developing country like India which believes in notion to be superpower by 2030. The quality of teacher education depends on programmes, policies and practices of teacher education Institutes. Further, it also depends on norms and regulations recommended by NCTE Delhi, UGC, Delhi and respective universities, SCERTs and educational Boards in states. The quality also gets affected by levels, quality and effectiveness of governance, systems and how well teacher education Institutes abide the norms laid down by NCTE and other regulating bodies. Resent paper investigates the scenario of private teacher education players in Haryana and the drastic conditions leading to depletion of quality in teacher education in varied areas. Present study may be implicated to address the perpetuating quality and the steps needed to be taken to reform, restructure and rejuvenate the quality crisis in India in general and Haryana in particular where only 2.5 to 3 per cent prospective teachers pass in CTET conducted by CBSE Delhi almost above than 90 percent belonging to private teacher education colleges, questioning the reliability of degrees and diplomas possessed by them bearing nomenclature of B.Ed., D.Ed. and so forth given by reputed universities at state and central level.

The concept of education in Indian context is always considered as the source of enlightenment and authority which changes and enables our country for advanced and collaborative development of our physical, mental, and intellectual faculties. Equality for women is a central social requirement. Women play an important part in the growth and evolvement of family. Women education is now regarded as the backbone of India’s social and national development. In this paper I am going to discuss the multiple visions of Tagore and Gandhi towards women education. Tagore was one of the greatest followers of women education. And Gandhi was also the supporter of women education. The present paper discusses the importance of women education in India. The vision of Tagore and Gandhi towards women education has been restrained the contribution of both philosophers regarding women education a comparative study. In today’s context their observations on women education are of utmost importance.

According to NCTE document National Curriculum Framework for Teacher Education (2009), the curriculum of teacher education is broadly dealt under three areas, viz; foundation of Education, curriculum and pedagogy and school internship. The foundation of education includes learner studies, contemporary studies and educational studies. Curriculum and pedagogy deal with curriculum studies, pedagogic studies and assessment and evaluation studies. According to revised norm of NCTE (2014), the curriculum of teacher Education broader focus on two years long duration of B.Ed. and M.Ed. and give emphasis on relevant learning experiences involving engagement with the field and Internship programmes. In this study the student teachers perception towards curriculum reform in various teacher Education Programme (B.Ed, M.Ed & D.EI.ED) have been studied. Population for the study is taken from Teacher Education institutions of Odisha. The sample of the study consisted of 300 students of teacher education programmes offered by RIE, Bhubaneswar (50 B.A/B.Sc. B.Ed., 50 B.Ed. and 50 M.Ed) and Radhanath IASE, Cuttack (50 D.EI.Ed, 50 B.Ed and 50 M.Ed). Data were collected with the help of a questionnaire. The components of the tool consisted of different areas of curriculum, viz; Perspectives in Education, Curriculum Pedagogic studies and Practicum and school Internship. Data were analyzed descriptively. It was noticed that a large majority of M.Ed students gave high opinion about different items covering three components of curriculum. A large majority of B.Ed. and B.A./B.Sc. B.Ed. programme students gave favorable opinion about curriculum reform. Similarly, a large majority of D.EI.Ed. Students expressed positive views about different areas of few teacher education curriculums. This is concluded that the curriculum reform in teacher education has been appreciated by the student teachers. Hence, appropriate steps must be taken to stabilize teacher education curriculum in view of making it more realistic and relevant to teaching learning system.

Research in education, as in other filed is a search for the truth; rather for better understandings of educational process. Knowledge acquired through research is of highest order. Educational research can no longer be considered to be in infancy. It has undergone nurturing during the last six decade, since the first thesis accepted in Bombay University. But in spite of this it has not been able to make strong impact on the education system. There is a strong case for looking afresh at the programme and practices of education research. The paper throws light on the quality concern issues in educational research and the measures taken by UGC through regulation for standard and procedure for standard and procedure for the award of Ph.D programmes. The paper overhauls the UGC initiative to counter quality concern, which came into effect in gazette (11th July, 2009) but many universities and institutions are not implementing the same. They are still doing the doctoral registration through the older rules and earlier procedure. The UGC recommendation of Pre-Ph.D. coursework of one semester before the commencement of the doctoral work will certainly help to improve the quality of educational research. But UGC offer just the guideline of coursework not the whole conceptual framework, which is left on individual university. The result in Pre-Ph.D. coursework in not being carried out in the same spirit, as it was meant for

The present paper reflects on the concepts such as faith, hope, belief, gratitude, forgiveness and humanity one witness being connected to God or some higher power. None of us has survived without these above stated notions in one’s life; therefore it would be right to say that positive psychology has existed in one form or the other since time immemorial. It can be traced back to our ancient epic Bhagavad Gita which embodies the finest principles of positive psychology for people of all ages. Thus, it can be said that spirituality maps similarity with positive psychology. Since there are many parallels between positive psychology and spirituality that leads to compare the two and explore what can be imbibed from one another which can eventually aid to deal with plethora of upcoming issues.

The present study explores the general intelligence level of degree college students. It also compares the general intelligence of students in terms of the type of management of the college (govt./private), locality of the college (urban/rural), the stream in which students study (science/arts) and the gender (male/female). Data was collected from a representative sample of 625 students from different degree colleges of Punjab. Test of General Intelligence for College Students by Misra and Pal was employed to conduct the study. T-test was used to analyse the data. The results of the study are: (a) Significant difference exists in the general intelligence of govt. and private college students, govt. college students scoring higher than the private college students. (b) There is significant difference in the general intelligence of urban and rural college students, urban college students showing higher score than their rural counterparts. (c) Science students show higher general intelligence than the arts students. (d) Male and female students do not differ significantly on general intelligence scores.

Technology plays an important role in every aspect of our lives and has certainly impacted the way we live. There has undoubtedly been a revolution in the education system through the gift of technology. A mix of technology with the conventional education system is a great combination if used with right reason and vision. This paper aims to observe the inclination of students towards blended learning. For this purpose, a student survey was carried out in Cluster University Jammu, to unveil the significance and effectiveness of blended learning as a mode of education. It was concluded that the students prefer blended learning over the conventional learning that provides great possibility to enhance the learning outcome of the students. The study proposes to infuse blended learning in education system to enhance the quality of education.

Vedic mathematics is the name given to the ancient Indian system of mathematics that was rediscovered in the early twentieth century from ancient Indian scripture namely Atharvaveda. The study was intended to compare the effectiveness of teaching mathematics through conventional and Vedic mathematics approach in the terms of students’ achievement in mathematics. In this experimental study, pretest-posttest equivalent control groups design was used having randomly selected sample of 30 students in each group from BKT Inter College, Lucknow. The study covered the major topics of UP Basic Education Board class VIII mathematics syllabus viz., square, square-root, factorization of algebraic expressions and simultaneous simple equations. Mean, standard deviation, t-test and effect size were used for analyzing the data collected through self-made Achievement Tests in Mathematics (ATM) as pretest and posttest. Students’ achievement in mathematics of experimental group on posttest was significant over that of control group. No significant difference was found between male and female students in each group on posttest. Effect size was calculated as Glass’ Δ which was 0.902. Thus the Vedic mathematics approach is found highly effective for enhancing the students’ achievement in mathematics as well as that of male and female students equally.

A experimental study investigated whether computer-assisted instruction package (games/simulations) as remedial teaching for learning disabled children among fifth grade students and whether computer assisted instruction help equally both boys and girls. The study adopted the pre-test-post-test-control group design. Simple random sample of sixty four students were drawn from seven schools in Meerut, Uttar Pradesh, India. The researcher developed computer assisted instructions package (game/simulations) for learning disabled children which was used as an instrument for experimental group while control group were exposed to traditional teaching method. The instrument for data collection was Diagnostic Test of Learning Disability DTLD Test. The t-test statistics was used to analyse the hypothesis. The findings revealed that experimental group performed better than the control group. The study found to be computer assisted instruction method was better than traditional method on fifth grade learning disabled students (boys and girls).

Cut throat competition is the hard reality and survival of the fittest is the mantra to live in this world. In this situation those persons, who can handle intrapersonal and interpersonal relations very well, they are successful. In this context, life skill education has become the essence to survive. Life skill education provides individual the strength, courage, and power to become resilient against the extremities of the world. From 1990s onwards WHO, UNICEF and other international organizations are working on it and able to identified ten psycho-social skills that an individual requires to survive. These skills are more relevant for children and adults belonging to marginalized and deprived sections of society as they are often being exploited either physically, sexually or mentally. It has been found out in researches that marginalized sections of society are most vulnerable to all kinds of exploitation and abuses. In this context, KGBV girls who belong to the most downtrodden sections of the society are being given training on life skill education. A research was carried out on two set of KGBV girls one who received training on life skill education from the master trainer (teachers) and other group who did not. A total of 240 students were taken as sample. A well being scale developed by Margaret Kern et al. called EPOCH was used in present research to see the effectiveness of the training programme. It was found out that group which received training on life skill education had significantly higher mean score in all the dimensions of EPOCH well being scale than those who didn’t. This indicates life skill education training programme has positive impact on the well being of children.

Teachers play very important role in managing classroom activities and use strategies to ensure that the classroom provides a context to support and facilitate learning. In today’s classrooms teachers must possess high degree of professional competences so that they can manage their classes efficiently and students get the maximum gain from their schooling. So, in the present study the investigator tried to explore the relationship between classroom management and professional commitment among secondary school teachers. Data was collected from 500 secondary school teachers by using classroom management scale by Neerja Gautam (2011) and Professional commitment scale by Dr. Ravinder Kaur, Sarvjit Kaur Brar and Dr. Sarabjit Kaur Ranu (2013). Results of the study revealed positive and significant relationship between classroom management and professional commitment.

This study examined the relationship between Perceived Stress and its different dimensions (pedagogy, practice teaching, teaching aids and generic stress) among prospective teachers. It is hypothesized that perspectives of perceived stress among prospective teachers are determined by stress generated teaching pedagogy, practice teaching, teaching aids and generic stress. Perceived stress and its different dimensions revealed a positive linear relationship. A quantitative approach was selected to explore this relationship. A survey was conducted with 300 prospective teachers from colleges of Education in Haryana, in order to find out the sources of stress through random sampling. Research instrument to measure perceived stress is prepared by researcher himself. By applying factor analysis on different statements related to pedagogy, practice teaching, teaching aids and generic stress, validity and reliability is determined with careful manner. Correlation and regression analyses revealed strong positive correlations between perceived stress and its predictors. Results revealed an essential significant effect of gender and marital status on perceived stress & levels of stress among prospective teachers. It is explored that female prospective teachers have reported more perceived stress and level of stress than male prospective teachers.. Married prospective teachers have high perceived stress and levels of stress as compared to those from unmarried prospective teachers. Suggestions and directions for future investigation are discussed.

The present study is aimed at investigating what the university teachers think about and what they practice on the ethical issues rose in the teaching process. To conduct the study, descriptive survey design was employed. A total of 90 teachers participated in the study and completed questionnaires. In the selection of the sample population, simple random sampling was used. The data were analyzed using percentage and central score-median. The results of the study unveiled that almost all teachers have positive or favorable perceptions on the ethical issues in teaching but the ethics in some of the teachers’ behavior and practices yet remains absent.

The perception of the respondents about the future possibilities in implementing the Web2.0 technology in higher education are studied and compared. The responses of teachers and students from science background from four different faculties of five universities are collected. For the purpose of study, the three dimensions are taken i.e. Implementation strategies; Educational benefits; the Barriers and the challenges faced w.r.t WEB2.0 technology and analysed through self developed 5 point likert scale with 26 items is used. The sample size is 220. The means are calculated and the each group is compared with Faculty of Education. For comparing the t-test is conducted at 0.05 confidence level. The lack of awareness is the major issue in using the technology.

The paper attempts to pursue critical reflection of the linkages between Science Education and Environmental Education (EE) and examines the challenges and possibilities of integrating and broadening science education using perspectives from environmental education. Although the pedagogical and epistemological conflicts between the two disciplines are often debated, it is argued that both the subjects have much to contribute to each other in terms of offering different perspectives and in creating a somewhat broader goal for science in the curriculum that encompasses interdisciplinary approach central to EE. Finally, the paper attempts to elaborate socio-scientific issues presented in the current science curriculum through epistemic and educational lens to highlight the lacunae in the existing science textbooks.

It is now a well known fact that integration of ICT with teaching-learning process enhances its quality and effectiveness in terms of incorporation of a variety of facts and data and increased collaboration among the students and that between the students and the teachers and hence their deeper conceptual understanding. There are plenty of e-resources available which may be utilized by the teachers and the students for discussion on the topics to be learnt. There are many e-resources which are highly contributing but still are some other resources which are less beneficial and may even impede the quality of learning. Now the questions arise- what are the criteria and strategies the teachers and students should adopt to evaluate the authenticity and effectiveness of the e-content to be used for learning and how the skills of evaluation of e-resources can be fostered in the students through the school curriculum. The present article explicates the criteria and strategies required by the students to assess the reliability of e-resources, especially in the subject of science. It also highlights the strategies utilized by the teachers and students of the so-called smart schools to identify and select the e-resources for learning.

Education regarded as a potential instrument of social change and national upliftment. The real education is given from primary and secondary classes because primary and secondary educations are the foundation of advancement of higher education. The step of universalisation of education has been taken to promote education for all at all stages (primary, secondary, and higher). Dropping out of children from secondary schools has been viewed now as a serious educational social problem after completing the primary education. Secondary education is a very important stage of education as it is the connecting link between primary and higher education. In this way dropout at secondary school level is acting as the main obstacle in the way of universalisation of education. The present study is a humble attempt to study the reasons related to socio economic status of dropouts at secondary school level. Such study will be helpful to solve the problem of dropout ratio at secondary level and through it our educational system becomes effective. The study was delimited to five government secondary schools of Sirsa district only.

South Asia region is experiencing rapid demographic transition with growing population, rising inverse dependency ratios and improved human development indicators. While the growing reserve of youth population - termed as ‘human capital’ is a good indicator for economic progression, it has not been capitalized effectively in order to realize a qualitative demographic dividend. Neither has the region utilized its manpower in spearheading its growth and development. On the basis of emerging theoretical underpinnings, this paper aims to examine existing challenges and suggest measures for progressive development of human capital - qualitatively and quantitatively. It emphasizes enhanced investments in South Asia’s young demographics and working age population to realise a favourable demographic dividend that in turn enables all round development of the region. The views are supported by current data and studies on the subject.

Procrastination can be a chronic problem for the students who usually enjoy spare time, too much involved in co-curricular activities and have long term deadlines. It can leads to their low grades in academics and can increase the stress level among them. This can cause problems in their career as Procrastination prevents students from reaching their goals. A sense of discomfort can also be inculcated among students, as things start accumulating. Due to Procrastination, students could always be wedged in problems and feel stressed also. The main objective of the present study is to explore whether there is a relationship exists between Procrastination, Stress and Academic Achievement among B.Ed. students of the GGSIP University. The researcher has collected data through the self-constructed Procrastination and Stress Scale which were administered on a sample of 100 B.Ed. students. The results of the study highlighted that there is a significant positive correlation among Procrastination, Stress and Academic Achievement exists among university students. The results of the study have significant implications about the prevention of Procrastination, reduction in stress and counselling of students in the colleges and in the universities.

The study has been conducted on 100 secondary school teachers of Rohtak Distt. Random sampling technique was used. The data was analyzed statistically by using mean, S.D. and Pearson co-efficient of corelation. This study primary aims at studying Teaching Effectiveness of school teachers in relation to Sense of Humor. The present study shows a positive correlation between Socio-Economic Status and Sense of Humor of secondary school teachers. A positive correlation of 0.199 was found between Teaching Effectiveness and Sense of Humor of secondary school teachers. On the other side a positive correlation of 0.2427 was found between the Teaching Effectiveness and Socio-Economic Status of secondary school teachers. It means if the Socio-Economic Status of secondary school teachers is increased, the Teaching Effectiveness of secondary school teachers is also increased. The present study also found a positive correlation (0.2378) between the Sense of Humor and Socio-Economic Status of secondary school teachers. In simple words if the Socio-Economic Status of secondary school teachers will be increase, the Sense of Humor of secondary school teachers will also be increase.

