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JAR - Volume 5 - Issue 4

[<<< GO BACK ][ VOLUME 5 - ISSUE 4 ]

Title: Effects of Storage Type and Inclusion of Sodium Propionate on Microbial Profile of Feed Ingredients Commonly Used in Pig Diets
Abstract :
An experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of storage type and inclusion of antifungal agent (sodium propionate) on microbial profile of feed ingredients commonly used in pig diets. Total of six feed ingredients (corn, wheat, soybean meal (SBM), corn DDGS, fish meal and poultry by-products) were stored in granary or feed bin with or without antifungal agent (0.30% sodium propionate) for 8 weeks period and microbial profile were investigated at the beginning of the experiment (week 0) and at 2, 4, 6 and 8 weeks of
storage. At the beginning of the experiment, microbial profile of all feed ingredients were not different ( p>0.05) among ingredients stored in granary or feed bin with or without sodium propionate. Irrespective of storage type and addition of sodium propionate, salmonella was not detected in any of all feed ingredient during 8
weeks of storage period. Inclusion of sodium propionate reduced ( p<0.05) populations of staphylococci in corn (2, 4, 6 and 8 weeks), wheat (8 week), SBM, DDGS, fish meal and poultry by-product (4, 6 and 8 weeks). Clostridia populations were reduced ( p<0.05) in sodium propionate added corn, SBM, DDGS, fish meal, poultry by-products (4, 6 and 8 weeks) and wheat (6 and 8 weeks). Coliforms populations were reduced ( p<0.05) in all sodium propionate added ingredients at 2, 4, 6 and 8 weeks of storage, whereas the inclusion of sodium propionate reduced total anaerobic bacteria in fish meal, (2, 4, 6 and 8 weeks), poultry by-product (2 and 4 weeks), SBM (4 and 6 weeks) and corn, wheat, DDGS (4, 6 and 8 weeks).Yeast and mold count were reduced ( p<0.05) in wheat, SBM, DDGS, fish meal and poultry by-products (week 4, 6, and 8) and corn (week 6 and 8). However, storage type (granary vs. feed bin) had no effects ( p>0.05) on populations of staphylococci, clostridia, coliforms, total bacterial count, yeast and mold counts during any storage period. The results obtained in the present study indicated that microbial profile of feed ingredients was not affected by storage type (granary vs. feed bin), but the inclusion of sodium propionate improved the microbial profile of all feed ingredients commonly used in pig diets.
Title: Adaptation of Capripox Virus Isolate from Goats in Heterologous Cells
Abstract :
An outbreak of goatpox was attended in district Durg and surrounding regions of Chhattisgarh state. Dried skin scabs were collected from 250 goats of different age groups showing clinical signs suggestive of pox. The prevalence rate was studied based on severity of clinical signs followed by confirmation with agar gel immuno diffusion (AGID) test. Positive scabs were further processed for virus isolation in embryonated chicken eggs via dropped chorio allantoic membrane (CAM) route followed by inoculation of CAM material in chinese hamster ovary and chicken embryo fibroblast cell cultures and propagated up to fifth passage level. Goatpox was reported with a prevalence rate of 74% using AGID. Distribution of disease in young animals, particularly in the kids (below 6 month) was more (45.4%) as compared to those between 6 to 24 months (31.35%) and 24 months and above (23.24%). Capripox virus showed cytopathic effect in chinese hamster ovary cells only after
third passage and no cytopathic effect in chicken embryo fibroblast cells even up to fifth passage. Cytopathic effects appeared after 72 hrs in chinese hamster ovary cell and were characterized initially by rounding and clumping of cells, cytoplasmic vacuolation followed by cell detachment. Identity of capripox virus was confirmed positive in both the cultures from third to fifth passage by both AGID and countercurrent immuno electrophoresis (CIE) test. In conclusion, field isolate of capripox virus was successfully adapted and propagated on chinese hamster ovary cell following third passage.
Title: Composition of goat milk in Grenada, West Indies: A preliminary study
Abstract :
Goat farming is a common practice on the island of Grenada, West Indies. In the years post-Hurricane Ivan (2004), the dairy goat industry has been gradually evolving into a commercial entity, in order to provide goat milk and milk products to the community. Vital to the sustainability of this industry is the maintenance of a high-quality and reproducible product. However, there are no data available on the current composition of goat milk in Grenada. This preliminary study was undertaken to assess the composition of goat milk to assist farmers in the further development of the Grenada goat milk industry. Using a commercial milk analyzer, 115 goat milk samples from four Grenada parishes were analyzed. The results gave an average of dairy goat milk composition in Grenada, including values for fat (4.53%), protein (3.47%), non-fat solids (9.07%), lactose (4.91%), and total solids (13.60%). Milk values were significantly different among the four parishes, with St. Patrick having the lowest values and St. Andrew the highest. Additionally, there was no significant difference between values derived for Grenada versus those recently reported in the neighboring island of Trinidad. The composition of goat milk in Grenada and the differences among parishes is hypothesized to be influenced in
large part by nutrition. Future plans are underway 1) to advise goat farmers on the husbandry and feeding of goats to optimize the quality of milk and 2) to perform updated analyses on the milk composition postimplementation.
