The environment offers unlimited opportunities for development through effective exploration and exploitation of the available resources and purposeful utilization of the proceeds in developmental projects. However, in developing countries, environmental management is subject to various limitation and draw-backs. Consequently these countries continues to grapple with the challenges of climate change and its impacts, food security, population explosion, pest infestation, communicable diseases as well as pollution, contamination and environmental sustainability. The overall effects are poverty, low living standard, poor health, inadequate housing, high level of unemployment and under-employment, low agricultural productivity, technological backwardness and poor socio-economic development. Against the above background, it becomes pertinent to carry out an investigation on the essence and methods of effective environmental management, its socio-economic implications and the problems militating effective utilization of environmental resources in developing countries, hence this research.

Tyre is made up of natural rubber or synthetic rubber .natural rubber is present as milky liquid or latex in the bark of rubber tree, HEVEA BRASILIENSIS. Natural rubber combines with carbon, oil, sulphur and the chemicals at a temperature of 100-140oC and under goes a number of stages of processes. Synthetic rubber is any vulcanisable man made rubber like polymer. By retreading tyre we are doing a good job which is in favour of Natural resources. Tyre Retreading is a new technology, where the old tyres are made serviceable by removing worn out and damaged treads and replacing it with new treads. New treads are available in the market in form of rolls and in brief, in can be put on old tyre and cured with the help of steam. Similar to the new tyres, the treaded tyres can be very well used on all vehicles, irrespective of light or heavy vehicles. With a safe and new technology, which is being adopted now-a-days, it will be more easy and economical to produce tyres. As day by day, more and more vehicles are running on roads, hence more tyres are required for replacement. With further growth of economy, there will be an increase in transport as well as passenger vehicles and hence more tyres will be required. Hence, there is a very wide scope for retread tyres as an original replacement.

Reusing of information technological product is called Green Computing. Recycling plays an important role in Green Computing. In generally, Green Computing is the deployment, optimization, virtualization and energy management and more over resource allocation. This includes software, hardware, applications, utilities, drivers and so on and can be treated as model or approach foe eco-friendly information technology utilization. Cloud Technology and Green Computing are related with Cloud Computing. To prepare easy and effective Information Systems virtualization is the main fundamentals of Cloud Computing. Use of minimum computers and machine are recommended which provide centralized service. The aim of Green Computing may be fulfill by appropriate Cloud Computing utilization directly and indirectly. Apart from dealing with developing programmes or systems it also helps in developing a big spectrum of related components, which centralize software. Software Engineering is a common names in today’s information age. A list of instruction or data loaded into the computer to do certain activities in the computer is recognized as software. Software is a list of instruction or programme to carry out function in the computer and here software engineering play an important role for the social and cultural development and for designing and development of systems. Machine and this trend is increasing rapidly. This paper is illustrated several aspects of Software Engineering including its basic as well as fundamentals and some concern deals with Software Engineering in generally as well as in the perspective of social and community product development. Paper is expressed how Green Computing is an important socially touched domain and more clearly a social software engineering field.

Wireless sensor networks are composed of a broad array of independent sensors called nodes. These nodes are inexpensive and are used in data gathering usually in hostile environments. They collect data physical or environmental conditions, such as temperature, pressure, etc. And send it to a base station. They are limited in efficiency, secure routing, load sharing, etc. To overcome these issues clustering is performed in WSN, which partitions the network into groups. Each group selects a cluster head which gathers data from all the nodes and sends it to the base station. These groups head are selected using various algorithms which are based on residual energy, distance, etc. The proposed algorithm suggests the usage of a stochastic election approach to effectuate the improvement in load balancing of clusters in wireless sensor networks which also improves the network lifetime. The proposed system is a modified version of the SEARCH algorithm which is adapted with data thresholding to increase the network lifetime and remove redundancy of the data sent. The simulation results show that the proposed approach is more efficient than other distributed algorithms. This technique can be easily extended to large-scale wireless sensor networks.

Skills and knowledge are the commanding forces of economic growth and social development for any nation. Despite the continuous thrust being given on education and training in the country, there is still a great shortage of trained and skilled manpower to address to the various industrial needs; and this has slowed down the industrial growth. The shortage of skilled manpower could be overcome by promoting Vocational Education & Training (VET). The paper presents highlights of the study undertaken and reporting on the feasibility, outcome and relevance of vocational education and training programme in the light of human capital development among the remotely located residents of Sikkim. While the secondary data collection method was adopted to review the literature to identify various variables and their antecedents, the primary data collection method introduced to collect first-hand information from 305 respondents on variables to analyse their impact on each other. The Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS-21) was used to facilitate the analysis. The validity of the instrument and the data was checked through exploratory factor analysis and reliability was checked through Cronbach’s coefficient alpha.

A non-Newtonian fluid is a fluid with a viscosity that varied under the action of applied stress or forces. It has novel properties that make them potentially useful in many applications in industrial process. Their various types of characteristics have led to much excitement in the field of environment. Non-Newtonian fluids are categorized as numerous types of that due to several behaviors. Several types of behavior under appropriate state of affairs have been presented.

Higher education could be interactive and subject centred, and yet, it is not only about reading books and learning by heart but much more about knowing oneself while entering into the knowledge world. However, being educated is a chance in life, and this opportunity should be extended to anyone and everyone in whatever form it suits to him/her. For a country like India, informal education is our strength, and we may train large section of grass-root level and under-privileged children to help them develop not only in their local pockets but to help globally with trained and skilled manpower in diverse fields the industries look forward to acquire skilled hands for different jobs. To the unorganized sectors where employability is over 90 %, the thrust has to be directed on how to produce trained and skilled manpower to cope with the variety of job requirements. Further, the introduction of technological developments focusing the relatively higher product quality benchmark, the challenges in the informal sector are on rise; and thus, this paper attempts to analyze the ever growing importance of strengthening of the informal teaching-learning processes highlighting the new expectations from the higher education.

An inclined plate metering device for onion bulb planter was developed and its performance was evaluated in CAE, Lab, JNKVV, Jabalpur. Elevating error, cell fills, bulb damage, actual planting distance, mean planting distance, planting error and feed index were evaluated under the different peripheral speed of the rotor with respect to 3 angular positions of metering plate. It was found that elevating error was minimum (1.51 %) at the metering plate inclination of 50° compared to 60° and 70° at the peripheral speed of 7.6 m/min. The cell fill was maximum (100.38 %) due to double feed at the inclination angle of 50° compared to 60° and 70° at the peripheral speed of 7.6 m/min but the bulb damage was found nil at the inclination angle 500 at a peripheral speed 7.6 m/min. The bulb damage increases with an increase in peripheral speed of the rotor and actual planting distance, mean planting distance, planting error was minimum 10.79 cm, 11.08 cm, 1.92 cm respectively, with a maximum feed index of (93.17%) at minimum travel speed 0.6 km/h. However, the actual planting distance, mean planting distance, planting error increased and feed index decreased with the increase in travel speed, but the cell fill decreased with the increase in peripheral speed at all inclination positions.