Harmful practices across the culture are not a new phenomenon. It has its roots in centuries ago. Many initiatives have been taken across the world to protect children/ girls from these malpractices. UN General Assembly 1954 reflected on laws and practices related to family and Marriage. The Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR) is a milestone document in the history of human rights. While taking into consideration the health of the women, traditional practices that affected their health was discussed in the commission on human rights 1984. This UN convention on child rights affirms the full development of the personality of the child and asserts to have a healthy family environment, an atmosphere of happiness and protection of children from all forms of violence across the world. The aim of this conceptual endeavour is to reflect on harmful practices practised across cultures, especially in Asian and African countries with respect to violation of child rights. Data has been gathered from various governmental and nongovernmental reports, research papers, articles and surveys. The analysis in the study is done on the basis of secondary sources of the data. Data with respect to harmful traditional practices across cultures and violation of child rights is presented from secondary sources. It has been found that many traditional harmful practices such as Corporal punishment, grotesque practice, branding of the child, Acid attack, binding of newborns and infants, bloodletting, Breast Ironing, and genital mutilation. Bleeding and cupping, male circumcision, milk tooth extraction, tattooing. Cauterization, cupping and scarification, Use of the cradle, Early and forced marriages, and Dowry and bride prizes are prevalent.

Occupational Stress refers to mental or physical tension or both, created and related to occupation and its environment. Due to technological changes all over the world, occupational stress has emerged as a growing concern for all working organizations including University libraries. Stress in library environment is not good for universities as it leads to decrease in quality of service delivery and job performance among library professionals. In the present study,descriptive survey method was employed to collect data from 301 library professionals working in central libraries of 24 universities of Punjab and Chandigarh. Questionnaire was used to measure the levels of occupational stress and job performance among library professionals. Statistical techniques like mean, S.D., t-test and ANOVA were used to analyze data and infer the results. Results of the study revealed that no significant difference was found in mean scores of occupational stress and job performance of library professionals on the basis of gender. A negative but significant co-efficient of correlation was found between occupational stress and Job performance among library professionals. The mean difference in job performance of library professionals with low and high level of occupational stress was found to be significant at .01 level.

Importance of Education has always been accepted by one and all. Developmental graph of mankind, over the years, presents a testimony to the multi dimensional efforts of one and all in understanding the nature of education and devising ways and means to carry forward the process of education with an objective of equipping young ones with skill to lead happy life and contribute towards the welfare of society. Massive efforts have been invested, both public and private, in financing and managing the education systems to build up a human capital that reflects itself in shared prosperity. However, one is confronted with a paradoxical situation with impressive levels of industrial and technological progress, successful space missions and large mass of illiterate population living below poverty line representing two ends of the spectrum in India. Global acknowledgement and recognition of IITs, IIMs and other institutes of higher learning is a well deserved pride for India but existence of a multitude of ill equipped and impoverished primary schools is a reality too. World Development Report-2018 mentions that ‘In rural India, just under three-quarters of students in grade 3 could not solve a two-digit subtraction such as 46 – 17, and by grade 5 half could still not do so’ and emphasizes that schooling is not the same as learning. This paper attempts to put in perspective efforts geared towards schooling, available evidence to highlight the role of teacher and propose measures to act on the evidence in order to bridge the gap between schooling and learning.

This paper analyses students’ High School Leaving Certificate result between the private and government schools from the year 2005 till 2013 and investigate major factor(s) responsible for poor performance in the government school result. For collecting information on teaching-learning process a sample made up of 120 teachers and 70 administrators from 70 schools randomly selected from all the 11 districts of the state of Nagaland. Data were analyzed using simple percentages, mean percent, SD and variance and Z-test. Result analysis has been done on the basis of private and government schools; boys and girls; district wise and interview has been conducted among teachers and administrators. Results showed that pupils in the private schools performed better than the government schools. Private schools’ management system, teaching-learning process, evaluation procedures are found to be better than government schools. Therefore, it is necessary to bring improvement in government schools through constant automated monitoring system for which a Continuous and Comprehensive Management System (CCMS) model is forwarded. The CCMS will efface human manipulation and enhance efficiency in the administrative system through modern technology catering students, parents, schools, VEC, DEO/SDEO, School Directorate; a consistent automated monitoring system is urgent to restore better educational environment in government schools

Due to the extensive use of technology in every walk of life, the educational institutes are also supposed to prepare their students to be technology literate (Kalanada, 2005). It is due to this reason the use of technology in schools in general and in classrooms, in particular, has been increasing day by day. To reap full benefits from the use of technology in education the policy planners must give due consideration to all the necessary conditions and environments, directly or indirectly, related to the technology use. Many researchers in the field of education have explore the various factors that influence the technology use in education in one way or the other. The most prominent factors amongst the factors that affect the successful use of computers in the classroom is the teachers’ attitudes towards computers. The present study was, therefore, undertaken to examine the attitude of teachers towards use of technology in teaching. For the present research a sample of 100 school teachers was drawn from 10 schools of Nurpur and Jawali Blocks of Distt Kangra by using convenient sampling technique. A self developed questionnaire was used by the researcher for the purpose of data collection. The study found that about 25% of the teachers had only favourable attitude towards use of technology in teaching. No significant difference was found between attitude of teachers towards use of technology in teaching in relation to their gender and teaching experience.

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Lifelong learning is designed to enable people, at any stage of their life, to take part in stimulating learning experiences, as well as developing education and training across the society. It implies that learning is a continuum which occurs every day, week, month, and year. The present paper explains what N. F. S. Grundtvig, Rabindranath Tagore, Mahatma Gandhi, and Paulo Friere meant by Lifelong learning and Learning for life with relevance to the present context. Lifelong learning has three broad constituent elements: Learning for life, Learning for livelihood, and Learning throughout life. The first one, learning for life is a Grundtvigian innovation of more than 200 years. The aim of this education, as visualized by him, should make neither education nor itself its goal but the requirements of life. It must take life as it really is and shed light on and promote its usefulness. Rabindranath Tagore and Mahatma Gandhi have thought about the three components of lifelong learning in a holistic way. Learning for life denotes learning which is essential for the human being, a learning that adorns life and makes it worth living. Tagore felt that to uplift the quality of life of rural community, the rural population should be brought within the circumference of formal, informal, and non-formal learning so that the people themselves could appreciate and enhance their own cultural traditions. Mahatma Gandhi experimented with the same thoughts when he came out with his concept of basic education. His scheme placed supreme importance on knowing through doing, which he visualized as craft-oriented. To Paulo Friere, ‘Conscientization’ is the most important aspect of education. Conscientization is a political-education process which enables the masses to overcome ‘false consciousness’. This is absolutely necessary for the oppressed masses to get rid of ‘Culture of Silence’. In today’s 21st century the concept of lifelong learning and learning for life are extremely relevant to keep oneself ongoing and meet the latest requirements of the technology driven society.

Education is relevant only if we take care of our learners. Teachers must therefore be sensitive not to the covering of the curriculum but to the learning that has taken place in the transaction. Teachers cannot ignore the students who do not keep pace with the teaching-learning process. Some students do feel neglected and unwanted in the whole transaction of the school system. This category of students need to be taken utmost care and tackled in a manner that will produce better output from them. In the process, they will tend to realize themselves in a better way and develop positive attitudes towards themselves. The study thus has focused its attention on teachers in particular, their attitude towards slow learners and the efforts taken for them for their overall development.

Getting students interested in learning science and opting for a science-based career has always been a dream, despite the associated challenges in the form of dropout and attenuated student interest, for the university teacher. Secondly, in college or university academic curriculum, large classes often become a necessity to ensure uniformity in concept delivery. As a consequence, the best teacher strives to become something akin to an all-rounder, where the huge diversity concomitant with large crowds (classes) needs to be addressed to succeed. The present work was carried out to tackle the above challenges by introducing certain innovations in the teaching methodology. In the present study, the author experimented with the different fields from which analogies could be picked up to deliver relevant biological concepts; other pedagogical tools used were variety in language usage; student-teacher distance; colourful and pictorial slides with least text, musical concept summaries, drama, story, humor; interruption in lecture delivery was often done by asking questions of higher Bloom’s taxonomy levels from the students, and allowing them time for peer discussion. Clapping for correct answers was encouraged to break the monotony of sitting sedentarily in class. Analogy pertaining to a real life inspiring figure was deemed the most effective by student community. Among other pedagogical tools, questions from previous years’ exam papers were most effective. It was also realized that timing of the non-academic element (such as story or music) was important for effective lectures. The present study, although simple and small in scale, could help guide further classroom innovations where introduction of variety in the traditional lecture mode in biology (science) classes is the ultimate goal.

The present study aimed at developing Responsible Environmental Behaviour in Indian adolescents . A sample of 260 students of class IX studying in Private Schools of Patiala affiliated to CBSE, constituted the population for the study. The objective of the study was to find whether groups taught through Active Learning Programme and Traditional Teaching Method differ in mean gain scores on Responsible Environmental Behaviour by investigator for giving treatment to one of the two groups (Active Learning Programme group) and Responsible Environmental Behaviour scale developed and standardized by the investigator herself to collect the scores on Responsible Environmental Behaviour. The findings reveal that there exists a significant difference between group taught through Active Learning Programme and group taught through Traditional Teaching Method in the mean gain scores on the variable of Responsible Environmental Behaviour.

The present study was undertaken in Nizamabad district of Telangana to assess the awareness, need, preference of rural people towards Insurance and Investment schemes. Primary data collected from 100 respondents in five villages (Mosra, Govuru, Chinthakunta, Chandur and Varni) of Nizamabad district through well-structured questionnaire. For analysis Descriptive statistics used such as averages, percent analysis. The study revealed that awareness level in rural areas on rural insurance and investment schemes, in case of insurance 53 per cent, in case of investment 47 per cent. Govuru respondents have more awareness on rural insurance and investment schemes (65 per cent and 55 per cent) than Mosra, Chinthakunta, Chandur and Varni respondents.

The present study investigated student unrest in Himachal Pradesh University, its causes and suggestion for solving the problems. For the purpose of the study 82 students were selected by using purposive sampling techniques. Descriptive survey method was applied for collection of data and non parametric data analysis technique was applied for analysis of data. It was found that Major causes of students’ unrest were Behavior of employees and transparency, placement services, educational problem. Most of students were in favor of Students Union election however they were not in favor of interference of political parties in the University campus. Male students were more in favour of student union election than female students. At the end study draws some conclusion, discussion and educational implications of further improvement.

This paper makes an attempt to find out the relationship of adjustment with the academic performance for the Urdu medium male and female secondary level students. Sample of the study consisted of 336 Urdu Medium secondary level students (143 male and 193 female) selected by stratified random sampling procedure. Data were analyzed by using t-ratio and Pearson Product Moment correlation coefficient (r) techniques. The major findings of the study indicated that the coefficients of correlation of adjustment with academic performance for both the groups are found to be positive and significant.

The present study was undertaken to study the effect of learning and thinking style on academic achievement of secondary school students. Academic achievement was treated as dependent variable whereas; learning and thinking style, locality and gender were treated as independent variables. A sample of 500 secondary school students was selected through multi-stage random sampling technique. Style of Learning and Thinking (SOLAT) test developed by Venkataraman (2011)[22] was used to measure learning and thinking style of students in terms of their hemisphericity functions of the brain. The obtained data were analyzed using Three Way ANOVA with 2×2×2 factorial design. Levene’s Test of Homogeneity of Variance was also applied to test the assumption of homogeneity of variance for ANOVA. Main effects of learning and thinking style, locality and gender on academic achievement of secondary school students were found to be significant. Significant interaction effect of learning & thinking style and locality; learning & thinking style and gender was reported on academic achievement of secondary school students. Further, no significant interaction effect of locality & gender was reported on academic achievement of secondary school students. Triple interaction effect of learning and thinking style, locality and gender on academic achievement of secondary school students was found to be significant. The findings of the present study has an implication for teachers that they should find out the dominant part of their students’ brains first and then use the appropriate classroom techniques, methods and tools according to them only then better and greater learning can be accomplished.

Education plays an important role in the growth and prosperity of a nation and financial resources assume much significance in ensuring accessibility, equity and quality in education. Expenditure on education is an investment that can help foster economic growth. But, at present the education budget is declining day by day which is creating serious financial constraints in the working of education system. So, there is a need for effective and efficient use of financial resources. The present study attempts to concentrate on the management of public expenditure on education for sustainable economic growth in India. The data variables used in the present study are Government expenditure on education and Gross Domestic Product at real prices. The study period has been taken from post liberalization period i.e.1991-92 to 2011-12.CAGR (Compound Annual Growth Rate) has been used to examine the growth of education expenditure by using log linear regression model. Ordinary least square regression has been used to study the impact of education expenditure on economic growth. Study found that the public expenditure on education increased remarkably but the rate of increase not necessarily kept pace with students’ enrollment and number of educational institutions. The regression results shows that increase in government expenditure on education has positive impact on economic growth which leads to sustainable development. So, there is a need to stress upon the central government, state government and planning commission to revise their thinking while making allocation of resources to education.There is a need for sustainable funding of education sector to maintain the sustainable economic growth.

Specific Learning Disorder (SpLD) as a ‘Disorder’ has started attaining considerable attention recently because of the felt need to ensure timely identification and intervention for the betterment of the present and future suffering of such children. For achieving this purpose, better understanding of every aspect of SpLD is very essential for the teachers, as he/ she has the responsibility towards such students being specially able children and it is necessary to guide and train them in proper direction. While highlighting the need and importance of early identification of the students with specific learning disorder, this paper will focus on the various tools and techniques for the screening of SpLD; national and international level programs and policies and school based interventions that can facilitate the learning which can give wings to the dreams of such students.

There is a great need to identify and develop positive attitude towards science subject of student teachers. The time has come to increase our efforts to develop positive attitude towards science subject among teachers, student teachers and school children. This is an immediate requirement of the present day Here, the role of Teacher Educational institution is vital. This paper reports on attitude of student teachers towards science and the role of Teacher Educational institutions in developing it. The sample consists of 1080 student teachers of Madurai revenue district. A scale on attitude towards science was used to get the data from the student teachers. Percentage analysis, Mean, Standard deviation and‘t’ tests were used for analyzing the data. The results showed that there is significant difference in attitude towards science of Government Aided and Self Finance College student teachers.

This paper is an attempt to find out the relationship of personality hardiness with work related stress among secondary school teachers in the state of Punjab. Personality Hardiness Scale For Teachers (Kaur & Kaur, 2012) and Self-constructed and standardised Work Related Stress Scale For School Teachers were employed on a sample of 500 (250 male and 250 female) secondary school teachers randomly selected from Ludhiana, Hoshiarpur, Jalandhar and Gurdaspur districts of Punjab. The study reveals a negative and significant relationship between personality hardiness and work related stress among secondary school teachers.

The 21st Century teacher is required to augment and connect learning via innovative digital methodologies as digital technology can excite learners and even provide an engaging alternative vis-à-vis the conventional methodologies. This is a statement often uttered in education circles. The questions before us are: are our teachers inclined towards technology? Are they aware of a variety of technological tools that can be embedded in teaching? Are they be able to create their own learning objects? Unfortunately, largely ‘NOT’. This paper presents a classroom adventure wherein, B.Ed. teacher trainees created digital objects in the form a Shareable Content Objects (SCO).

The present study was conducted on a sample of 500 married women teachers teaching in schools and colleges in the state of Punjab, India. Data was collected with the help of teacher self-efficacy scale constructed and standardized by investigator. The major findings of the study reveal that school and college women teachers do not differ significantly on teacher self-efficacy. Women teachers generally have average level (Fifty Four Percent) of teacher self-efficacy.