Title: Current Advances in surgical Management of Ruminal Disorders of Bovine
Abstract :
Ruminal disorders in ruminant are numerous and constitute a major clinical problem. Disorders of forestomach in adult cattle can result from a variety of common causes including traumatic reticulo-peritonitis, ruminal acidosis, bloat, simple indigestion and vagal indigestion. The bovine forestomach are affected highly due to ingested foreign bodies which are the subject of attention almost all over the world and also major economic importance due to severe loss of production and productivity and sometimes death of the animal. The animals are stabilized with fluids and electrolytes for the imbalances preoperatively. Preparation of the animal for surgery includes removal of the hair and cleansing of the skin around the surgical site. Rumenotomy and diaphragmatic hernia repair are surgeries performed for treating many ruminal disorders in bovine. Anaesthetic techniques required for rumenotomy are para-vertebral nerve block by use of lignocaine hydrochloride. Ultrasound diagnosis, completely siphon out of the fluid, visceral blockade and refilling of rumen with refilling agents are among the current advances in surgical managements of ruminal disorders. A long vertical skin incision starting about three to four centimeters below the transverse process of the lumbar vertebrae is made. The abdominal muscles and peritoneum are also incised corresponding to the skin incision. The rumen incision is closed by double row of continuous inverting sutures using chromic catgut. The commonest
complications are wound dehiscence and hemorrhage and seroma formation.
Title: Intracellular Delivery of Histidine and Arginine Rich Cell Penetrating Peptides into HeLa cell Line
Abstract :
Most bioactive macromolecules, such as DNA and RNA, cannot permeate into cells freely from outside the plasma membrane. Cell penetrating peptides are a group of short peptide sequences that are able to transverse the cell membrane for mediating gene into living cells. In this study we demonstrate two cell penetrating peptides 5H-R9-C and 7H-R9-7H-C. These peptides are synthesized by solid phase methodology and labelled these peptides by FITC and purified them by RP-HPLC. FITC labelled peptides are efficiently internalize into HeLa cells confirmed by fluorescence microscopy and flow cytometry. Further studies are being carried out to deliver cargo molecule (siRNA, oligonucleotide and pDS RED) by these peptides. These results suggest that these peptides appear to be a promising tool for drug delivery.
Title: Development of an Improved Rabbit Model of Spinal Cord Compression by Embolectomy Catheter
Abstract :
The aim of this experimental study was to evaluate the efficacy of epidural balloon inflation into the unroofed spinal cord for the creation of a experimental spinal cord injury model in rabbits. Ten New Zealand white rabbits were used for this study. Before operation and after anasthesia with 60 mg/kg ketamine and 6 mg/kg
xylazine. A midline skin incision was done on the lumbar skin at the level of L1-L4 lumbar vertebrae. Paravertebral muscles were bluntly dissected bilaterally. A microhemilaminotomy was done in the right L3 lamina close to the midline. An arteial embolectomy catheter was inserted into the spinal column between the bone and dura mater to the level of L1-L2 intervertebral space. The microballoon was gradually inflated by using a volume-controlled microballoon inflation syringe over a period of 3 minutes. The microballoon was
deflated 8 minutes later and removed completely from the epidural space. All rabbits were paraplegic after the operation. In conclusion, this experimental study demonstrated that the microballoon inflation technique is a very successful method for the evaluation of spinal cord injury in rabbits. Unroofing of the spinal column is extremely important because decompression may be an effective treatment in spinal cord injury. A suitable spinal injury model was created, that is minimally invasive, uniform and easily reproducible.
Title: Prevalence and Economic Significance of Cystic Hydatidosis: Bovine at Kombolcha Elfora Industrial Abattoir, North Wollo, Ethiopia
Abstract :
A cross-sectional study design was conducted out from July 2014 to September 2015 Kombolcha ELFORA industrial abattoir to assess the prevalence of hydatid cyst in slaughtered cattle through post mortem inspection procedure of visualization, palpation and incision of vital organs. During study period there were 384 cattle examined by random sampling data collection method. Among 384 examined slaughtered in the abattoir 53 (13.8%) were found harboring hydatid cyst. There were variation in prevalence rate among different geographical location could be do to strain difference of echinoccus granulosus that exist in different geographical location, culture of people, social activities and probably physiological activities of cattle, health condition and duration of exposure time were contributed for infestation. Hydatid cyst were predominantly in lung and liver representing 10% and 6% respectively, because the lung and liver posses greater capillary field which allows these organs efficiently filter the ingestion oncospher from blood liver and lung undergo sequential which is followed by pulmonary filtration action before other are invaded. Higher percentage of hydatid cyst in the lung compared to liver because lung tissue has soft consistency relatively lower reticulo endothelial cell and less abundant connected tissue.
Title: Effect of Dietary L-Carnitine Supplementation with Animal Fat on Carcass Characteristics of Broiler Chicken
Abstract :
Study was carried out to find out the effect of L-carnitine supplementation on carcass characteristics in Venncobb broiler chicks fed with diet containing animal fat. Eighty day old commercial broiler chicks were randomly allotted to two treatment groups (T1 and T2) with four replicates of ten chicks each. The birds were fed with standard broiler chicken ration (BIS, 1992) containing 5% animal fat. T1 was the control, while T2 was supplemented with L-carnitine (900 mg/kg feed). At the end of 42 days, five birds from each treatment were slaughtered in order to determine carcass traits and organ weights. The results revealed that the supplementation
of L-carnitine lowered the abdominal fat content of birds. However, L-carnitine supplementation had no effect on the body weight gain, slaughter weight, carcass weight, dressing percentage, giblet yield percentage and weight of internal organs.
