Reddy et al.
inexpensive methods of feed evaluation, and a high
mineral solution, 5 ml bicarbonate buffer, 5 ml macro
correlation between gas production in-vitro and in-vivo
mineral solution, 0.025 ml resazurine solution and 0.06 ml
apparent digestibility was reported (Menke and Steingass,
reduction solution) (Menke and Steingass, 1988). Rumen
1988). Therefore, the objective of the above study was
liquor was obtained with the help of a stomach tube fitted
to determine the digestibility, gas production and ME of
with vacuum pump from three Deccani rams that were
sorghum stover based complete diets to optimize the ratio
fed chopped SS with supplementation of concentrates
of sorghum stover and concentrate mixture in complete
before offering the morning feed. Approximately 350
diets for efficient microbial biomass production.
ml of rumen liquor was siphoned from different depths
and directions of reticulo rumen and transferred into pre
MATERIALS AND METHODS
heated thermos flask, strained through a fourfold muslin
cloth and flushed with CO 2 . Rumen fluid–buffer media
mixture is prepared under continuous flushing with CO 2
Experimental diets
and a 30 ml of inoculum consisting of 10 ml rumen fluid
Sorghum stover and concentrate mixture (maize, 31.0;
and 20 ml of bicarbonate mineral distilled water mixture
groundnut cake, 16.5; sunflower cake, 20.0; deoiled rice
was injected into the prewarmed glass syringes containing
bran, 23.0; molasses, 5.0; urea, 1.5; mineral mixture, 2.0
200 mg sample of sorghum stover based complete diets
and salt,1.0 parts) with 19.16 per cent crude protein (CP)
with roughage to concentrate ratio of 100:0 to 30:70 and
and 70% total digestible nutrients (TDN) were ground in
incubated in the water bath at (FORTUNA®, Häberle
willey mill (Direct drive-3010-014) with 1 mm screen
Labortechnik. Germany) 39°C for 24 h.
and prepared complete diets with roughage to concentrate
The gas produced was recorded at 8 and 24 hours of
ratio of 100:0, 90:10, 80:20, 70:30, 60:40, 50:50, 40:60
incubation. Gas production at 24 h, corrected for blank
and 30:70.
and standards, was used for determination of organic
matter digestibility (OMD) (Krishnamoorthy et al. , 2005)
Table 1. Chemical composition (% DM) of experimental feeds
and ME (Menke and Steingass, 1988). Partitioning factor
(PF), which is calculated as the ratio of substrate truly
Concentrate
Parameter
Sorghum stover
degraded:gas volume produced (Blummel et al. , 1994).
mixture
The microbial biomass production (MBP) and efficiency
Dry matter
95.4
89.5
of microbial biomass production (EMBP) of experimental
Organic matter
89.51
89.65
rations was determined using the formulae as described by
Crude protien
3.79
20.52
Blummel et al. (1997). After 24 hr of incubation, rumen
Crude fibre
43.21
16.89
liquor fluid-media mixture samples were analyzed for
Eether extract
1.11
1.82
ammonia nitrogen (Conway, 1957) and total volatile fatty
Nitrogen free extract
41.42
49.33
acids (TVFA) (Barnett and Reid, 1956). Feed samples
were analysed for proximate principles (AOAC, 1997)
Total ash
10.49
10.35
and fiber fractions (Van Soest et al. 1991).
Neutral detergent fibre
70.11
27.19
Acid detergent fibre
46.19
18.21
Statistical analysis
Hemi-cellulose
23.89
9.32
Cellulose
36.09
13.51
The data was subjected to one way analysis of variance.
Lignin
10.72
3.89
The differences between the means were tested for
significance using Duncan’s multiple range test
(Duncan 1955). All the statistical procedures were
Invitro gas technique
carried out as per the methods described by Snedecor
and Cochran (1994) by programming and processing in
In the in-vitro gas technique, media was prepared by using
computer. Significance was considered at P <0.05 levels.
various solutions (10 ml distilled water, 0.0025 ml micro
48
Journal of Animal Research: v.5 n.1. April 2015