Educational system today aims to design a creative and effective interdisciplinary approach to teaching, learning, and assessment taking into account the intellectual gifts of each student (Diaz-Lefebvre and Finnegan, 1997). Learning takes place best when Educators try to know what helps students learn and then adjust teaching strategies to enhance the method of instruction. Students can learn from a combination of modalities, hands-on activities, oral and visual instruction and a combination of these methods. In 1983, Howard Gardner, a noted Harvard psychologist and educator theorized that there are multiple intelligences that dictate how children process and understand information. According to Gardner, all individuals possess, exhibit and perceive the world in eight different and equally important ways as verbal – linguistic, logical – mathematical, visual - spatial, musical - rhythmical, bodily – kinesthetic, interpersonal, intrapersonal, naturalist but in a varying amount and combine and use them in different ways. Therefore every educator should assess their low vision child’s multiple intelligences to address their strengths and build upon their weakness. According to Gardner, “the broad spectrum of student and perhaps the society as a whole—would be better served if disciplines could be presented in a number of ways and learning could be accessed through a variety of means”. Thus the present study has been chosen by the investigator in order to know the Multiple Intelligence of children with Low vision.

The present study investigates the career choice preferences among rural and urban adolescents in relation to their intelligence. The study consisted of 200 students of 10th class randomly drawn from four different schools of Amritsar district. Data was collected with the help of career choice preferences checklist by Bhargava and Bhargava (2004) and intelligence test by Raven, Raven and Court (2000) was used. The data obtained were analyzed statistically with the help of Mean, SD, t-ratio and correlation was used to arrive at the following conclusions: (i) There existed significant difference between the career choice preferences of rural and urban adolescents with respect to mass media and journalism, artistic and designing, science and technology, agriculture, commerce and management, defence, education and law & order. (ii) There existed significant difference between the intelligence of rural and urban adolescents. (iii) There existed significant difference between the dimensions of career choice preferences of adolescent boys and girls. (iv) There existed significant difference between the intelligence of adolescent boys and girls. (v) There existed significant relationship between the dimensions of career choice preferences and intelligence of rural adolescents. (vi) There existed significant relationship between the dimensions of career choice preferences and intelligence of urban adolescents. (vii) There existed significant relationship between the dimensions of career choice preferences and intelligence of adolescent boys. (viii) There existed significant relationship between the dimensions of career choice preferences and intelligence of adolescent girls. (ix) There existed significant and positive relationship between the dimensions of career choice preferences and intelligence of total sample.

Rights are inalienable in nature. They are the basic entitlement of every citizen in democracy. They guarantee the minimum basic need of an individual in a society. Rights have been recognized fundamental to every human being for their survival in society as well as in a nation. It is the guarantee of the State to provide and safeguard the rights of its citizens. Rights have been well documented in several International forums as well as in the constitution of countries. Minorities occupy a special place in any country of the world. India as a country believes in unity and diversity and boasts about its religious pluralism. Indian constitution has provided several safeguards for the minorities to bring them into mainstream and to protect them from arbitrary discrimination of the majority. Muslims in India are recognized as the largest minority and there strength is more than the total strength of all other minorities in the country. Despite such a sizeable share of the population, they are largely backward and poor in all aspects of development. This paper discusses the concepts of rights recognized at International forums as well as in the constitution of India, and discusses the prevailing condition of Indian Muslims despite all the safeguards and rights available to them.

We constantly need creativity and intelligence for new and better ideas to solve our problems. The main aim of this research paper is to find out the verbal and non verbal creativity of 10th class students to recognize, develop and act upon the divergent thinking and intelligence they already possess. They recognize and cultivate the inherent creativity in their own and with others classmates, they may identify characteristics of a creative person, develop creative thinking, problem solving and using creative skills using their basic elements of the creative process, examine qualities of a creative environment in real world settings.

Vocational choice refers to an occupation, which a person has followed for a period of years in which he/she is generally recognized to have become fairly an expert through experience. Vocational choice decision making is not an easy task, yet at one time or the other, individuals are faced with the task of making a choice of career, preparing for it and start making progress in it. The study investigated factors influencing vocational choice of senior secondary school students in Ilorin metropolis. Two hundred senior secondary school students were randomly sampled from ten randomly selected senior secondary schools in the metropolis. A self-developed instrument titled “Factors Influencing Vocational Choice Questionnaire” (FIVCQ) was used to collect relevant data from the respondents. The instrument was developed on a 4 point Likert scale of SA, A, D, SD, which has subscales of parental, personal/social and school related factors within 10 items each. The instrument was validated, pilot tested and the reliability coefficient ascertained its reliability. The main finding of the study revealed that “Personal / Social Factors” was expressed to be the highest factor influencing senior secondary school students’ vocational choice. Other factors as expressed by them are “School and Parental Factors”. It was therefore recommended that school counsellors at all educational level should be trained to provide adequate and effective vocational guidance to students. And programmes like career day/week, vocational enlightenment programmes and other guidance programmes that are educative and informative should be sponsored in the school for students’ benefit.

Education is a process of learning through which a person can collect, compare, organize, and disseminate knowledge with an effective way to present oneself in front of society with a positive attitude. It helps a person to take decision, judgement and express his/her view. In this context Higher Education System is doing something in a broader aspect of the Inductive process (Specific to General way). It encourages one to develop knowledge for connecting with someone who stands to the other side of the boundary. The objective may be fruitful if we execute the process properly and it gives benefit to others. Further, the ambition of higher education is to widen the path of gen - y for research and innovative development. A few of supporting tools are playing an important role to carry forward the knowledge domain. One of them is Library and Information Services which facilitates scholarly communication by providing resources and services. One’s thinking ability contributes to innovative changes, to help navigate our society. Library and Resource Centres are basically rejuvenating, nourishing, and polishing the talent of end users by providing necessary academic documents.

To cope up with the growing speed and revolution of advance life, our students require new life skills like the talent to deal with frustration and stress. In a broad way, approach related to life skills develops different skills in adolescents to build the necessary abilities for human development and to accept behaviors positively which assist them to effectively deal with the tasks of routine life. Life skills assist adolescents to transfer positively from infancy to maturity through the growth of social skills and emotional skills. Emotional intelligence is connected with having life skills. Emotional intelligence was considerably related with the skills of satisfaction of life, solve different problems, and to cope up with stress. The connection between life skills and emotional intelligence explored that high level of emotional intelligence was significantly correlated with high level of satisfaction with life, to cope up with stress, problem-solving, and lower stress. Children need social coaching and proper guidance as they learn appropriate ways of behaving and adapting to their own environment. Emotional literacy improves relationships, creates loving possibilities between people, makes cooperative work possible, and facilitates the feeling of community. So it is very helpful to develop life skills. It will take time to develop your emotional intelligence, but it will lead to maintainable change of behavior through whichyou will improve the way to manage yourself and learn the way you work with others. Research specifies that the people who are emotionally literate can do better in many areas of their lives. Emotional intelligence is a way of recognizing, understanding, and choosing how we think, feel, and act. So it is the essential for the society that our recent education system should be revisedwhile thinking about the increasing importance of emotional intelligence and consequently get benefits for our students, but only then if it is appropriately incorporated in our educational curriculum.

Project Based learning (PBL) is a student centered instructional approach used to promote active learning by involving students in investigation real world issues in a collaborative environment. It gives learner’s pace of learning, place and learner’s control of time. PBL is a innovative teaching method and it is based on constructivist epistemology and pedagogy. In this method, children construct their own knowledge with their own experiences. The main object of the present study is to examine the efficacy of PBL on educational achievement in science at secondary level. This research is based on Pre-test Post-test Control Group Quasi Experimental Design. In this study, one secondary school was selected with the help of simple random sampling technique. All 60 students of class 9th of that school were included in research and they were divided in to two equal groups. There were 30 students in experimental group and 30 students in control group. Researcher used self-made APAT (Air Pollution Achievement Test) for data collection. The Pre-test of APAT administrated on both groups before starting the experiment. After it, the learning opportunities were given to experimental group through PBL and to control group through traditional method to learn chapter air pollution of science subject for 16 days. When treatment was over, Post-test of APAT was administrated by the researcher. An analysis of data was done using both descriptive (Mean, Median, Mode) and inferential (t-test) statistics after collecting data. Hypotheses were tested on 0.05 level of significance. After analysis of data it is found that the educational achievement level of experiment group is more than the achievement level of control group. That’s by it is proved that PBL is more effective learning approach than traditional method to learn science.

The study attempts an understanding of the impact of the global on the local taking space as a mediator. Using a constructivist perspective it utilizes the already existing rich literature in cultural geography and documents re-negotiation of identities with the restructuring of the social and cultural universe of three villages of South Delhi. It proceeds through analysis of narratives obtained from inhabitants of the villages as well as from participants in the process of these inhabitants’ interface with the changing architectural and cultural landscape around their habitat. The arrival of consumerist cultures, media convergence and a world of hyper reality in the post-globalisation phase has given rise to deep conflicts and identity strain for these tradition bound village dwellers. In its final analysis, the paper highlights unique adaptive mechanism resorted to by those impacted with new currents of change and transition.

This paper aims to understand and critically analyses the various underlying theoretical constructs to evolve a critical pedagogy of English in Indian classrooms language leaning is not an isolated process, it is an amalgation of multiple voices and multiple identities. These voices and identities are quite different from the ‘cultural values’ imbibed and inculcated through English. So critically pedagogy builds a bridge between L1 (Language 1 or Mother Tongue) and L2 (English) by giving space to multiple voices and multiple identities and transforming language learning into an agent of social change

The word sustainable development and Gross National Happiness seem to be synonyms in the present context as many of the objectives of both the concepts are overlaps and similar. So in the context of Bhutan GNH policies are meant to achieve sustainable development. In the 1970s, the Fourth King of Bhutan, Jigme Singye Wangchuk announced “Gross National Happiness is more important than Gross National Product”. Since then Gross National Happiness [GNH] became the Bhutan’s development guideline where development is holistic, comprehensive and sustainable. In 2008, GNH become an official national objective to pursue of wellbeing and happiness of citizen through implementing GNH index in county’s development policies, plans and programmes. As Bhutan’s development is based on GNH index that focuses on nine domains, out of which Education is one of the important domain where 7.5% of the government budget are allocated in this sector. Therefore, this paper seeks to assess the role of education for successful implementation of sustainable development in Bhutan.

Academic anxiety has become one of the most debatable topics of present school education. Academic Achievement of students is very much depending upon the level of academic anxiety. Present research study was carried out on a sample of 204 (Male & Female) secondary school students. Sample was drawn from four Secondary Schools of Aligarh District, (U.P.)India by employing purposive sampling technique. Analysis was done by calculating Mean, SD, Pearson Correlation (r) and t- test. A very comprehensive interpretation was made in the light of previous studies. Findings of the study revealed that a negative significant correlation was found between academic achievement and academic anxiety of secondary school students. Moreover, no significant difference was found between academic achievements of high and low academic anxiety of male and female students. Further researches are suggested for more generalised results

Non-governmental organizations (NGOs) play a pivotal role in all necessary fields of the people, particularly those of the weaker sections of the society. It cannot be denied that some of the NGOs have been working for the cause of deprived people in almost all areas of deprivation, especially for their health and education. However, the maximum number of NGOs, the so-called non-profit organizations, has been involved in promoting their own interest rather than of the society. At this point, it is needed to examine the role of selected NGOs in tribal education from their viewpoints. This paper is based on study of the NGOs in imparting education to the tribal students.

The main objective of the present study was to examine the relationship between emotional intelligence and academic achievement of UG students. Academic achievement of the participants was measured through their annual examination results. In this research secondary data has been collected out of which we find out the correlation between emotional intelligence and academic achievement. A sample of 500 participants randomly selected from three universities situated at Varanasi (UP, India) was used. Four research hypotheses were formulated to guide the study. Pearson correlation and t-test was applied to test the hypotheses. The present study is exploratory and descriptive in nature. The research method of the study is correlational. To find the significance of difference between the mean scores of male and female students on Emotional Intelligence scale and academic achievement; t-test was used. Further, t-test was also used to study the effect of high and low Emotional Intelligence on academic achievement. The study revealed that there is a positive relationship between emotional intelligence and academic achievement. Female students scored high as compared to male students. This is considered important because of its impact in improving the academic achievement of students. The findings of this study may assist stakeholders in the education sector in developing a better understanding of the effects of emotional intelligence on the academic achievement of students.

This study attempts to map two of the most vital social processes among children in the contexts of Slum. The two social processes being working and Learning; without violating the legislative frameworks on child labour, children working inside the household as domestic labour or in the household enterprise is a dominant phenomenon in the urban centers observed among those whose household income is derived from the informal sector and have lower income levels. The working forms and time vary from context to context. Due to the enormity of the informal sector in India and efforts to curb the exploitation of children due to labour, focus inlaid on making and implementation of social policy addressing child labour. In this light, this study tries to study the nature and forms of work undertaken by children in the slum, which inhabits a significant percentage of urban population. These working processes, although well in legal bounds, are yet observed to affect the education of the child, thereby highlighting the graveness of the problem even in legitimized forms. Educational outcomes are chosen as a tangible indicator to make sense of the learning process occurring in the child. This study highlights how various components that constitute educational outcomes are affected by the work undertaken by the child.

This paper attempts to study the impact of education on earnings in the state of Nagaland in India. The returns to education are derived through the Mincerian earnings function. The study found positive relation between years of schooling and income. Overall, income increases by 5.5 percent for each year increase in schooling. The rate of return to schooling is found to be highest for primary education at 17.2 percent, while that of secondary and higher education are found to be 6 and 7.5 percent respectively. Females have higher rate of return at 6.9 percent as compared to males at 2.8 percent. Similarly, urban workers have higher returns to schooling at 5.7 percent comparing to rural workers at 4.8 percent.

The quality of citizens of a country depends upon the quality of education. The quality of their education depends, more than any other single factor, upon the quality of their teachers. Teacher by means of in-service education revive his theoretical knowledge, refresh his experiences, develops a wider outlook and acquire new information and thus re-orients himself. In the absence of such refreshing opportunity he may relapse into professional illiteracy and fall into the old set of mind. On the basis of the above exigencies, the SSA envisages provisions for trained and committed teacher preparation. In the state of Odisha (India), Samarthya (2011-12) a state-level integrated in-service training package for teachers is being implemented by the School and Mass Education Department for different categories of teachers working in primary, upper primary and secondary level such as in-service teachers, newly recruited teachers, under qualified teachers, head teachers, teachers working at BRC, CRC and Block level. The study was conducted on stakeholders of elementary education such as 421 elementary teachers, 72 Master Trainers and 21 supervisory personnel with the help of questionnaires to assess the quality of programme management. The findings revealed that majority of the teachers, trainers and supervisory personnel (viz: BRC and CRC Coordinators) are satisfied with the management of in-service training programme organized for the teachers from time to time; and the quality of such programmes are at par with national requirements.

Man has many needs, drives, aims and ambitions in life and he continuously makes efforts to fulfill them. But in certain situations he faces a state of confusion and predicament especially when there are some blocks in the way. This condition is termed as frustration. There are many factors which help a person in coming out from frustration. One among these factors is the parental encouragement. The main objective of this study was to know the level of frustration among and also to study the relationship between frustration and parental encouragement of adolescents. The sample of the study consisted of 250 students of 10th class taken from 6 schools. Parental Encouragement Scale by Sharma and Frustration Test by Chauhan and Tiwari were used to collect the data. The study found that more than half of the adolescents have low level of frustration and nearly one-third have average level of frustration. Frustration level of boys is significantly higher than the girls. 40.4% of the adolescents are getting average level of parental encouragement. More of the adolescents are getting low level of encouragement from parents in comparison to those who are getting high level of encouragement. The study found that there is not a significant difference in the level of parental encouragement of the boys and girls. Frustration among boys is significantly related to their parental encouragement but it is not significantly related in case of girls.

In the past, Indian educational system depends on didactic approach in teaching and learning that based on teachers’ instructions. However, in the era of globalization, educational system nowadays are progressing with regards to approach of teaching and learning at every level towards a more active and constructive education. This article examines traditional teaching approach paradigm which is teacher-centered and a new paradigm which is student-centered, in the context of Indian educational system, viewing from an Indian educational perspective. It finds that this new paradigm could develop more active learners who have acquired the skills of problem-solving, independent thinking, and autonomous learning.

Problem solving forms an important ingredient of all scientific disciplines and it also constitutes an integral part of mathematics and science programmes at all level of studies viz. primary, secondary and upper secondary, almost everything that an individual does involves problem solving which is directed towards achieving a goal. The present study was designed to seek answers to three questions viz. whether there exist difference in problem solving ability and interest in science among boys and girls, and whether there exist any correlation between problem solving ability and interest in science. The results indicate that there is no significant difference in problem solving ability of girls and boys. The results also show that the difference in interest in science of girls and boys is significant. The coefficient of correlation between the problem solving ability and interest in science of the adolescents was found to be 0.494 which was found significant at 0.01 level of significance in the study.