Title: Influence of Condensed Tannins Supplementation through Leaf Meal Mixture on Urinary excretion of Purine Derivatives, Microbial Protein Synthesis and Performance ofHaemonchus contortus Infected Sheep
Abstract :
Study was carried out to assess the effect of condensed tannins (CT) containing leaf meal mixture (LMM) on feed intake, body weight changes, parasitic load, urinary excretion of purine derivatives (PD) and microbial protein synthesis (MP) in Haemonchus contortus infected sheep. Eighteen adult male sheep of similar age and body weight (25.03±1.52) were randomly divided into three groups (negative control; NC, infected control; C and treatment; T) of six each in a completely randomized block design (CRD) for a period of 90 days. Twelve H. contortusinfected sheep were allocated into C and T groups, containing 0 and 1.5% of CT, respectively. Six non-infected sheep was taken in NC group to compare their performance with C group. Concentrate intake was significantly (P<0.000) lower in T group as compared to C group, while roughage intake did not differ significantly irrespective of groups. Final body weights were comparable (P<0.063) among all three groups. Faecal egg counts (FECs) were significantly (P<0.001) higher in C group as compared to T group. MP synthesis
was calculated by estimating urinary excretion of PD through High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Total PD excretion, absorption of PD and Microbial nitrogen (MN) supply (g d-1) were comparatively (P<0.05) higher in T group than in the C group. It may be concluded that CT supplementation (1.5%) decreased H. contortus load in sheep by reducing FECs and has a potential benefits on protein nutrition by altering partitioning of nutrients towards higher microbial yield and absence of any depressing effect on rumen MN synthesis.
Title: Effect of Graded Levels of Niacin Supplementation on Total Mixed Ration Containing Different Non-Protein Nitrogen Sources in vitro
Abstract :
The present study was undertaken to study the effect of varying levels of niacin supplementation(0, 200, 400 and 600 ppm, respectively) on low urea based total mixed ration (TMR)replacing 10% of total crude protein (CP) of ration with different non protein nitrogen (NPN) sources by in vitro gas production technique. All the
rations were iso-nitrogeneous in nature.On the basis of higher partition factor, neutral detergent fibre degradability (NDFD%), organic matter degradability (OMD%), microbial mass production and efficiency of microbial mass production from different NPN sources. Supplementation of varying levels of niacin in low urea based TMR did not have any significant effect on microbial mass production and its efficiency. The in vitro pH and NH3 concentration was significantly (P<0.05) reduced at 600ppm level of niacin supplementation. The total volatile fatty acids (TVFA) concentration was significantly higher (P<0.05) in control TMR and lowest in uromol based TMR. Niacin supplementation produced significantly higher (P<0.05) TVFA at 200ppm level and lowest (P<0.05) at 600ppm in TMR. It can be concluded that slow release urea seems to be better option than urea and uromol as NPN supplement in the diets of ruminants when low (10% of total CP) urea based TMR is to be prepared.
Title: Effect of Carrot Powder on the Quality Attributes of Fibre-Enriched Spent Hen Meat Cutlets
Abstract :
The present study was envisaged to develop fibre-enriched chicken meat cutlets with the incorporation of carrot powder. Chicken meat cutlets incorporating four levels of carrot powder viz. 0% (control), 2.0 % (T1), 4.0% (T2) and 6.0% (T3), were prepared by replacing lean meat with carrot powder in the basic formulation of chicken meat cutlets. The developed cutlets were evaluated for various parameters such as proximate, physicochemical, instrumental texture and colour profile, and sensory attributes. The moisture, dietary fibre, cooking yield increased significantly (P<0.05) whereas fat content decreased significantly with the increasing levels of carrot powder. The dimensional parameters were better maintained in the treated groups than control. Hardness value of the cutlet increased significantly (P<0.05) upon the incorporation of carrot powder and the values for T2 and T3 were significantly higher (P<0.05) than T1. Increasing trend was also observed in a* values with increase in the incorporation level of carrot powder which might be due to red colour of carrot powder. The overall acceptability scores of the chicken meat cutlet with 4% carrot powder was significantly (P<0.05) higher than control and other treatment products.
Title: Effect of Replacing Inorganic Zinc with Lower Levels of Organic Zinc on Zinc Retention and Follicular Population in Rats
Abstract :
An experiment of 10 weeks duration was conducted on 48 weaned female rats (285.2 ± 1.95 g) of strain Sprague Dawley to study the effect of replacing dietary Zn (12 ppm) supplementation from inorganic (ZnCO3) to organic (Zn nicotinate; Zn-nic) source at lower (6 or 9 ppm) or equal (12 ppm) levels on Zn retention and ovarian follicular population. Higher Zn concentration (on day 42) in serum (P<0.01) and liver (P<0.05) was noticed with 9 and 12 ppm Zn supplementation as Zn-nic compared to other dietary treatments. Zn deposition in pancreas, muscle and kidney was comparable among the dietary treatments. In comparison to 12 ppm inorganic Zn, RBC catalase and glutathione peroxidase activities (42nd d) improved (P<0.05) with 9 and 12 ppm organic Zn. Significantly (P<0.05) highest and lowest serum progesterone concentration was observed with 9 or 12 ppm Zn as Zn-nic and 6 ppm as Zn-nic supplementation, respectively. Regular estrous cycle was observed with 9 or 12 ppm Zn supplementation as Zn-nic, while 30% rats fed on other dietary treatments showed irregular estrous cycle. The proportion of primary follicles was lowest (P<0.01) and that of corpus uteum was highest (P<0.01) with 12 ppm Zn supplementation from Zn-nic, compared to other dietary treatments. The study indicated that Zn concentration in diets could be reduced by 75% (9 ppm) when supplemented as Zn nicotinate without affecting estrous cycle and follicular population. In addition, replacement of 12 ppm inorganic Zn with 12 ppm organic Zn significantly improved its retention and follicular population.
Title: Multi Drug Resistant Staphylococcus pseudintermedius isolates from Canine Pyoderma
Abstract :
Staphylococcus pseudintermedius is an important opportunistic pathogen of companion animals, especially dogs. Four dogs with a long-term inflammatory skin disorder due to infection with methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus pseudintermedius(MRSP) are described. Bacteria was isolated from the skin swab samples from diseased animal and characterized with the different biochemical test and identification strips. Antibiotic resistance pattern has been examined. All strains were shown multidrug resistance pattern and found sensitive
only for Amikacin. Staphylococcus pseudintermedius was also found coagulase positive and methicillin resistant strain.
Title: Serum Haptoglobin Concentration to Monitor Recovery from Postpartum Sub-Clinical Endometritis in Murrah Buffaloes
Abstract :
A total of 150 postpartum apparently healthy buffaloes were screened. Out of these 30 buffaloes were found to be positive for sub-clinical endometritis were selected and divided into five groups. The group wise treatment allotted were: Group I (cloprostenol,), Group II (cloprostenol + benzathine cephapirin, single I/U infusion),
Group III (100 ìg E. coli LPS, single I/U infusion), Group IV (500 mg Oyster glycogen, single I/U infusion) and Group V (0.25% Lugol’s iodine 20 ml, single I/U infusion). All the animals were subjected to trans-rectal ultrasonography, endometrial cytology, microbial assay and blood sampling for serum haptoglobin concentration before and after treatment. Total viable bacteria count revealed non-significant (p > 0.05) difference within pre- and post-treatment samples between different treatment groups. Post-treatment total viable bacteria count significantly (p < 0.05) reduced to zero in treatment groups III and IV. Out of 30 pre-treatment uterine lavage samples obtained from all the treatment groups, 25 (83.33%) samples were found positive. E. coli 08 (30.76%) was highly prevalent followed by 07 (26.92%) Staphylococcus spp., 03 (11.53%) Streptococcus spp.,
03 (11.53%) Proteusspp., 03 (11.53%) Acinetobacter spp. and 01 (07.69%) Bacillusspp. Serum haptoglobin concentration in different treatment groups ranged from 76.62 ± 1.58 to 85.83 ± 2.12 ìg/ml prior to treatment and 26.37 ± 0.86 to 42.57 ± 9.08 ìg/ml post-treatment. Significant reduction (p < 0.05) was observed in haptoglobin concentration between pre- and post-treatment values in all the treatment groups. It was concluded that assessment of haptoglobin concentration in sub-clinical endometritic postpartum buffaloes can be used to monitor course of treatment at different points of time.
Title: Evaluation of PPD based ELISA in the Diagnosis of Bovine Tuberculos
Abstract :
541 animals from three dairy farms () were firstly screened for bovine tuberculosis by tuberculin skin testing, out of which 71 (13.12%) animals were found tuberculin reactors. The serum samples of 71 tuberculin positive- 104 tuberculin negative and 363 non tuberculin tested animals were then evaluated by Purified Protein Derivative (PPD)-ELISA. PPD-ELISA yielded 57.74%, 8.65% and 24.24% seropositivity in tuberculin positive, tuberculin negative and non-tuberculin tested animals with an overall seroprevalence of 25.65% among tested sera. The relative sensitivity and specificity of ELISA with tuberculin test was 57.74% and 91.34%, respectively. The use of PPD based ELISA may be suggested in conjugation with tuberculin test for whole herd screening and culling programme especially in anergic state or advanced stages of infection.
Title: Assessment of Antimicrobial Activity of Pomegranate Leaf Extract against Bacterial Isolates of Otitis Externa and Diarrhea of Dogs
Abstract :
Bacterial pathogens were isolated from cases of otitis externa and diarrhoea in dogs at Durg and Raipur districts of Chhattisgarh. All isolates were further subjected for antibiogram profile using commonly used antibiotics. Total 105 bacterial isolates were obtained which included Staphylococcus sp.and E. coli as predominant pathogens followed by Proteus, Klebsiella, Pseudomonas, Micrococcusand Salmonella. In cases of otitis externa, ciprofloxacin was the most effective antibiotic (67.27%) followed by Gentamicin (61.81%), Cephalaxin (40%), Chloramphenicol (32.72%), Amoxycillin (21.81%), Ampicillin (20%), Doxycycline (16.36%), Penicillin (12.72%) and Erythromycin (3.63%). However, Chloromphenical (72%) was reported as the most effective drug against bacterial isolates of diarrhoea followed by Ciprofloxacin (70%), Gentamicin (52%), Cephalaxin (40%), Doxycyline (30%), Ampicillin (14%), Amoxycillin (6%) and Erythromycin (2%).Cold extract of pomegranate leaves was then assessed for antibacterial activity against all isolates by disc diffusion and tube dilution methods. The zones of inhibition of pomegranate leaves extract (PLE) against Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Proteus, Klebsiella, E. coliand Salmonella were 18.8 ± 0.050, 5±0.70, 7.8±0.73, 16.2±0.86, 15.6±0.92 and 15.2±0.86 mm respectively. The zone of inhibition with Staphylococcus was significantly higher (P<0.05) than other bacteria. The minimum bactericidal concentration against Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella, E. coliand Salmonella were 33.33±8.34, 66.66±16.68, 66.66±16.68 and 33.33±8.34 mg/ml respectively. Staphylococcus aureus showed maximum sensitivity to pomegranate leaf extract amongst all the organisms studied, followed by Klebsiella, E. coliand Salmonella. Although, Proteus
and Pseudomonas were refractory to PLE, but moderate sensitivity was noticed even against few multidrug resistant isolates.