Contents Vol. 9, No. 1, April 2018

Students’ attitudes and perceptions may influence their test preparation strategies. The type of assessment may also affect the preparation protocol.The goal of this action researchstudywas to examine the attitudes of students as they prepared to take an assessment and explore the relationship between student attitudes and their preparation for specific types of assessments. Multiple choice and essay examinations were chosen as the assessments for this study. The findings of the study indicate that students preferred multiple choice examinations. The findings also indicate that the students utilized an overall surface approach to learning in preparation for the assessments. However, students also indicated that they believed the essay examination was the more accurate of the two assessments and that grades on the assessments were more important than knowledge of the science content.

The present study was aimed at finding the Effect of Students’ Feedback and Teaching Position of Teachers on Attitude towards Teaching of Secondary School Teachers. This study was experimental in nature. Sample was comprised of 102 Secondary School Teachers teaching in different five schools of Gurgaon city and students taught by them. In the Experimental group after taking students appraisal data of teacher effectiveness feedback was given to the teachers by the researcher. This Students’ feedback was comparative and non comparative overall and dimension wise. It also included suggestions elicited from the students on important aspects of their teaching. The present study revealed that Attitude towards Teaching was independent of Gender, Students’ Feedback and also of their interactional effect, when Pre- Attitude towards Teaching was taken as co-variant.

The education system in a country reflects the ethos, aspirations and expectations of a generation. Education gives positive thoughts, conducts and actions so that a man can develop himself with all dimensions of life successfully and become a satisfied person. The Report of the International Commission on Education for 21st Century to UNESCO referred to four planes of living of human individuals, namely, physical, intellectual, mental and spiritual. Thus, all round development as the stated purpose of education implies optimization of hidden potential of every child in the physical, intellectual, mental and spiritual planes. Evaluation is back bone of teaching learning process. Therefore Evaluation becomes a process for finding out how far the learning experiences are actually producing the desired results. As a result, it is possible to note in what respects the curriculum is effective and in what respects it needs improvement. In recent years, there has been a growing concern for improving the quality of achievement of all learners at school level. But this aim to improve learners’ quality and to universalize the improved quality is not being realized totally due to imperfect teaching learning processes and improper evaluation practices which are conventional and narrow in their scope. They stressed the point that the evaluation should be comprehensive in nature, wherein all learning experiences pertaining to scholastic, co-scholastic and personal and social qualities are assessed. It is a very well known fact that the evaluation practices carried out in schools aim to measure the knowledge and understanding outcomes of learners, neglecting the evaluation of skills and higher mental abilities. Therefore evaluation becomes very important to continuously revise and introduce such measures and schemes which will impact the mind, character and physical ability of the learner. Evaluation has remained a major irritant in the entire system of educational growth and development. It is the issue discussed widely but which could not be given a proper shape to solve the problems. All policy documents pertaining to Indian education stated that evaluation system in vogue was inadequate and required changes. This study is an attempt to find out teachers’ perception about the scheme of continuous and comprehensive evaluation, the problems they face while its execution and the suggestions that teachers want to give in making CCE effective and fruitful on ground realities.

The paper is based upon rethinking the teaching learning process in Indian Classrooms and attempts mainstreaming gender concerns not only within the classroom learning but also beyond such boundaries. The collaborative efforts at primary, secondary and higher level education may help in achieving the desired understanding of the power play that exerts pressure on a subject to perform gender as per conventions in a patriarchal setup. The paper reflects upon the various practices prevalent in schools and urges upon rethinking the existing teaching-learning process so as to be inclusive through such creative activities and practices which will not only sensitize students and teachers but will also open up a unique platform for re-socialisation of the parents and thereby mediate the bridging up of generation gap as well.

The problems of solid waste disposal such as odors, pest infestation, community littering, and devastating effects on environmental health are serious in our secondary schools. This study investigated the effects of motivation package on secondary school students’ attitudes towards solid waste disposal in Jos North, Plateau State, Nigeria. This research used quasi-experimental research with a non-equivalent group design. The subject of the research is all SSII Geography students of public and private senior secondary schools in Jos North Local Government Area. The stratified sampling and simple random sampling techniques were employed for the study. The sample includes 43 geography SS2 students from intact classes of the four sampled schools. The experimental group was made up of 8 males and 12 females while the control group was made up of 11 males and 12 females. Therefore there are 20 and 23 students in the experimental and control group respectively. The Students Attitudes towards Solid Waste Disposal Questionnaire (SATSWDQ) was used. The t-test of the independent sample was used to test hypotheses 1 and 2, while Analysis of Covariance (ANCOVA) was used to test 3 and 4 respectively. The statistical package for social sciences (SPSS) version 23 was used for the analysis. The findings show that there is no significant difference between the experimental and control group pre-test solid waste disposal attitude mean score, there is a significant difference between the experimental and control group post-test solid waste disposal attitude mean score, there is a significant effect of school type on student attitude mean scores toward solid waste disposal and there is a significant difference between boys and girls on post-test attitude towards solid waste disposal mean score. The study recommended training and re-training of geography teachers through a series of workshops, seminars, and symposia on Environmental Motivation Package and Female and male students should take part in Green club to promote their knowledge and attitudes toward solid waste management among other recommendations were made. hypotheses1 and 2, while Analysis of Covariance (ANCOVA) was used to test 3 and 4 respectively. The statistical package for social sciences (SPSS) version 23 was used for the analysis

The present study is an attempt to identify the cognitive preferences of secondary school science students and its relationship with academic achievement. For this purpose a ‘Cognitive Preference Test’ and an ‘Achievement Test in Science’ were developed and administered to 500 eleventh grade science students subsequent to their study of tenth grade science subject. The finding suggests that secondary school science students have a strong bias for ‘Principle’ and that their general order of preference is ‘Principle-Recall-Application-Questioning’. A strong dependence of cognitive preference orientation on ‘Academic Achievement’ in science was observed. High achiever group of students were found to exhibit a high preference for ‘Questioning’ and a strong discontentment for ‘Recall’ mode. Exactly an opposite trend of preferences among low achiever group has been reported, as having highest preference for ‘Recall’ and lowest preference for ‘Questioning’ mode.

The objective of this study is to find out the effect of treatment, creativity and their interaction on achievement in environment education by considering Pre. achievement in environment education as covariate. This study was experimental in nature and based on pre-test post-test parallel group design. There were two groups and two levels of treatment namely module with jerk technology and module without jerk technology. The sample for Study comprised of 60 student teachers (30 student teachers per group) of academic session of 2008-2009 of regular B.Ed. course of Government PGBT College, Ujjain. Study revealed that creativity significantly affected the achievement of students in Environmental Education. Higher creative students were found to be benefited significantly more than these of low creative students.

Contents

Teacher’s work is undergoing rapid change: political, educational and social changes, and this means that teachers need more and better Continuing Professional Development (CPD) programmes in order to keep up with the changes and remain relevant in the teaching profession. The quality of teachers is of great importance, as changing needs place greater pressures on teachers such as having to deal with the challenge of large classes and learners of different characteristics. This raises the need for teachers to be supported more than ever before, hence the need to step up the CPD of teachers, which is an often neglected aspect in most of the developing countries like India.

Training and development is the fastest growing industry as a result of replacement of industrial workers with knowledge workers. An effective and sustainable organizational training produces significant results such as improved employees’ skills & productivity, enhanced retention & morale. Training and continuing professional development is an integral component of Open and Distance Learning (ODL) system, which is characterized by division of labour where the teaching and learning is performed through use of media and technology. However, in contrast to the above, lack of appropriate training has been identified as a significant barriers in ODL institutions and there is an immense need of continuous professional development activities in these institutions. This study highlights the professional development activities for the technical staff of Indira Gandhi National Open University (IGNOU) engaged in web-based application development. The study aimed to identify if the training outcomes could be utilised in the routine work followed by the barriers to implement them in the work environment. The results indicate mixed responses that knowledge and skills gained during the training were useful majorly for their learning and development, routine work, front-end and back-end activities. The barriers faced by the respondents to implement the learning gains in their work place were identified as pertaining institutional (unavailability of training, infrastructure and internet) and individual (lack of motivation and time). The ODL should plan and implement well structured trainings followed by mitigating the barriers to implement the knowledge and skills gained during the training.

The present study was attempted to study the mathematical interest of VIII standard students with respect to their gender and area. A sample of 120 students (consisted of 60 boys and 60 girls studying in VIII class and belonging to rural and urban areas) was drawn from Government Schools of Una district (H. P.) by employing random sampling. Descriptive survey method was used to find out the mathematical interest of VIII class students. For the collection of data Mathematical Interest Inventory by Dubey was used to measure the mathematical interest of VIII standard students. For the analysis of data percentages were calculated to find out the percentage of student having varied mathematical interest and t-test was used to find out the significant difference between two groups. The results of the present study demonstrated that 61% students showed high interest in mathematics, 22% students showed above average interest in mathematics, 9% students showed average interest in mathematics, 7% students showed below average interest in mathematics, and 1% students showed low interest in mathematics. In total, it was found that total sample showed high interest in mathematics. No significant difference was observed between boys and girls on the variable of mathematical interest. Also, it was observed that rural and urban area students did not show any significant difference on mathematical interest. They showed same level of mathematical interest.

Geoscience provides us with an overall understanding of earth’s physical environment and its finites besides a perspective on why and how things happen around us. It also attempts to find solutions for global environmental problems in relation to place and time. Geoscientists can play an important role in addressing these global challenges and disseminating knowledge and awareness in the society. Although Geoscience is the basic element of all natural sciences, it is limited to a few chapters in the geography and environmental science books at school level in India. Hence, children remain unaware about the internal and external processes operating within and on the earth’s surface and also the perception on geoethics as compared to their counter parts in the west. Unlike western world, our youth are perhaps less aware of implications of depleting and dwindling natural resources. Thus, it is a challenge for the educators to develop geoscience education programmes with a strong component and perspective on geoethics and sustainable development. The paper discusses the possible impact of geoscience education at IGNOU in developing graduates with an understanding and inclination on geoethics. Presently, in distance mode a wide range of programmes are being offered in subjects like environment, physics, chemistry, mathematics, biology except geology. Mega universities like IGNOU are at an advantageous position for offering geoscience education owing to its wide reach to cater to millions of learners. Keeping this in view School of Sciences at IGNOU is in the process of developing B.Sc. Courses in Geology after carrying out an extensive Need survey. The curriculum for bachelor degree programme, which includes the courses on physical and structural geology, petrology, mineralogy, environmental geology, hydrology, ore geology, remote sensing and GIS has been designed and developed with help of several eminent experts across India. The courses are expected to enhance understanding of the necessity to conserve our soil, mineral, water, fossil fuels and appreciate the concepts of geoethics and sustainable development.

Teaching has been one of the oldest professions in the world and is most respected. The climate the institutions determine the overall outcomes of the institution. The present scenario finds that the teaching is one of the most stressful occupations. Thus, to keep the motivation of the employees in right earnest and getting their work to the expected efficiency, the principals had a major role to play. In this situation, the principals in the schools have challenges to control from various directions i.e. internal, external and from within organization. Herein, the creative management can help the principals to bring the institutions to desire level of expectations. This paper will dwell on the changing landscape of teaching sector through ages in India and suggest the ways of creative management.

Worldwide widow’s population figure estimated at 245 million with half of them living in extremely poverty. (Loomba Foundation Report,2010). India is a country with second highest population of 42.4 million. If on the one hand, a woman is at the peak of ladder of success in many spheres of public life, on the other hand, she suffers a silent social death everyday bound by the customs and traditions in the orthodox Indian Society. They are culturally, socially, economically and politically excluded from the mainstream of the society. The process of urbanisation, modernisation and globalisation have led to changes in economic structure, erosion of societal values and the weakening of social institutions particularly the norms of the joint family. This has made worst the position of the widows in a family and once she becomes a ‘burden’ of the family, no time is lost to eject her from the family environment. This research is focused on socio-economic problems faced by widows in rural areas of Himachal Pradesh. Fifty widows of different age groups were selected with the help of random sampling method. Interview schedule and observation method were also used. It is revealed that widows’ discrimination does not prevail across the nation. That is, this research did not deny the existence of traditional widows’ discrimination in some areas, but demonstrated that this phenomenon does not represent the whole nation, if we focus on the urban areas.

This paper examines the emerging challenges facing the higher education sector in Odisha. Low overall access to higher education, glaring spatial and social disparities in enrolment, weak infrastructure, poor quality of education and research, chronic faculty shortage and downsizing of state funding have been identified as the major challenges. Policy changes concerning higher education and the practice of pravatisation have complicated the problems rather than solving them. Active state participation, effective implementation of positive discrimination policies and ensuring accountability at all levels have been suggested to undo the damages done to higher education in the state.

The present study was conducted to examine the effect of the Activity Based method in Mathematics on Achievement Motivation and academic achievement. The sample comprised of 60 students of IXth class studying in private senior secondary school of Ambala city, Punjab. The tools used for conducting the present study were; Deo-Mohan Achievement Motivation Scale (n-Ach) – (1985), Self-prepared modules of Mathematics for selected five topics of IXth grade and Self-prepared pre-post Achievement test of Mathematics. The findings revealed that Students taught Mathematics through Activity based method differ significantly in Achievement Motivation as compared to the control group (Traditional Teaching method). Results also show that the students taught Mathematics through Activity based method differ significantly in Academic Achievement as compared to the Control group (Traditional Teaching method).

Before implementing any intervention program for raising basic facilities and standard in an education system, it is necessary to assess the baseline status of those educational institutions which would be covered under proposed scheme. With this objective in view, a preliminary survey was conducted to find out the status of infrastructure availability in 21 government degree colleges of Uttarakhand, covered under RUSA (Rashtriya Ucchatar Shiksha Abhiyan). The findings of the study reveal that government and concerning authorities are apathetic towards improving the status of higher education, especially in remote areas of the hilly state. After analysis of data it was found that government focuses more on announcements to open new educational institutions rather than their proper establishment, following norms and standards set by regulatory bodies. A large number of institutions established in the last 10-15 years are running in remote hilly areas with very low enrolment rate due to lack of infrastructure and teaching faculties.

In this paper I present an approach for effective ways of learning vocabulary. I apply relational learning for defining the context-- free grammar including leaning active and passive vocabulary. I introduce various methods of leaning vocabulary. In the context of hand on-based learning captures multiple approaches for the efficient parsing of word parts are introduced. Various means for defining of the syntax of sentence structures have been proposed. It is brought to distinguish the approaches by functional English unification-based grammars, and specifications based on the definition of context-free learning.

Is age factor drive emotional intelligence and adjustments of a person getting formal professional education and training? This question is very common as we have seen that the trainee teacher’s emotional intelligence and adjustment has a lifelong impact on their profession, emotional intelligence refers to the ability to perceive, control and evaluate emotions, which is very important to adjust oneself in a new situation. In the present research tryout, the author have analyzed the emotional intelligence and adjustment among 400 B.Ed. trainee teachers studying in different B.Ed. colleges of Karnataka, these students are divided into two groups i.e. below 25 years and above 25 years of age respectively. The main purpose of the study is to find out age impact upon emotional intelligence and adjustment of B.Ed. trainee teachers with respect to the different variables.

This paper is an outcome of a study that was conducted with an objective to understand socio-economic situation of the people with disability living in Cachar district of Assam. An exploratory research design was adopted to gather information about education, income and occupation and further to understand the perception of the respondents on their present situation. For the study 50 numbers of respondents were selected by adopting convenient sampling method. Data on socio-economic status of the respondents were collected in respect of socio-personal information and economic status. Under the social background the respondents’ sex, age, marital status, education, caste, types of disability suffered and their causes are examined. In short socio-economic data showed that the majority of the respondents selected for the study are striving hard to get economic sustainability to enjoy quality life, food, cloth, shelter.