Title: Evaluation of Diuretic Effect of Aqueous Extract of Dolichos biflorus Seeds against Ethylene Glycol Induced Renal Stone in Experimental Rats
Abstract :
Aqueous extracts of seeds of Dolichos biflorus was evaluated for its diuretic activity against experimentally induced renal stone in rats. The animals were grouped into seven groups of six animals each. Hyperoxularia was induced by giving ethylene glycol and ammonium chloride to a final concentration of 0.75 % and 2% in
drinking water for a period of 28 days. The first group of animals served as negative (healthy) control and received normal distilled water. The second group served as positive (untreated) control and no extract was given to this group. Rest groups received aqueous extract of Dolichos biflorus at a dose of 100, 150, 200, 250 and 300 mg/kg. The urine volume was recorded for all the groups after every seven days for about 28 days. The extracts treated groups showed increase in total urine production and the extract treated group (300 mg/kg) showed significantly and markedly increased the urine output (p < 0.01). There was significant (p < 0.01) decrease in pH of positive control rats as compared to extract treated rats. Urinary pH also showed dose dependent effect, the higher the dose the lesser the decrease in pH of urine. The extract treated rats showed lesser decrease in pH as compared to positive control rats. Crystals in urine also varied with dose of extract and lesser crystals were found in rats treated with higher dose of extract and maximum crystals were found in positive control group. These findings suggest the possible traditional use of this plant in nephrolithiasis as diuretics.
Title: Effect of Different Heat Ameliorating Measures on Micro-Climatic Variables in Loose Houses During Hot Humid Season in Murrah Buffalo Heifers
Abstract :
The present investigation was conducted to study the effect of heat ameliorating measures on micro-climatic variables in the loose houses during hot-humid season. In the study different heat ameliorative measures viz. control (T0), cooling jacket (T1), cooling jacket + forced ventilation (T2) and sprinkler + forced ventilation (T3)
were utilized to ameliorate the thermal stress in Murrah buffalo heifers (n = 24). Daily maximum and minimum temperatures relative humidity (RH) and temperature humidity index (THI) of both micro and macro climate were measured at 10.00 am and 2.00 pm of Indian Standard Time (IST) by using maximum and minimum and
dry and wet bulb thermometer. Significantly (P<0.05) lower maximum temperature was observed in T3, T2 and T1 groups (29.93 ± 0.19, 30.43 ± 0.18 and 31.27 ± 0.19oC, respectively) as compared to T0 group (32.25 ± 0.19oC). However, significantly (P<0.05) lowest minimum temperature was found in T3, T2 and T1groups (25.28 ± 0.22, 25.81 ± 0.23 and 26.60 ± 0.23oC, respectively) and higher minimum temperature in T0 group (27.60 ± 0.22oC). We observed significantly (P<0.05) lower RH in T3 and T2 groups (69.84 ± 0.57 and 71.93 ± 0.51%, respectively) than those of T0 (77.18 ± 0.49) at 2.00 pm. During the peak hot period significantly (P<0.05) lower temperature humidity index (THI) was reported in T3, T2 and T1 groups (78.89 ± 0.24 and 79.43 ± 0.25 and 81.39 ± 0.23, respectively) as compare to T0 group (82.36 ± 0.20). Therefore, it can be concluded that forced ventilation with
sprinklers or cooling jacket is an important mean to protect animals from thermal stress under loose houses during hot-humid season.
Title: Sialic Acid Content in Colostrum of Two Cross Breed Dairy Goat: Effect of Breed and Lactation
Abstract :
The present study aims to investigate the sialic acid content in colostrum of two crossbred goats, Sannen ×× Beetal and Alpine × Beetal, and to compare the effect of milking time on the sialic acid content between the breeds. Colostrum samples were collected from all the animals, at an interval of 12 hours, beginning at kidding
till 72 hours thereafter. The sialic acid concentrations were estimated from the processed colostrum samples by fluorimetric method. The sialic acid content in colostrum of Alpine × Beetle and Sannen × Beetle goats ranged from 0.19 to 1.03 and 0.17 to 0.98 mg/ml, respectively. Sialic acid concentrations of colostrum in both the breeds were higher at 0 hour of milking and a gradual decrease in their levels was observed till 72 hours of milking. The mean ± S.E. sialic acid concentrations of Alpine × Beetal colostrum at 12, 24, 36, 48, 60 and 72 hours were significantly (P < 0.001) higher than their respective values for Sannen × Beetle colostrum. This study indicated that the breed and milking time have significant effect on sialic acid concentration of goat’s colostrum.
Title: Effect of Aminoguanidine-Hemisulphate on Amikacin Induced Hematological Alterations in Wistar Rats
Abstract :
In the present study, haematological alterations induced by intraperitoneal administration of amikacin and the effect of aminoguanidine-hemisulphate alone and their combination was studied in wistar rats of either sex.Twenty-four healthy wistar rats divided into 4 groups (I, II, IIIand IV) were taken for the study. The intraperitoneal administration of amikacinat at a dose rate of 15 mg/kg body weight for 28 days (Group-II) caused a significant decrease in haematological parameters like Hb, PCV, TEC and TLC as compared to control-group. Although a significant increase in parameters was found in aminoguanidine treated-rats on day 15th and 29th as compared to day zero within same group. However after the co-administration of amikacin and aminoguanidine, a non-significant change was found in same parameters (Hb, TEC, PCV and TLC) as compared to control.
Title: Effect of Acidified Sodium Chlorite Treatment of Feedstuffs on Nitrogen and Amino Acid Digestibility in Poultry
Abstract :
The present study was conducted to study the effect of Acidified sodium chlorite (ASC) treatment on nitrogen utilization and amino acid digestibility in caecectomised white leghorn cockerels. Feed ingredients viz. soybean meal, meat cum bone meal and sunflower meal were treated with 80 ppm of ASC either in dry or wet form and
30 g of these ingredients were forced fed to caecectomised white leghorn cockerels, maintained in individual cages. Fecal material was collected (up to 24 h) and analyzed for dry matter, nitrogen, uric acid and amino acid content. Results revealed that ASC treatment of feedstuffs numerically improved their dry matter metabolizability
without any appreciable variation in nitrogen and amino acids bioavailability. Thus it may be concluded that ASC treatment (80 ppm) of feedstuffs has no apparent effect on nitrogen and amino acid digestibility in poultry.
Title: Characterisation of Mizoram Native Cattle of Indian Origin
Abstract :
A total of 33 farmers from 11 villages of Champhai and Kolasib districts were interviewed and 237 animals of different age and sex were recorded for physical and morphometric characteristics and performance to characterise indigenous cattle of Mizoram state. Based on the maximum number of indigenous cattle revealed from livestock census, two districts were selected for survey viz. Champhai (6663) and Kolasib (4720). Animals were reared mainly on extensive management conditions. The body colour varied in different colours i.e. brown (85%), black (11%) and gray (41%). Animals were small in size with cylindrical type of body. Udder was small and milk veins were not prominent. The daily milk production ranged from 1.5 to 3.5 kg. The average milk yield was 1.54±0.11 kg. The average age at first calving, lactation length, dry period, service period, calving interval, herd life and number of calving during life time were 1160 days (28 to 42 months) 178 days (150-210 days), 132 days (120-150 days), 121 days (90-120 days), 638 days (12-24 months), 15-20 years and 8-10 calving, respectively. A pair of bullock may plough about 0.5 acre of land in 5-6 hours. Different body measurements revelead that animals are small in size. It was observed that cows had good potential for milk production in the difficult climate. There is urgent need plan genetic improvement programs to improve the productivity of indigenous cattle of the state.
Title: Effect of Fibrolytic Enzyme on Nutrient Utilization and Rumen Fermentation Pattern in Sheep
Abstract :
Effect of fibrolytic enzyme supplementation on nutrients utilization of sheep was studied. Twelve male Patanwadi sheep (12-15 month) were randomly divided in two groups of 6 each. Sheep were fed rations containing 50 % wheat straw and 50% compound concentrate mixture. A fibrolytic exogenous enzyme @ 0.025% was added to the ration of animal fed TMR. At the end of 14 weeks experimental period, animals were kept on digestion trial and three animals of each group were used for rumen fermentation analysis. There was no difference in final body weight between the groups due to enzyme treatment. There was non-significant difference on intake of dry matter and organic matter and also digestibility of DM, OM, CF and EE were not affected by treatment. However, the digestibility of CP and NFE were observed significantly (p<0.05) higher in treatment group as compared to control group. There was no significant effect on pH, TVFA, ammonia-N and NPN concentrations. However, the Total-N and protein-N concentration were significantly higher in treatment group as compared to control group. The daily feed cost was ` 6.04 and 5.90 under T1 and T2, respectively (P>0.05) which was somewhat lower in T2 in comparison to T1. It could be concluded that fibrolytic enzyme have no effect on feed intake, body wt gain, digestibility except protein utilization.