Today education is a selling commodity, like other goods /things in the markets. The globalization of education has opened the door of exchange of education opportunity and value across the boundary of the countries .The Indian education has been extended overwhelming over last few decades .As a result, from school to universities, the number of institutions has been increasing like mushrooms. Education becomes a profitable business for investors .It’s right to say investors in education may call promoters, who promotes education and get profits from markets of students. Therefore , a group of people from all walk of life in the society invested their money ,power or position to set up educational institute under the banner of trusty, foundation or charity .Specially , professional colleges in the line of engineering, medical , management are coming up even in the interior areas. India’s diverse socio-cultural ethos and lingua-franca have introduced education in any dimensions. Language base education leads by state and religion created different kind of culture of educational atmosphere within campus .The multi-lingual education leads a mixed atmosphere in the Andaman and Nicobar Islands education and its basic philosophy. This multi-community linguistic society leads a unique and different kind of academic atmosphere in islands education system both in schools and higher learning institutions. Multi-lingual education in a single campus faces a number of challenges, which affected the student’s unity and also disintegrated the professional atmosphere of the faculty. The socio- cultural multi-dimension aspects put the hardship for maintaining the disciplines of the students .Restriction on medium of instruction is giving a tough challenge to refreshers, who entering in the higher learning campus .Students fresh out of school need a period of academic thawing in terms of academic atmosphere, medium of instruction new approach of analysis of new curriculums under degree courses

Having good health is the rights of the every children. India is the country having largest number of the children in the world. As it has been rightly said that sound mind resides in the sound body is a valid concept. A good health of the children leads them to the path of progress in various fields like Education, sports and others. The aim of the present study was to know the understanding attitude of Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes parents towards the Rights related to Health and care of the children. The researcher took the sample of 60 parents from rural area of district Udhampur of Jammu and Kashmir, which consist of thirty fathers and mothers. Self-made interview schedule was used in the study. The objective of the study was to know the awareness among the Scheduled Castes and Scheduled parents, so that some intervention can be given to meet the Health and care needs of the of the children. Self-made semi-structured interview schedule was used by the researcher for data collection. The analysis was made by using simple percentage method. This was the qualitative study which conducted to explore the understanding attitude among parents. The findings of the study reveals that most of the fathers and mothers gave favourable responses which means they are aware about rights related to health and care of the children. They have the positive and favourable attitude towards health and care of the children.

Contents- Volume 8 Special Issue

The present study aimed to find out the role of parenting in formation of alcohol and drug attitude among secondary school students of district Faridkot of Punjab state. The data was collected from 300 respondents randomly selected from 10 secondary schools by using standardized questionnaire related to alcohol and drug attitude and parenting. Findings indicate boys were more inclined towards alcohol and drugs as compare to girls. Further, urban students showed more positive attitude towards drugs than rural. Also, the researchers found minutely negative coefficient of correlation between parenting and alcohol and drugs attitude which may conclude as negative parenting may leads to positive attitude towards alcohol and drugs.

Awareness and ignorance are two faces of the same coin and awareness leads to making of healthy choices. The awareness about health of school students is the key to formulating strategy to achive better environment for teaching and learning. The present study was conducted on the students of upper primary school of Delhi to know the health and awareness regarding yoga as a cure for many ailments like back pain, neck pain, respiratory problems etc. The data was collected from a upper primary school situated in South-Delhi. The Primary school with sample consists of 83 students, 46 female and 37 male. The data was collected through closed end questionnair. The content of the questionnair was validated through expert consensus. The male students suffer more as compared to female students due to back or neck pain. On the contrary, female students are greatly affected by respiratory problems at upper primary level of school education. Class 8th students have better awareness of “yoga as cure” for many diseases among upper primary level students. The awareness of “yoga as a cure” for many diseases is higher in girls than boys of upper primary schools.

Stories through films, fiction, drama or true life description engaged and fascinate through memories. Stories engross emotions in brain experiences of storytelling help in recognition of lost experiences. Keeping in view the significance of stories present paper is an attempt to identify and recognize the role of storytelling in developing socio-emotional skills among school students. For the present study the researcher adopted quasi-experimental method as action research with single group design. In the present study self made questionnaire is used for data collection from the sample of 23 elementary school students through convenient sampling method. The findings of the study revealed story telling is a good tool to develop relationship socio-emotional skills among students of elementary level. The researchers found intervention programme help in developing interpersonal relationship among elementary school students.

The ISO 9000 series defines quality management system standards applicable in the product market to address the customer satisfaction, increasing market share, revenue generation, sustenance of product and research & development for further improvement in marketing and brand recognition. The eight basic principles derived, based on the experiences and knowledge of experts and practitioners, for quality management and quality assurance, are responsible for development and maintenance of ISO 9000 standards (ISO 9000:2005 & 9004:2009, 2005, 2009). In this paper, we have discussed how this experience and knowledge on quality management and assurance be translatedwith appropriate contextualization foropen and distance education institutions, which impart education ‘with a difference’.Can the principles be used by education providers to devise a framework to transform university system towards learner-oriented effective and assured quality learning? We have made an effort to suggest quality parameters fordelivery of education through ODL mode.

Today education is a selling commodity, like other goods /things in the markets. The globalization of education has opened the door of exchange of education opportunity and value across the boundary of the countries .The Indian education has been extended overwhelming over last few decades .As a result, from school to universities, the number of institutions has been increasing like mushrooms. Education becomes a profitable business for investors .It’s right to say investors in education may call promoters, who promotes education and get profits from markets of students. Therefore , a group of people from all walk of life in the society invested their money ,power or position to set up educational institute under the banner of trusty, foundation or charity .Specially , professional colleges in the line of engineering, medical , management are coming up even in the interior areas. India’s diverse socio-cultural ethos and lingua-franca have introduced education in any dimensions. Language base education leads by state and religion created different kind of culture of educational atmosphere within campus .The multi-lingual education leads a mixed atmosphere in the Andaman and Nicobar Islands education and its basic philosophy. This multi-community linguistic society leads a unique and different kind of academic atmosphere in islands education system both in schools and higher learning institutions. Multi-lingual education in a single campus faces a number of challenges, which affected the student’s unity and also disintegrated the professional atmosphere of the faculty. The socio- cultural multi-dimension aspects put the hardship for maintaining the disciplines of the students .Restriction on medium of instruction is giving a tough challenge to refreshers, who entering in the higher learning campus .Students fresh out of school need a period of academic thawing in terms of academic atmosphere, medium of instruction new approach of analysis of new curriculums under degree courses.

Results of inaccurate Self-assessment by candidates in today’s competitive world are frequently disastrous for them. Self-assessment does not always happen totally in isolation. It is partly influenced by the feedback aspirants receive from their peers or external experts in the form of teachers, parents and tutors at coaching centres. Accuracy of Self-assessment varies in different students, presumably because of differences in personality characteristics. It is interesting to understand the dynamics of this influence through research. The present study is precisely an attempt in this direction.

The purpose of the present study is to investigate the relationship between teacher efficacy and teaching competency of secondary school teachers. The study also examined the differences in teacher efficacy and teaching competency of secondary school teachers with respect to locale and gender. For this, 200 respondents from Gurdaspur city were selected. The results of the investigation revealed that no significant gender difference in scores of teacher efficacy and teaching competency. The study further revealed that there is significant difference in teacher efficacy and teaching competency of secondary school teachers with respect to locale. However negative relationship between teacher efficacy and teaching competency of secondary school teachers is found.

The present study was explored to find out the burnout among school teachers. The objectives of the study were to explore the level of burnout among school teachers and to examine the burnout among school teachers. Survey method was conducted on a sample of 252 school teachers was chosen in Odisha. Teacher Burnout Scale by Prof. S. Sathiyagirirajan was used for data collection. Data was analyzed by using t-test. Result showed that the level of burnout among school teachers is average. Findings also indicated that there is no significant difference in burnout of school teachers based on locality of school and educational qualification and there is significant difference in burnout of school teachers with regard to gender, nature of school, major subject, type of school and years of experience.

This paper examines the work of Alfred Binet, best known for the invention of the Intelligence Quotient (IQ) scale with respect to his ideas on the assessment of various attributes of children. This exploration is anchored in an analysis of his final work ‘Modern Ideas of Children’, published in 1911 and which was a review of thirty years of his own experimental work in this area. His understanding of ‘modernity’ in the field of pedagogical sciences was tied to a faith in the application of the scientific method (systematic observation, measurement and experimentation) to reveal the ‘real’ nature of human beings. This is reflected in his consistent engagement with the question of what aspects of a child’s being are measurable and under what conditions. In his perspective the teacher had to play a critical role in the assessment of a student’s potential and his work was an attempt to demonstrate how the teacher could use the scientific method within the context of the classroom to improve his or her pedagogy. Equipped with the right diagnostic tools and methods, he envisioned the teacher as playing an important role in ameliorating social problems such as poverty. These insights continue to be relevant a century after the first publication of Binet’s work.

Reflective teaching and action research are the very important component of qualitative teaching-learning process. The main purpose of action research is to explore the new knowledge and strategy to sort out the immediate as well as local educational problems and to ensure the quality of education, and on the other hand reflective teaching is considered as the core ability to be a successful as well as innovative teacher. Action research is considered as an important tool of reflective teaching too. Reflective teaching and conduction of action research to solve the immediate problems are associated with each other in their aim and creative as well as scientific way of work. An individual can only make focus on the process of research if he/she motivated enough to do so and have positive attitude towards it. This study was conducted to know the relationship between reflective teaching and attitude towards action research of secondary teachers. To know the effect of their service condition and types of associated school of secondary teachers were other objectives of the study. The findings of the study showed a positive relationship between reflective teaching and attitude towards action research of secondary teachers. A significant effect on the level of reflective teaching and attitude towards action research was revealed from the study.

Every year we celebrate December 14 as World Energy Conservation day, however the deliberations in academic and diplomatic discussions have not yielded the desired results in terms of conservation of energy resources in the world. On the other hand, the energy requirements of the world are supposed to rise in future and so is the need for efficient use as well as conservation of the available resources of energy. The amount of energy to be used, the type of resources to be harnessed and the pattern of unorganised or organised distribution of the energy are largely determined by the culture of the societies. The argument put forth in this research paper is that the rising consumer culture in modern societies is leading towards reckless use of energy resources. There is a dire need for refocusing on the critical theories that target the capitalist model of development and try to understand the forces which undermine the critical thinking skills of the individuals. The goal of energy conservation is very difficult to be achieved in the culture of consumerism. This article thus questions the energy scenario of the world based upon the Conflict and Critical perspectives in sociology.

Values are a precipitate of behaviour. They are established predispositions of behaviour. They are what is attractive to a person, they operate as criteria for making judgment between alternative cause of action and they directly influence the quality of the person’s behaviour and decision as a rule, the person adopts those values which help him to achieve the ends he desires and which are at the same time sanctioned by the group with which he is identified, his values are thus influenced by and are reflections of his personality. The main purpose of the research was to study the value of prospective teachers as they are the future teachers and many at times become the role models for their students. The researcher took 100 prospective teachers from two colleges of education under C.C S University. The sample was selected using random stratified sampling method. Teacher values inventory by Dr. (Mrs.) Harbhajan. L. Singh and Dr. S.P. Ahluwalia were used for the study. The analysis and interpretation of the data was done by calculating the Mean scores of the values and assigning ranks to those scores. The major findings of the study were: Male and female prospective teachers differ in their value and its Dimensions. The Male prospective teachers gave first preference to Aesthetic, Social, political, and theoretical value and female prospective teachers prominence to overall value, Religious and economic values.

This study was conducted to determine the teaching effectiveness, productivity, and work values of Science teachers in Capiz State University for the School Year 2014-2015 to shed light on the long- debated question of whether performance in one area enhances performance in the other, or so. It is a well-known idea that effectiveness, productivity and work values are interrelated, which could lead to the improvement of educational standards because they help boost students’ ability to become knowledgeable, productive and responsive individuals. This survey-correlation study was conducted to a total population of 35 Science teachers, 24 administrators, and 375 randomly selected students from 9 of the 10 campuses of Capiz State University. There is no significant difference in the teaching effectiveness of science teacher according to the level of their productivity. Furthermore, science teachers were found to be effective at work regardless of their work values. Productivity, work values, and teaching effectiveness were not significantly related to one another.

This study is an attempt to study decentralization (both theoretically and conceptually) in the administration of school education in rural areas, with special emphasis on Rajasthan. It also studies the Panchayat Raj Act and its role in the management of the School education, changes in the organisation of the administrative chain of the education system in the third tier, that is the districts of the state. Qualitative methodology was adopted, in-depth study of present literature. Next section presents the Findings of the study, analyses the followed by the impacts of this new modified structure of the education department, its implementation, success, challenges ahead.

Critical discourse analysis presents a paradigmatic shift in the ways many scholars envisage studies related to critical linguistics, education, health, politics and cultural studies from past 15 years. Norman Fairclough has been the most influential figure in presenting a coherent framework of analysis for same. The paper attempts to present related theoretical and methodological presumptions of the theorist aiming to infer a coherent and rationalized understanding of CDA. The paper first introduces the term discourse and its conceptualizations as done from the perspective of attempting a social analysis. Then after by explicating a link between language and power the paper presents different discourse analysis schools that are present in academia. Then the paper introduces CDA as a perspective from Norman Fairclough’s point of view and reflects on its potentialities as a tool for critical social analysis. In the same pursuit the paper also evaluates its difference from critical linguistics and post structuralism. Finally the paper attempts to conclude by quoting the criticisms of CDA and framing a response to them on the basis of the discussions done during the paper.

Information Science is one of the important term in this new millennium. Information Science is applicable in so many sector and domain and departments. As Information Science is a mainly deal with information activities; such as collection, selection, organization, processing, management and dissemination and thus it is needed each and every where; directly and indirectly. Information Science is most interdisciplinary field and combines with so many other domain and discipline for better information processing and management. Virtually, the perception on Information Science differs generation wise or according to the age. Today Information Science is treated as most important domain of Applied Science but earlier it is also treated as domain of Social Science and describes various characteristics of this domain with changing scenario. Information Science and various perceptions on this domain is also illustrated in this paper in brief manner.

The present study is an attempt to assess the Level of Self-Regulated Learning Strategies among Bachelor Science Degree Students with Different Combination of Subjects who affiliated to University of Mysore. Convenience sampling technique was used to select the Colleges in Mysore city. Proportion random sampling technique was used to draw final year from different types of colleges giving representation to their Gender and Different Combination of Subjects. Totally 254 Students were selected according to the table of Krejcie and Morgan. The Motivational Strategies for Learning Questionnaire (MSLQ) was employed to assess the Level of SRLS in total and component wise. Descriptive statistics have been employed to analyze the data descriptively. The findings indicated majority of Students have exhibited average Level of SRLS in total and in all its Scales.

The present study explored the dimensions of morality in Neo-humanist Education. The research is designed to investigate how the philosophical perspectives of Neo-humanism are realized in practical field. The study focused on the approaches adopted in Neo-humanist Schools for enhancing morality among children. In order to validate data, both philosophical perspectives and empirical investigations are undertaken by the researcher. Three schools from North Bengal based on Neo-humanism principle and ideology are selected using purposive sampling techniques. Case study method is adopted to undertake this research with observation and semi-structured interview as tool. Data are collected from students, teachers and parents and analyzed qualitatively. The study found that the curriculum of Neo-humanist School is designed for early intervention of moral development among students. It is also found that the interactional approach in resolving conflict and improving interpersonal relationships are highlighted in school curriculum. Thus, the mature moral orientation in childhood initiates the development of moral structure or conscience. Some empirical evidences are also included here to support this study.

This paper aims to explain ‘how the development partners have worked to transfer policies in primary education of Bangladesh’, followed by an assessment of national policy ownership in context of external policy influence in the sector. The external development partners’ mode and nature of the policy influence has taken the form of ‘emulation’ in primary education sector. Emulation entails making, by the development partners, the funds and policy ideas available for reforms in educational development projects and programmes. They have tried down various modalities and by the way they have consolidated their position in directing primary educational development by introducing sector-wide approach. Together with this, they have imported many reforms from the outside in the education system. Empowering schools to prepare school improvement plans within the second primary education development program is an example of external policy transfer. This raises questions about government’s leadership in educational development policies. Lack of national policy ownership weakens ministerial accountability to the government or the parliament. National capacity constraints, uncertainty of national education policy, and resistance of the domestic interest groups to local reforms are some of key bottlenecks towards promoting national stewardship in policy domain.