Title: Effect of Prepartum Concentrate Supplementation on Blood Biochemical Profiles of Native Ewes in Coastal Odisha
Abstract :
Present study was undertaken to elucidate the effect of concentrate supplementation on the periparturient blood biochemical profiles of native ewes, two months before expected date of lambing in coastal Odisha. Forty (40) pregnant ewes were randomly distributed into two treatment groups (T1 and T2) based on their body weight, age and parity. First group (T1) was maintained on grazing only, while the second group (T2) was supplemented with a balanced concentrate mixture @ 200 g/sheep/day along with grazing. Blood samples were collected one month before and one month after parturition for analysis of serum glucose, total protein, albumin, globulin, A/G, cholesterol, triglyceride, urea and creatinine. Significant (P<0.05) increase was observed for serum glucose and globulin, both before and after parturition in (T2) (before: 56.65 ± 1.86 mg/dl and 5.08 ± 0.59 g/dl; after: 53.93 ± 1.62 mg/dl and 4.04 ± 0.32 g/dl) as compared to T1 (before: 51.23 ± 1.90 and 4.12 ± 0.45g/dl; after: 45.88 ± 1.57 mg/dl and 3.25 ± 0.45 g/dl). Non significant results were observed for rest of the biochemical parameters studied between the control and the treatment both before and after lambing. It was concluded that prepartum concentrate feeding @ 200 g /day/ewe is required to maintain the glucose and globulin level in ewes after compensating the energy needs of growing foetus and colostrum production in mammary gland.
Title: An Economic Analysis of Different Farming Systems Prevailing in Udaipur District of Rajasthan
Abstract :
The Present study was conducted in Udaipur District in Southern Rajasthan during 2013-14 with the aim to identify the existing farming systems and to study the economics and income and employment generation by different existing farming systems. Four prominent farming systems were observed in the study area, viz; FSI: Crop + Dairy (C + D); FS- II : Crop + Dairy+ Goat (C + D + G); FSIII : Crop + Dairy + Vegetable (C + D + V) and FS-IV : Crop + Dairy + Goat + Vegetable (C +D+ G + V) Girwa and Gogunda two tehsils were selected randomly for the study. FS - I was being adopted by maximum no. of farmers in Girwa tehsil while in Gogunda tehsil maximum number of farmers adopted FS-III. The total cost of farming system in Girwa tehsil was lowest in FSI and it was highest in FS-IV in both the tehsils. In Girwa tehsil the highest net returns were observed in FS-IV while in Gogunda tehsil highest net return were observed in FS-II due to internal adjustment of costs in taking goat and dairy enterprises along with crop cultivation even though the total costs in these farming systems were also higher. The return per rupee investment in both the tehsils of Udaipur district was highest in FS-IV (C+D+G+V) and On per hectare basis employment generated in Girwa tehsil was minimum in FS-III (225 man days) and maximum in FS-II (250 man days). In Gorgunda tehsil lowest employment was generated in FS-III (C+D+V) (250 man days) and in highest FS-IV (350 man days).
Title: Prenatal Development of the Lingual Intrinsic Skeletal Musculature, Lingual and Von Ebners Glands of the Tongue in Goat Foetii (Capra hircus)
Abstract :
The present study conducted on the tongue of 18 goat foetii revealed that the differentiation of skeletal muscle was first noticed among the mesenchymal cells at 40 days of foetal age (CRL = 3. 40 cm). These were better differentiated at 62 days of gestational age (CRL=10.0cm) and showed continued gradual development with advancing foetal age. The typical cross striations in the lingual intrinsic skeletal muscles was first observed at 121days of foetal age (CRL = 27.50cm). The first appearance of lingual gland in the tongue of the goat foetii was observed at 62 days of gestation (CRL = 10.10 cm) and the first indication of appearance of Von- Ebner’s gland was observed in the tongue of goat foetii at 120 days ( CRL= 31.1 cm).
Title: Effect of Different Doses of Poultry Manure and Cow Dung on the Growth of Indian Major Carp, Catla catla
Abstract :
In view of the beneficial and some harmful impacts of use of livestock manure in fish farming, the present experiment was designed to assess the growth of Catla catla under the influence of low, medium and high doses of cow dung and poultry manure. Experimental water in tubs were treated with low (TC1)@ 10,000kg/
ha, medium (TC2) @ 15,000kg/ha and high (TC3) @ 20,000 kg/ha doses of cow dung and also with low (TP1) @ 8,000kg/ha, medium (TP2) @ 10,000kg/ha and high (TP3) @ 12,000 kg/ha doses of poultry litter, respectively along with control (T0). The control were maintained on conventional feed without nutrient input. Recording
of length and weight to know specific growth rate (SGR) and condition factor (CF) was done initially and after 60 days at the end of the experiment. Fish were also observed for mortality throughout the experiment to calculate the survival rate. The treatment with poultry manure and cow dung caused significant change (P<0.05) in length when compared to T0. Maximum increase in length of fish was observed in TC1 and TP2 throughout the experiment period. While in TC3, no growth was recorded till the end of experiment. Maximum weight gain was also observed in TC1. Highest values of SGR% and CF were seen in TC1. Maximum survival rate (%) was recorded in T0 and TC2 followed by TC1.
Title: Analysis of Socio-economic Characteristic of SHG (Self-Help Group) of Women Associated With Dairy Farming
Abstract :
SHG empowered the rural women socially, economically and politically and thus overall development of women and reduction of poverty in the nation. Micro- enterprise establishment for economic empowerment is one of the major objectives of SHG movement. More than 400 SHG have formed in the Udhampur district by various govt. agencies and NGOs. Out of these, 10 SHG villages were selected through simple random sampling and 15 women who were associated with dairy farming selected and thus forming a sample of 150 respondents. The study revealed that the majority of SHGs women associated with dairy were of middle age group, having 3to 5 milch animals, smaller family size, middle level of annual income( 50001 to 100000) and having cemented pucca house. Besides it was also observed that majority of respondents were lack of mass media exposure towards processing activities and farmer women were having medium level of change proneness, economic motivation and risk taking capacity.