Self- Concept is an important factor related to the achievement of every individual. For ages, educators have held that formation of self-concept is one of the aim of education and in some instances, the primary aim. It includes what people come to know about themselves through experience, reflection and feedback from others. On the other hand the other factor that acts upon the personality development is socio-economic status. The social and economical condition of the family has a direct effect in the upbringing of a child. The aim of the study is to find out the level of self-concept of visually impaired and normal students, to compare it on the basis of socio-economic status and to find out the interaction effect of types of students and socio-economic status on the basis of self-concept. Normative Survey method was applied and 200 normal and 200 visually impaired students of classes VI to XII were selected randomly from total 10 Secondary and Higher Secondary Schools of Dehradun and Haridwar districts of Uttarakhand. ANNOVA statistical technique was applied for data analysis. After interpretation of data it was found that normal students have better self-concept at every dimension i.e. Social, Physical, Temperamental, Educational, Moral, Intellectual and Total as compared to visually impaired students, whereas socio-economic status, when joint together are found insignificant at all the above mentioned dimensions of self-concept of visually impaired and normal students. It is suggested to Parents, Teachers, Curricula Makers, Counselors, Students, Society and Government that they should be well aware to the findings of the study and should take appropriate steps to increase visually impaired students’ self-concept so that they may cope with the society with their maximum output.

The main aim of study is to compare the adjustment abilities and environmental knowledge of boys and girls higher secondary school students of Jammu and Kashmir. A sample of 80 students (40 male and 40 female) was selected through simple random sampling techniques. Adjustment abilities scale by Sinha (2013) and Environmental knowledge questioner developed by the researcher used for the data collections. Average Mean, Standard Deviation, t- test and correlation used for statistical analysis. The study revealed that the boy’s students have higher adjustment abilities and environmental knowledge as compared to the girl’s students. And found there is a major difference of adjustment abilities among boys and girls higher secondary school students. The researcher further found that the significant difference in environmental knowledge among boys and girls students of Jammu and Kashmir. Adjustment abilities and environmental knowledge among higher secondary school students are negatively correlated to each other.

Different thinking functions, such as sensation, cognition, memory, consciousness, rationality, and pattern recognition, are significantly influenced by the affective learning experience. These different thinking functions and cognitive control are intricately connected to the learning processes and cognitive processing. In this research study, the researcher analyses the influence of the affective learning experience of MOOC learners on their attitude towards technology, online learning behaviour and self-regulated learning behaviour. For the study, MOOC learners were selected. A quantitative approach was adopted by the researcher in this study. The present research follows the descriptive method of the causal-comparative type. It was found that the affective learning experience of the learners influences their attitude towards technology, online learning behaviour and self-regulated learning behaviour.

The present study was conducted to study the teacher stress in relation to creative management and institutional performance in teacher education institutions. In order to conduct present study 450 teacher educators with doctorate degree and without doctorate degrees, with different levels of experience were selected from 45 selected colleges of education taking 10 teachers from each institution were selected randomly. Institutional Performance Scale & Creative Management Scale prepared by the investigator and Teacher Stress Questionnarie (Otto (1983) and Adapted by Max Smith and Sid) were used as tools for the present study. The findings of the study revealed that in good performing institutions, teacher educators experience significantly less stress related to students and physical conditions, time pressure and lack of reward and recognition except conflicts than their counterparts in poor performing institutions. Teacher educators of the colleges with female principals were more stressed due to conflict, students & physical conditions and lack of reward & recognition except time pressure than those in the institutions with male principals. Female principals of institutions with poor performance has significantly higher teacher stress than colleges with male principals of institutions with good performance, colleges with male principals of institutions with poor performance and colleges with female principals of institution with good performance. There is a negative relationship between creative management and teacher stress.

Now teaching is recognized as one of the most challenging and respected career choices, absolutely vital to the social, cultural, and economic health of our Nation. I would like to explain how teachers role are change in perspective era. Teachers’ role differs from the old show-and-tell practices. Teachers description their professional aims and needs for the future. We are going to look at teachers changing role in the 21st century. The teacher’s new role is inevitable. It is the challenge of modern times and social needs. In their new role, teachers should support both the students and their parents. Teachers should act as guides for their students and direct them in their individual processes of development, taking into reflection the challenges of the globalisation development. The rapid changing world of the early 21st century communal education is also changing. As part of the changes the role of schools and education will also be different both in the educational system and in the society. Together with them the role of teachers will also change. In my Article, I am explored how the novel communal challenges and demands towards education and teachers change schools into institutions with modern aims and social contracts. We are going to describe the distinctive features of professional teachers.

The present study addresses to an imperative fundamental goal i.e. everyone wants to live in happy, healthy and fulfilling ways. Health and well-being do not belong to books and newspapers rather it belongs in our everyday life, where it can matter so much. Cultivating its components should be an important goal for all- parents, educators, citizens and in particular youth as these goals are fundamental human desires and rights. Hence, within vicinity of Positive psychology, the first generation of research arrived as an identification of authentic happiness theory (the pleasant life, the good life, the meaningful life). The second generation of research draws closer to the notion of well-being as it refers to both, a person’s state of happiness and health. Thus, the present study is at an advanced league of the second generation of research where in an effort is made to reflect and utilize positive psychological tools i.e. positive belief, positive education and positive nutrition which if cultivated and imbibed would help pave way towards health promoting behaviour, life satisfaction and well-being.

Priming pre-service teachers in identifying behavioural issues in students and their management in the classroom is important, especially prior to be on-job. Mock classrooms, if created optimally, would assist them to practice the solutions using required skills of a 21st century’s teacher. Such practices, with time, motivate and make them confident in handling issues that may arise in the classroom. This paper describes how from a mock classroom, various issues have been identified and their corresponding solutions knitted. The study concludes that interpersonal communication through rapport building facilitates a seamless connection between the teacher and a student. Rapport Building is pivotal in handling most of the behavioral issues in a classroom for all the levels of study, such as the Primary Years Programme (PYP), Middle Years Programme (MYP) and Diploma Programme (DP).

With m-commerce booming in India, numerous delivery-dark regions have been identified where even though the scope of m-commerce or e-commerce exists, delivery is close to impossible. The question arises of how m-commerce and e-commerce can tap this market segment to cater to the 75 million m-commerce ready consumers (Rau, 2011). The survey conducted for this study using 48 randomly selected consumers also clearly brought out that there lies a missing block to be filled, that can bring a lot many customers under the M-commerce umbrella. A unique payment mode other than the existing ones and delay in delivery are the main issues that need to be taken care of.Here’s where local brick and mortar stores can be turned into dealers and delivery drop off points for these inaccessible delivery-dark customers. The model works on “only cash” payment system which is preferable for people who do not trust the online payment system or may not be eligible for a credit or debit card. This model is simple and benefits all the three entities involved - the consumer, the brick and mortar store and, of course, the e-commerce / m-commerce site.

A study was done with the objectives to explore the personality characteristics of the pass outs of Jawahar Navodaya Vidyalaya by using Sixteen Personality Factor (16 PF) Questionnaire prepared by S.D. Kapoor. The selection of the pass outs was done from the six Jawahar Navodya Vidyalaya located in Madhya Pradesh. The purpose of the study to explore the personality characteristics of the pass outs and find out differences between rural-urban and male-female students. The result revealed that rural and urban pass outs are similar in 13 personality factors. Significant differences are found in only 3 factors. As for as male and female pass outs are concerned, the significant difference are found in 6 personality factors.

This conceptual paper focuses on the relationship between man and nature, allowing the students to develop critical thinking and transformative learning through art. Art develops imagination and aesthetic experience offers the possibility to process many symbols and makes the expression of multiple meanings possible. The paper shows how the authors encouraged their trainees at the Second Chance School, Greece, to consider ways in which nature and the environment benefit humans in everyday life. Then the students were divided into groups of four and prompted to write down their thoughts, which were immediately shared in class generating a discussion, which revolved around two critical questions: a) Can contact with nature make you a better person? b) Does the love of nature imply love for life? Subsequently, some teaching media were used to help the trainees process and correlate the questions to be raised. The trainees described the feelings experienced by interacting with each project separately and discussed the role of nature in improving the aesthetics and the psyche of a person. According to them, they experienced the intensity, balance and harmony that were emitted by the texts and the painting and enjoyed the descriptive images and the beauty of the landscape. This was followed by the reflection on the deeper meaning of each supervisory instrument separately and the role of the environment in shaping individual emotions. The experience of this course has led the authors to believe that nature can nourish students; vision and creativity; however, empirical research is required to further explore this important subject.

Education at the global level has seen revolutionary changes in recent times. This is mainly due to the digital revolution that took place around the world. This digital revolution has spread its tentacles in the field of education as well. The latest form of digital revolution in education is “Digital Game-Based Learning”. The main focus of the present paper is to study the attitude of prospective teachers towards the use of Digital Game-Based Learning (DGBL). The study used descriptive survey method to collect data from 202 prospective teachers from teacher education institutes of Patna, State of Bihar, India. A self constructed DGBL attitude scale was used as the tool of the study. The results of the study showed a consistent pattern in the attitude of the prospective teachers toward DGBL exhibiting a favorable attitude. Also, no significant difference was found in the attitude of the prospective teachers toward DGBL on the basis of gender and academic discipline. However significant difference was found in the attitude of the prospective teachers toward DGBL with respect to their residential area.

Massive Open Online Courses emerged as a very popular mode of learning in 2012 and aims at providing unlimited participation by learners and their open access to educational material with the help of internet. For a developing and very diverse country like India, it is very difficult to provide equal access and equity based higher education to all the learners. Government of India has started its indigenously developed MOOC delivery platform known as SWAYAM for the MOOCs and other digital initiatives in this regard. The present research work was an effort to study the educational effectiveness of Face-to-Face mode of teaching and MOOCs in blended mode for the post graduate students of teacher education program belonging to different Socio-economic Status. Experimental method was used to study and compare educational effectiveness of the MOOCs in blended mode and face to face teaching on the post graduate students of Teacher Education program belonging to different SES. 3×2 Factorial design was used as a research design. Two-way ANOVA was used as a statistical technique. The findings revealed that MOOCs in blended mode are proved to be more effective from educational effectiveness in terms of educational achievement in comparison to face to face mode of teaching. Further the post graduate students from different SES achieved significantly different scores on the post test after the experimental treatment of teaching methods. The students taught with MOOCs in Blended mode belonging to High and moderate SES achieved significantly high scores on post test than the students taught with Face-to-Face mode of teaching from respective SES. The students belonging to low SES taught with Face-to-Face mode of teaching scored significantly higher than the students taught with Blended mode of teaching from respective SES.

A study was conducted with the objective to explore the relationship between personality characteristics and adjustments of the pass outs of Jawahar Navodaya Vidyalayas. The sample of study was selected consisted of pass outs of different navodaya vidyalayas located in the state of Madhya Pradesh. The sample was selected by Stratified Random Sampling method. Adjustment Inventory for College Students developed by A.K.P. Sinha and R.P. Singh was used for the study of adjustment on home, health, emotional and educational areas. For the study of personality characteristics of the pass outs, Sixteen Personality Factor (16PF) questionnaire developed by S.D. Kapoor was used. Correlation coefficient has been computed in order to determine the relationship between the variables personality and Adjustments. The results revealed that the relationship between the personality and adjustment on five areas has not been found significantly for all the 16 personality factors and the areas of adjustments.

The world today needs global citizens. Classrooms are places where such citizens could be shaped and teachers would need to shoulder this responsibility. It needs to be seen what is the level of global mindedness among teachers. The study aimed at finding out the extent of global mindedness among Arts and Science teachers. The descriptive survey method conducted, revealed that the Arts teachers showed a higher level of global mindedness than the Science teachers. However both the groups showed very low extent of Global centrism, thus indicating that the teachers would need to consider the global good over only local or national good. Hence there needs to be conscious efforts to understand and develop global conciousness among the teachers so that they in turn imbibe this attitude among the learners.

Leadership of a prospective teachers is an important topic in present times. The major aim of this study is to know the impact of gender, educational qualification and locality on the leadership behaviour of prospective teachers. A quantitative method used in this study. Trainee Teachers Leadership Behaviour Scale developed by the researcher was adopted to collect the data. The investigators carried out the study with 319 prospective teachers from 14 colleges of Murshidabad district, India. T-test was used to analyse the collected data. The findings of this study showed that gender and educational qualification has not shown influence on leadership behaviour but locality has shown significance influence on leadership behaviour of prospective teachers.

One temptation of sharing the findings of the case studies related to academic stress may be to reveal both positive and negative aspects of students’ experiences. The main purpose of this case study was to examine the potential academic stress that the students were encountering during the pandemic. The investigator used the case study of five participants to bring out the challenging issues of academic stress into the limelight. The major concern was the non-availability of mobile device, smartphones, tablets, PC and laptop during their online classes’ timings. The internet connectivity issue is the most emphasized cause for not attending the online lectures. And the teachers are not flexible in taking online classes in the evening. Visually challenged students are facing impediments in the online teaching-learning process because the teachers are not sensitive to their educational needs. Those teachers who were practicing ‘inclusion’ in their teaching are not applying it in online classrooms. The students are unaware of how their online assignment submission and other academic activities are causing them to commit academic dishonesty in the form of plagiarism and collusion practices. The implications of the findings are also drawn out and discussed in this research paper.

The present study is an attempt to investigate prospective teacher’s attitude towards the use of ICT: a comparative study between C.C.S. University, Meerut & Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra. The objectives of the study were (1) To compare the attitude towards the use of ICT between male prospective teachers of C.C.S. University, Meerut and male prospective teachers of Kurukshetra University Kurukshetra. (2) To compare the attitude towards the use of ICT between female prospective teachers of C.C.S. University, Meerut and female prospective teachers of Kurukshetra University Kurukshetra. The sample for the study comprised of 80 prospective teachers of Saharanpur district and 80 prospective teachers of Yamuna Nagar district. “ICT Attitude Scale” was developed and standardized by the researcher with the help of his guide. The findings of the study indicate that there were no significant differences between prospective male teachers of C.C.S.U. Meerut and prospective male teachers of K.U. Kurukshetra on the dimension of “Knowledge”, “Presentation” and total “ICT Attitude Scale”. There were no significant differences between the attitude toward the use of ICT scores of prospective female teachers of C.C.S.U. Meerut & prospective female teachers K.U. Kurukshetra on the dimension of “Knowledge”, and female prospective teachers of K.U. Kurukshetra have more positive attitude rather than female prospective teachers of C.C.S. University Meerut on “Presentation” dimension of ICT attitude scale it is significant at 0.05 and 0.01 level of significant. There were no significant differences between the attitude toward the use of ICT scores of prospective female teachers of C.C.S.U. Meerut & prospective female teachers K.U. Kurukshetra on total “ICT Attitude Scale”.

A good academic career is a requisite of a teacher or teacher educator. Academically qualified and professionally interested teacher-educators can train the trainees efficiently and impart them due and required knowledge, skills and training. Therefore, whether they possess the good academic record or not it becomes essential to be examined. Berlin (1993) highlights the importance of academically more proficient teachers who are more experienced, who are better educated, who work with smaller classes and are associated with smaller classes and are associated with students who work with smaller classes and are associated with students who demonstrate significantly higher achievement. This paper presents an effort to develop a profile of elementary teacher educators working in DIETs of NCT Delhi in terms of academic career.

Prosocial behavior is any act performed with the goal of benefiting another person. It is the action to benefit other people like the act of donating, helping, cooperating, volunteering and sharing. Prosocial behavior develops gradually as a process of socialization.. Home appears to have positive influence in developing socialized traits of a child. Prosocial behavior of course has its roots in our social upbringing which starts at home. Keeping in view the importance of home environment as a factor to induce pro-social behavior among children, it was thought to conduct the study. The purpose of the study was to explore the prosocial behaviour of the senior secondary school students and to find out how home environment could be influencing the same. Descriptive survey method was used in this study to obtain pertinent and precise information. The sample of the study included 200 senior secondary school students selected by using simple random sampling technique from Jalandhar and Hoshiarpur districts of Punjab. For the purpose of drawing out the results, the investigator used statistical techniques like correlation, t-test, mean and standard deviation along with graphical presentations. The study revealed that there exists no significant difference between the senior secondary school boys and girls in their prosocial behaviour. Among the senior secondary boys and girls no significant difference in control, protectiveness and permissiveness dimensions of home environment was found. The study also revealed that there exists positive relationship between prosocial behavior and home environment dimensions like control, deprivation of privileges, nurturance and permissiveness of the senior secondary school students. However, prosocial behaviour of the senior secondary school students is not positively influenced by the home environment in protectiveness, punishment, conformity, social isolation, and reward and rejection dimensions.

The present research article aims to discuss the professional development of teachers in higher education in India. It also analysed the elements and area of professional development of teachers in 21st century. As it has been claimed that 21st century acting as an active force behind the rapid transition of higher education. Traditional means of knowledge are all most washed out by the scientific ways. Use of information and technology has got maximisation in each and every field of knowledge. The whole world is moving fast to make permanent impression in the world of knowledge. Nation after nation is coming forward with the novel facts of life. Researchers are getting acceleration in all the academic fields. Most of the countries are busy in restructuring their higher education system in order to survive in this competitive world. As the 21st century has brought about quantitative and qualitative changes in all the disciplines of knowledge. But we cannot ripe the fruits of such occurred and occurring transformations until we have professionally developed and trained teachers in higher education system. At present, in India several short terms and refreshers courses were mooted out by experts to train and develop the professional competency of university teachers. In India, most of the universities running refresher courses with the help of University Academic Staff colleges. These Academic Colleges are largely responsible to organise workshops and newly invented academic activities for the teachers’ professional development.

Advice and support from mentors are among the most important factors in determining the success of students’ doctoral education. Like any interpersonal relationship, the one between mentor and student will evolve over time, with its attendant share of adjustments. The fact that today’s students come from an increasingly diverse backgrounds may add a layer of complexity, but it’s more likely to enrich than confound the relationship. The actual role of the faculty or staff mentor is one of nurturing and providing support for a student during the difficult transition period. The mentor must also serve as a resource who will answer many questions, trivial or complex, that the student might pose. Most important, the mentor must serve as a positive role model. Mentoring is important, not only because of the knowledge and skills students can learn from mentors, but also because mentoring provides professional socialization and personal support to facilitate success in graduate school and beyond. Quality mentoring greatly enhances students’ chances for success. Research shows that students who experience good mentoring also have a greater chance of securing academic tenure-track positions, or greater career advancement potential. The present paper highlights the need of a mentor as well as the responsibilities of a teacher as a mentor.

Every human beings have a culture by which they are enrich and the make a complete society. The country men would not be prosperous without education and culture. It is the general knowledge of an individual about his identity and connection with the country and people he lives in. Culture is often confused with good manners and proper behavior. Culture has a much broader sense, which embraces everything which is unique, authentic for some country and its people. Culture as well as the language can be divided into the local and global people and the total heritages. The actual, rational limitation of translation is not given through the difference of languages, through languages as systems of signification, but through the reality brought to bearing the text. It should be emphasized only that which is said, only language in its sign function in the narrow sense, can be translated, but not extra lingual realities which the text presupposes nor the realities in the text, in so far as they function as realities. In a word, language makes the societies in compact. Education is another part of developmental issue of the societies. So the languages of the men should be universal understanding or should be translated in every language for the public convenience. The civilization, culture, religion etc. are transference among the different kinds of people or societies. For this the new thoughts, new ideas, science and concept growing up and spread through the languages. The local culture and foreign culture, local language and foreign language even the inclusive education enriches the value of humanity through this. Every writer, editor, schools, colleges and other educational bodies should translate their own speeches, lectures and articles in multi languages for the benefit of the whole societies and whole students.

Classroom interactions have been one of the most examined topic for the researchers coming from social constructivist background. In the same regard Vygotskian work can be considered meaningful and evocative in understanding the joint construction of meaning through interactions. However, from the reality of multicultural societies and their background, a closer and deeper study of interactions is required. In this context, Bakhtin, a Russian philosopher, who has presented in his work, a detailed critical account of social understanding of language and its style of dialogue, provides a valuable perspective fulfilling this objective. By studying Bakhtin’s ideas related to dialogue, this essay attempts to explore their application in the context of classroom interactions. It has been attempted to analyze the social constructivist approach and its execution and implementation in Indian classrooms. Then after the same analysis has been scrutinized from the perspective of dialogue given by Bakhtin. The scrutiny has also resulted in a comprehensive comparison between Vygotskian framework of interaction and Bakhtinian understanding of discourse. At the end, the paper presents a concluding understanding of how classroom interactions should be understood and analyzed within contemporary scenario of changing curriculum, pedagogies and teacher- student relationship.

Adolescence is a period of life ranging from puberty to adulthood (roughly ages 12–20), characterized by marked physiological changes, development of sexual feelings, efforts toward the construction of identity, and a progression from concrete to abstract thought. Adolescence is a time when peers play an increasingly important role in the lives of youth. Teens begin to develop friendships that are more intimate, exclusive, and more constant than in earlier years. The objective of this study is to understand the relationship of adolescent girls with their peers. The study was conducted on 50 adolescent girls, falling under the age group of 18-20 years in the city of Mumbai. The outcome of the study reflected a negative, not so healthy relationship among the adolescents and their peers.

Teacher professional development has taken place in isolation and has been dependent upon input from outside “experts” (Sandholtz, A companion of direct and indirect professional development activities. Professional development for teachers is the range of formal and informal processes and activities that teachers engage in both inside and outside of the school, in order to improve their teaching knowledge and skills. As an alternative, collaborative action research actively involves teachers in professional reflection, validates educators as producers of knowledge, and recognizes their role in professional development and decision making. The value of teacher research is well documented (Cochran–Smith & Lytle, Inside outside: teacher research and knowledge, Teachers College Press, New York, 1993) but unless deliberate attempts to share findings are established, the products of teacher research often remain within individual classrooms. Strategies to develop collaborative research capabilities are needed. The ultimate goal of teacher professional development is improving student learning outcomes. Research indicates that teachers have control over many factors that influence motivation, achievement and behavior of their students. Therefore, professional development focusing on effective classroom management will enhance a teacher’s skills and performance in the classroom. Skills such as effective classroom management are vital to teaching and require common sense, consistency, a sense of fairness and courage. The skills also require that teachers understand the psychological and developmental levels of each student. The ability of teachers to organize classrooms and manage the behavior of their students is critical for achieving positive educational outcomes. Although sound behavior management does not guarantee effective instruction, it establishes the environmental context that makes good instruction possible. Reciprocally highly effective instruction reduces, but does not eliminate, classroom behavior problems. Effective classroom management competencies also significantly influence the persistence of new teachers in the classroom. Effective classroom management requires a comprehensive approach that should include structuring the school and classroom environment, actively supervising student engagement, implementing classroom rules, enacting procedures that encourage appropriate behavior, using behavior reduction strategies and collecting and using data to monitor student behavior and modifying classroom management procedures. Therefore in teacher preparation programs greater emphasis needs to be placed on preparing teachers to be competent and efficient at managing today’s classrooms with their diverse range of learners. This approach means not only giving pre-service teachers the intellectual understanding of the issues involved but also providing them supervised experience related to components of classroom management. The purpose of this paper is to provide research and recommendations related to professional development of teachers, specifically addressing the area of classroom management to improve learning outcomes. 

Although, the education system has done some work in the field of education for children with disadvantaged backgrounds in India, it has its own share of shortcomings. This paper qualitatively analyses the challenges of children with illiterate parents in private schools in India under the 25% reservation for the underprivileged through (RTE Act of 2009). Insights were gathered through semi-structured interviews with experienced teachers from an English medium private school in Dehradun, India. Themes identified through thematic analysis were irregularity at school, inferiority complex, parents Illiteracy, additional academic assistance and the pandemic challenge. These findings emphasize that the capacity of disadvantaged parent/caregiver to provide a wholesome, nurturing and conducive environment is highly challenging in a country like India. The challenges include a combination of poverty, lack of education and skills, as well as social isolation. This paper suggests areas for policy implementations and areas for future research.

Open Distance Learning (ODL) is serving as an effective mode of delivery of education to unreached aspirants of education. This mode is now widely accepted and recognized as valuable asset for the dissemination of knowledge and increasing literacy in the state in efficient way. ODL is expanding faster in the developing world. The Governments in these countries have laid significant thrust on ODL, linking this to national development priorities. Within ODL, Open Basic Education assumes considerable significance in the context of: millions of students being outside the purview of schooling; high dropout rate especially at the primary and elementary levels; and linkage of basic education to functionality and skill development. With expansion and wider use of ODL delivery mechanisms, a continuous need is felt for capacity building of the practitioners and the developers. It is envisaged that these groups shall need faster and sustainable inputs through training and retraining in the curriculum designing and development. The impact of short orientation programmes without much measurable outcomes found not to be lasting long. Thus a Project based approach is devised by introducing workshop series for the practitioners of ODL by a mix of online support, face-to-face workshop, online follow-up support, and repeat of the cycle in the next phase(s).This approach is being tested for capacity building of ODL material designers and developers of Bangladesh Open University (BOU) with support provided by the Commonwealth of Learning (COL) and expertise provided by the Indira Gandhi National Open University (IGNOU). This paper will share the experiences earned in development of strategies, strengths, expected outcomes and bottlenecks for the benefit of trainers in the field.

This paper attempts to compare students’ academic performance in mathematics on the basis of their level of mathematics anxiety. Moreover, students’ IQ and SES are known to influence their academic performance in mathematics. Hence students’ IQ and SES are included as control variables whose effect from academic performance in mathematics was removed statistically and then it was compared on the basis of the level of students’ mathematics anxiety was studied. The participants of the study included 703 students of standard 8th from S.S.C board schools. Mathematics anxiety was measured using Mathematics Anxiety Scale (MARS-I) by Karimi (2008).Students’ final examination marks in mathematics subject were considered as academic performance scores of mathematics. Results indicated that there is a significant difference in academic performance of students by mathematics anxiety. There is no significant difference in academic performance of students by mathematics anxiety when an effect of IQ has been removed statistically. This implies that the difference in students’ academic performance in mathematics on the basis of their mathematics anxiety arose on account of their IQ rather than their mathematics anxiety. There is significant difference in academic performance of students by mathematics anxiety when effect of SES has been removed statistically. It may be concluded that the academic performance of students with low mathematics anxiety is significantly greater than that of students with moderate mathematics anxiety after controlling for their SES. The findings of the study would enable teachers to develop programmes to facilitate academic performance of students from different SES backgrounds and with different levels of IQ.

Contents Volume 8 Issue 1

‘A recent survey of five rural schools and five urban schools by the author revealed a startling fact regarding the new challenges for teacher education in India. It was found in the survey that despite the greater flow of funds and availability of better technology, the teachers who bring excellent results are the ones who had the burning desire to help children learn better, which the author calls the software of excellence in teaching learning. The commitment to put in sustained efforts needed for improving the performance of learners at all levels was found missing among a majority of the teachers surveyed, who for one reason or the other were found busy in compiling reports and distributing funds at the expense of the vital teaching learning interactions. This paper discusses the related challenges of public education in India and tries to present an alternative plan of action in order to meet the challenges of global economic exploitation of the masses in the guise of welfare measures. It concludes with asserting the crucial need for reform from within the system of teacher education to rejuvenate the system for making it self-sufficient and self-sustained in terms of quality input-output for the educational resurgence of the country. The author is of the opinion that simply by providing funds and recruiting teachers somehow is not going to help achieve the goals of quality education for all; rather a meaningful and alert mechanism of supervision, with active partnership of local bodies is the need of the hour to make the system work. Citing from the work of Dr. James Tooley (2009), the author points out that the way to meet the challenge is a systemic reform, at the centre of which is a paradigm shift in the training of teachers and re-orientation of educational administrators for their new and more complicated roles as sincere facilitators for lifelong learning of their students.’

Digital pedagogy can be defined as a use of electronic elements to enhance or to change experience of teacher education. The simple use of PowerPoint in the classroom to the Khan Academy’s exhortation to “flip the classroom,” and the massive growth of Open Online Courses (MOOCs), all are included in digital pedagogy. Apart from these, digital pedagogy also include blogging assignments, the use of social media in the classroom, “forking” syllabi with GitHub, and engaging students to use digital tools to test ideas. Therefore, digital pedagogy is no less than an attempt to use technology for changing teaching and learning in a variety of ways. Academic interest in digital pedagogy has taken its own toll. Digital pedagogy centred journals such as Hybrid Pedagogy and the Journal of Interactive Technology and Pedagogy was launched in 2011. Paul Fyfe argued that a simple incorporation of a tool in a lecture, without any reflection on how the lecture from itself should evolve, is pretty much the same as a lecture without tool. This paper tries to define digital pedagogy in a broad way.

Present article aims to discuss issues related how to become an effective teacher in the 21st century? Significant numbers of research studies have already been conducted and have dealt the area related to qualities of effective teacher at length. But majority of existing studies have mentioned the qualities of teachers limited to subject knowledge, pedagogical skills, classroom management, organisational skills, skills of using ICTs, orientation to child psychology and philosophy of teaching. As it is obvious that students of present century are more aspirants with competitive temperament as compared to students of decades ago, and they expect their aspirations to be realised and fulfilled. An ordinary teacher may not be able to help them is such aspects as they may not be having certain personal and professional qualities needed to deal. Only an effective teacher imbibed with the 21st century teachers’ qualities may be in position to pacify the needs of the students of this century. The question is that what would be the qualities of an effective teacher? In reply, this article has made an attempt not only to incorporate the related studies’ suggestions into it but also suggested and mentioned certain essential qualities like trustworthy, passionate, committed, good planner, visionary, optimistic, facilitator and so on needed to become an effective teacher.

Identification of students’ attitude towards learning and to the subject is essential part of educational research. The main aim of the study was focused on exploring students’ level of attitude towards Biology and to find out factors which influence students’ attitude towards Biology. To conduct this research, the convergent parallel mixed method approach was employed. For this study, a total of two research instruments such as survey questionnaire and interview were used for 170 student participants and 3 Biology teachers. The Principal Component Analysis (PCA) was used to reduce the item’s data to different factors, and the average of each factor items were used in statistical analyses. The significant difference in students’ attitude towards Biology based on gender and grades was calculated using independent t-test and ANOVA. Similarly, the qualitative data collected through interview section were transcribed and coded. The thematic analysis was used to generate themes from the data and were triangulated with quantitative findings further augmented with literatures. The result from this study revealed that, the students’ grade level have significant influence over students’ attitude towards Biology. In all the three components, the higher grades demonstrated more favorable attitude as compared to the lower grades. With regard to gender it was found that both the genders have same attitude level to all the components except for subject preference where female shows more preference towards Biology. Females are more align than the males to Biology compared to Physics and Chemistry. The general attitude of the students was found to be at high and positive level. As positive attitude is necessary for the students, therefore, there is a need to enhance the positive attitude by teachers, parents, and any other relevant education stakeholders. Biology teachers should use more of the practical based lesson so as to make concept understandable to all students irrespective of their difference.

The present study was carried out on standard -III students of 10 districts of Punjab to assess their scholastic achievement in relation to Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan interventions. Significant difference was observed in the scholastic achievement of students as Base line, Mid –term and Final –term assessment in Punjabi, English and Mathematics. For the subject of Punjabi, students from high literacy districts performed better than students from low literacy districts but in English, students from low literacy districts outperformed students from high literacy districts. For Mathematics, students from low literacy districts performed better in BAS and MAS but students from high literacy districts outperformed them in FAS.

Elementary Education (EE) in India is the only compulsory level of education extended as a right to all children in the age group 6-14years, and it is very likely that a huge proportion of the population gets opportunity of education upto this level only. When universalizing elementary education is still a challenge and learning outcomes in our schools are also concerning, it is necessary for education policies to emphasize ‘Skills for Life and Livelihood’ at elementary level of education. It is essential to necessitate the quality of learning in our schools for enabling a better material, human and spiritual life, and also for the sustainable development of the country withal.

This study aims to investigate the relationship of Self-efficacy and Mental Health among primary school teachers based on their gender (male and female), marital status (married and unmarried) and type of institution/locale (urban and rural). The sample comprised of 104 primary school teachers, among them there were 53 male teachers and 51 female teachers, 46 were married teachers and 58 were unmarried teachers, 47 teachers were from rural areas and 57 were from urban areas at primary school level. Teachers were asked to complete the Teacher Self-efficacy scale and Teacher Mental Health scale. The mean scores of the collected data were compared through t-test and Pearson correlation was also used to analyze the data. The results revealed that there is no significant difference between mean scores of Self-efficacy and Mental Health of primary school teachers on the basis of their gender and type of their institution but on the basis of their marital status there is a significant difference in the mean scores of Self-efficacy of married and unmarried primary school teachers where as the mean scores of Mental Health of married and unmarried primary school teachers have no significant difference. Further the result of Pearson correlation shows that there is no significant relationship between Self-efficacy and Mental Health of primary school teachers.

Multilingualism is not a new phenomenon. Around the world, multilingualism is a relatively widespread phenomenon. It is essential for the field of language education to consider and make adjustments to this reality because multilingualism brings opportunities and problems for all educational systems. In fields like linguistics, psycholinguistics, sociolinguistics, and education, multilingualism can be researched from a variety of angles because it is a multifaceted phenomenon. The teaching environment is improving with time as a result of the growth of teaching resources, favouring multilingual education. Globalization is associated with the need to increase our understanding of individual and societal multilingualism. Adopting a worldwide multilingual strategy could be a smart move to promote linguistic and cultural equity, which would afterwards lead to sustainable development.

Higher education has become a necessary condition in India for its people to sustain in competitive knowledge driven world. Taking cognisance of the circumstances there have been many organized efforts in this country so as to take higher education to a considerable population and thereby enable its people to live a more informed and confident life. This research article describes and explains how a vulnerable tribal population get the opportunity higher education in one of the State of Odisha. At the same time attempt has been made to bring the facts interms of socio-cultural, political and economic implications of higher education amongst the vulnerable Bonda tribal life. The investigator adopted descriptive study with case analysis design. The study was conducted in Malkangiri District of Odisha. Five Bonda tribes, who are graduates, had been involved as cases in this study. Semi-structured interview, informal interaction, close observation and recording of the interaction and interview techniques were adopted to study the cases. This article suggests that although Bonda tribesare found to have shown recessive characteristics amid socio-economic constraints interms of their participation in higher education gradually there has been a positive change in it because of the intervention of the State and Civil Societies. The progressive sign is that most of them are getting gainful employment opportunities either in private or public sectors besides their restricted participation in social and political affairs of their society. Although Bonda graduates are found to be instrumental in socio-cultural transformation, they are challenged by certain inherited traditions like taking excessive indigenous wine and animal slaughtering. The exposure of education has also helped Bonda to deal with a competitive environment especially the incursion of urban culture, which is found to be detrimental to their socio-cultural sustainability.

English as a language and medium of instruction have pierced so much into the minds of people that it seems so important to acquire proficiency and command over this language without which one cannot survive. With such a mindset, people go so far even to give up on learning and speaking in their mother tongue and decide to never go to a mother tongue medium school because the implications are unimaginable. In the light of this stake, I critique the dominant monolingual practices and initiatives laid in the English language and medium of instruction in Telangana Social Welfare Residential Educational Institutions Society which inevitably ‘empower’ the students coming from weaker sections of the community and ‘liberate’ them from various forms of societal stigmas and oppressions.

School education stands at a crossroads with growing uncertainties and ambiguity in the wake of Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19). The government’s mandate for the schools to go digital in their functioning is back into focus. From managing time-table to ensuring learner outcomes, teachers’ responsibility has increased considerably. Besides, the onus of school improvement has escalated the responsibilities of the principals considerably’. In such a scenario, there emerges a need to form a leadership continuum in schools that expands across the hierarchy and decentralizes power, especially to the teachers. Teacher leadership is a recent phenomenon in India, unlike its western counterparts, where the focus on the teachers’ role in leadership positions has already gained impetus. Clearly defined as a ’set of practices that enhance the teaching profession, it is a holistic concept that offers a means to improve schools overall’ (Killion et al. 2016). Besides guaranteeing school reforms, it also ensures durable professional identities (Fullan, 2006). ‘However, even where principals and schools support teacher leadership in classrooms and schools, this does not guarantee teachers to take full advantage of those opportunities to lead’(Berry et al. 2010a). In such a scenario, it becomes crucial for the principals to usher new and fresh teacher leadership prospects in schools ‘to embrace, encourage, and support innovation and creativity from their teachers’. The present paper contributes to the bleak literature on teacher leadership in India with a case study of a C.B.S.E. school in Trivandrum, Kerala. In India, rare studies attempt to conceptualise teacher leadership in a contextual understanding. Since education comes under the Concurrent List, both the Centre and States have a significant share in shaping education systems in the respective states. Hence, despite having a standard school system, culture and diversity shape the systems differently to cater to the diverse student needs and vast student strength. In such a scenario, teacher leadership can assure a potential solution to the issues related to the management and administration. The case study enlightens on the trajectory of teacher leadership observed by the school leader to achieve the maximum potential from a clientele of approximately 5000 students with the help of strong and confident teachers. It also assists the school in promoting positive culture, healthy competition, and overall improvement and concludes with the study’s implications.

Democracy and peace are mutually dependent indivisible concepts. In order to advance peace in society, its underlying democratic institutions need to be strengthened. This entails to build just societies in which resources are equally shared which will reduce conflicts in society. Democratic states are peaceful internally as well as in their relations with other states. Culture of democracy through which human rights are protected is required to maintain internal and international peace. Democratic institutional growth has been broadly considered a key factor in successful Peace-building process. Peaceful international environments according to some scholars permit democracy to emerge and conflict ridden environment obstruct democracy to function. So democracy and peace are interdependently linked.

Higher education in India is running through a crossroads especially in the context of NEP 2020, questionable learning outcomes of Indian graduates, decreasing quality education, faculty shortage for a long time and poor quality of students’ transition from school education to higher education. In such conditions, faculty recruitment and training for higher education are heavily loaded with high expectations from fresh recruits in Indian higher education Institutions as a faculty to deal with students and the system. The UGC-Human Resource Development Centres earlier known as Academic Staff Colleges have almost sole responsibility of faculty training and development in higher education system, besides some programmes run under PMMMNMTT for last few years. This particular paper gazed into the capacity building of higher education faculty along with the expenditure incurred upon these fresh recruits. Besides, refresher programmes for the experienced faculty members of higher education and short terms professional development programmes are also analyzed for the larger understanding of the issues, concerns and status of capacity building and role of HRDCs in faculty training in Indian Universities and Colleges.

Technology plays a critical role in teaching, learning and assessment processes. This study is an attempt to review the studies, initiatives and provisions for effective integration of technology in preparation and professional development of school teachers in Indian context. The digital competency of the teachers is crucial in implementing technological integration in the teaching, learning and assessment processes. The achievement of learners with technological integration will depend largely on the teachers’ abilities, perceptions and their skills to embrace the technology. The new education policy also highlights the need for integration of technology at all levels of education facilitating teacher preparation. It also highlights improving teaching, learning and evaluation processes. Several studies reported that the teachers were not fully confident to use technology as they were not properly trained. They have knowledge of technical devices but most of them don’t know how to use them in practical situations. This may be attributed to limited knowledge and training regarding how to use technology in teaching, learning and assessment.

The purpose of this study is to examine the influence of social intelligence on modernization among undergraduate college students of Jammu and Kashmir. Sample of the present study depend upon the 100 undergraduate students (50 male students and 50 females students) of Government Degree College Mendhar of Jammu and Kashmir. The data were collected through survey method under descriptive type with the help of standardized tool namely, social intelligence scale by Raghavendra S. Singh, A. N. Tripathi & Ramjee Lal (2005) and modernization scale by Mathur (2007). The data were collected from undergraduate students of government degree college Mendhar in Jammu region. In order to evaluate and interpret the data for the study, The investigator used the Average Mean, standard deviations, ’t’ test and product moment correlation for statistical analysis. Finding of the study show that a significant positive correlation between social intelligence and modernization of undergraduate students of Mendhar and found that a significant difference of social intelligence and modernization among UG college students of Jammu and Kashmir.

Psychological well-being is a major milestone in the developmental process of Adolescence. The ability to adapt to the changing environment and develop a sense of mastery is an important element of the emotional and psychological framework of an individual. One should be able to understand, control, modify, and manipulate various personal and environmental events for own benefit. This study attempts to prove the relationship between counseling and a sense of environmental mastery among school-going students. A range of studies across age, gender, and mental issues was studied for literature review. The sample of 300 students of class 10th was selected by the random sampling method. For data collection, a self-developed questionnaire on emotional well-being was developed on the theoretical ground of Ryff’s scale on psychological well-being. Paired t-test was used to find the impact of Counselling on the environmental mastery aspect of students’ well-being and results showed that there is a significant role of counseling at p>0.5 level of significance. Therefore, this could be concluded that a school that provides Counseling, and an overall good environment, nurture children to be resilient to adversities and have better environmental mastery.

Education for all is the phrase we have been hearing for a long time. Just like world peace, education for all is a dream too. Education has been the most important topic since the 19th century itself but as the days pass by the importance, need and ways of education are changing daily. Inclusive education is the most used phrase and the most important topic in school education nowadays. Since inclusion is introduced the challenges for the teachers have increased, but as the phrase says EDUCATION FOR ALL, we can never discriminate based on any disability, caste, creed, etc. As the need for inclusion is increasing day by day technology has been helping teachers in every case, in whatever means it can, E-inclusion can be the right term in this case as the technology is getting better every day. The mainstream schools are changing into inclusive schools for the better tomorrow, to make education for all come true, and to make this a success ICT is working hard to make things work. In this paper. Advanced technology and an increase in the use of different digital resources are important parts of education like teaching, feedback, evaluation, and learning become easier and faster, and not like traditional approaches. Specialized apps are being introduced for students with special needs, and it is not hard to get used to these apps. These are easily available and are easier to use. This paper focuses on how Mainstream schools are changing into inclusive schools and how technology is helping these schools, teachers, and students at every step of their teaching-learning process.

Expansion of higher education in terms of proliferation of Massive Open Online Courses seems an adequate alternative for higher education specially for those who are aspirant for it and are devoid of higher education due to one or the other reason. In last few years enrollment in MOOCs had a tremendous rise and are on hype specifically in India. After USA, India is at second rank in terms of enrollment in MOOCs. Recently Indian Government has launched many digital initiatives to support online education. The present research paper reflects the necessary readiness of Indian Higher education system by taking into account Teacher’s Readiness, Students Readiness and Institutional readiness or preparedness. Teacher’s readiness was studied from the aspects of awareness, attitude and aptitude for ICT based teaching and MOOCs. Student’s readiness was studied from the aspects of availability of hardware and software, Teacher facilitation etc. Institutional Readiness was studied from the aspects of availability of access devices and connectivity, Policies and internal functionaries for supporting online education. Data was collected from sample comprising of 500 teachers of higher education, 500 students of higher education and from 50 institutes of higher education in India by the use of three different questionnaires sent by google form specifically to study Teacher’s readiness, Student’s readiness and institutional readiness. After data analysis, the findings related to Teachers readiness reflected that more than half of the teachers are having positive attitude towards ICT based pedagogy and MOOCs and considers it advantageous for their professional enhancement and from learning perspective of students. A significant number of teachers mentioned about the need of training programs to enable them to develop MOOCs. Student’s readiness was also on the favorable side in terms of availability of access devices and internet connection. Students also exhibited positive attitude towards ICT based Pedagogy and MOOCs. Institutional readiness reflected that more then half of the institutions have availability in terms of access devices and connectivity. Policies and institutional mechanism is also supportive towards ICT based pedagogy and MOOCs. Although Institutional rewards and incentives are needed for teachers who are using ICT based teaching and MOOCs.

Open and distance education has been accepted as an effective and credible mode of education since the middle of the 20th century. As a follow up of this, many institutions and states have come forward in offering distance education through single mode and dual mode university structures. This has resulted in increased enrolment at affordable cost and easiness to access. The people in the remote areas, employed people and the people on the margins used the system effectively to realise their educational dreams. In Kerala, the demand for higher education is on the rise and this demand could not be met through conventional brick and mortar system. This realisation has led to the establishment of a state open university, ‘Sree Narayana Guru Open University’ in 2020. The university is in its embryo stage. Still, the university has to expedite the process for offering courses and appointment of workforce and other infrastructure requirements. The current structural deficiencies are to be broken through pragmatic actions and practices. The university has to follow best practices in distance education especially with regard to; (a) design and development of courses, (b) student support services, (c) management and financing of institution and (d) integration of technology.

Indian society, being male-dominated, suffers from a significant and repeated crime, that is, domestic violence against women. It is deemed socially acceptable, thereby increasing risks and threats towards them. Women are at particular risk of victimization and face more injustices due to lack of educational opportunities, low socio-economic status, gender disparity and patriarchal family structure. There are various provisions in the constitution and innumerable legislation that protect and empower women, but injustice still prevails due to execution failure and inability of this section to grasp appropriate measures of protection. The present study is conducted to understand the factors and conditions under which violence against women occurs and the laws and support available to victims in India by analyzing the previous research, reports and studies on related issues. This paper may help communicate and bring awareness among people on gender rights and issues so that women can lead fear-free, dignified, and safe lives.

The Corona Virus Disease (COVID-19) pandemic has caused massive disturbances in the lives of everyone. This study was set out to explore the severity of mental health in terms of Depression, Anxiety and Stress among undergraduate population in India during the second wave of COVID-19 lockdown. A cross sectional survey was adopted through an online survey from a sample of 1,719 students in India. Vaccination status and Demographic variables (gender, age, locale, religion and stream of study) of respondents were also deliberated. It was reported that depression was prevailing highest among symptoms of mental health, followed by stress symptoms and then anxiety. The results suggest unfavourable impacts of lockdown on mental health.

Education is equally important for human survival such as the availability of fine food, drinking water and affordable living spaces. The notion of the virtual classroom is an innovative and techno-oriented approach for learners’ progress and assessment. The findings of this study indicate that an egregious shift of traditional classes has insisted to installed cohesive interventions and concrete policy attention to designing the contours of future strategies and their speedy implementation. Evocative, digital divide deployed as a long-term grueling assignment and other causes of inequality in the online learning process including class and gender. Finally, it can be stated that a multi-pronged planning is needed to address the plethora of challenges associated with online teaching-learning in Indian schools.

Constructivism is an approach of teaching-learning to possess higher order thinking among learners. The main characteristic of constructivist learning is learners have their own choice to represent their thought and experiences to acquire new knowledge. It is a philosophy of construction of knowledge. Constructive learning provide a direction to both teacher and learners to reconstruct knowledge through active engagement in school activities. Constructivism is a theory which constructs learner’s new knowledge and understanding. It assimilates the existing knowledge to new one. Jean Piaget’s theory of cognitive development supports the constructivist theory. In constructive learning teacher acts as a facilitator and provide learning opportunities to construct knowledge based on learner’s prior experiences. Teacher develops skills to strengthen students’ potency and make them competent to learn new thing. 5Es model of constructive learning helps learners to learn collaboratively, actively and provide direction to solve problems in group.

Psychological well-being is a major milestone in the developmental process of Adolescence. The ability to adapt to the changing environment and develop a sense of mastery is an important element of the emotional and psychological framework of an individual. One should be able to understand, control, modify, and manipulate various personal and environmental events for own benefit. This study attempts to prove the relationship between counseling and a sense of environmental mastery among school-going students. A range of studies across age, gender, and mental issues was studied for literature review. The sample of 300 students of class 10th was selected by the random sampling method. For data collection, a self-developed questionnaire on emotional well-being was developed on the theoretical ground of Ryff’s scale on psychological well-being. Paired t-test was used to find the impact of Counselling on the environmental mastery aspect of students’ well-being and results showed that there is a significant role of counseling at p>0.5 level of significance. Therefore, this could be concluded that a school that provides Counseling, and an overall good environment, nurture children to be resilient to adversities and have better environmental mastery.

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