Title: Effects of Garlic (Allium sativum) Supplementation on Growth Performance, Carcass Characteristics and Economics of Broilers
Abstract :
One hundred and eighty (n=180) day old white commercial broiler chicks (Cobb 400) were randomly divided into three groups to study the effects of garlic supplementation on growth performance. Dietary treatments were control (T1- basal diet only), garlic powder supplemented at 0.1% (T2) and 0.5 % (T3). Daily feed intake, weekly body weight and residue left any were recorded to calculate the feed conversion ratio. At the end of experiment six birds from each group were sacrificed to determine the carcass characteristics. Results revealed that dietary supplementation of 0.1% garlic powder (T2) significantly (P<0.01) improved body weight, body weight gain, feed intake and FCR as compared to birds supplemented with 0.5 % garlic powder (T3) and control (T1). Dietary supplementation of 0.1% garlic (T2) resulted in significant (P<0.05) improvement in dressed yield as compared to T3 and T1. On the other hand, comparable (P>0.05) effect was observed on shrinkage loss, blood loss, feather loss, eviscerated yield and relative weight of giblet. Mortality (%) in T1, T2 and T3 was 3.33,
0.00 and 1.67, respectively. Total feed cost, total cost/kg live weight and total cost/kg meat was reduced (P<0.05) in 0.1% garlic (T2) as compared to 0.5 % garlic (T3) supplemented birds or control (T1). Thus, dietary supplementation of 0.1 % garlic had beneficial effect on growth performance, dressed yield and cost of production.
Title: Physicochemical Analysis and Sensory Evaluation of Kheer Fortified with Carrot Shreds
Abstract :
The study was aimed at evaluating the characteristics of kheer fortified with carrot shreds. Four samples of milk and carrot shreds blends viz. T1 (90:10), T2 (85:15), T3 (80:20), T4( 75:25) was prepared with sugar at the rate of 8% and cardamom at the rate of 0.2%. The physiochemical composition of carrot kheer was affected by levels of carrot shreds in the kheer, moisture, fat and protein content decreased with increase in the amount of carrot shreds while that of total solids and ash content increased. The present investigation shows that the carrot kheer prepared with 15% carrot shreds in treatment T2 showed maximum sensory score. The cost of production of highly acceptable carrot kheer was ` 108.5 per kg.
Title: Effect of Thermal Stress on Haematological Parameters and Enzymatic Activities in Two Breeds of Goat after Thermal Stress
Abstract :
The influence of thermal stress (heat and cold stress) on haematological parameters and some enzyme activities were studied in Beetal and Toggenberg goats. A total of 36 healthy adult (2-4 years of age) female Beetal and Toggenberg goats were selected. Blood samples were collected and analyzed for haemoglobin (Hb), packed cell volume (PCV), erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), AST (aspartate aminotransferase), ALT (alanine aminotransferase) and ALP (alkaline phosphatase) activities. Haemoglobin concentrations were found significantly higher (P<0.01) in all seasons, whereas, significantly higher (P<0.01) PCV was found in summer and autumn; ESR in summer season only in Toggenberg as compared to those of Beetal goat. In between three different seasons, irrespective of breed, haemoglobin, packed cell volume and ESR (erythrocyte sedimentation rate) values were significantly higher (P<0.01) in summer followed by autumn and winter season whereas alanine aminotransferase (ALT) activity was significantly higher (P<0.01) in winter than those of other two seasons. In between the breeds, significantly higher (P<0.01) enzyme activities (AST, ALT and ALP) were found in Toggenberg goats in all seasons as compared to Beetal. When the aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) values were considered separat ly in Beetal and Toggenberg goats in different seasons, significantly higher (P<0.01) activities were found in summer followed by autumn than those of
winter season in both the breeds.
Title: Prevalence of Arthropods Intermediate Host Infected with Parasitic Larval Stage in and Around Ranchi
Abstract :
The study was conducted to find out the prevalence of different arthropod intermediate hosts infected with different parasitic larval stages in and around Ranchi. A total of eighteen hundred different arthropods intermediate host viz., Ticks, Mites, and Ants (600 each) were examined microscopically to find out the prevalence of parasitic stage of different parasite. 3.17 % ticks were found infected with different parasites, out of which 2.29% Hyalomma and 4.40% Boophiluswere found harbouring parasites. Amongst oribatid mites,
overall prevalence was found to be 2.83 %.with the percentage of infection in Oppiaspp .and Mesostigmata oribitid mites were 2.52% and 4.07% respectively. Amongst ants, 26 (4.33%) were found infected with parasitic larval stage. The percentage of infection in Camponotus compressusand Myrmicaria brunnea ants were
5.79% and 4.97% respectively.
Title: Effect of Exogenous Thyroxine Supplementation to Reduce the Incidence of Hypothermia in Dairy Calves
Abstract :
Higher serum lipids concentration in blood is the major cause of hypothermia due to lesser utilization of lipids by the buffalo calves for generation of body heat (thermogenesis). A study of effect of exogenous thyroxine supplementation on hormonal status in murrah buffalo and crossbreed cow calves has been evaluated. The
study was conducted on 12 healthy buffalo calves and 12 cow calves at Livestock Farm (calf unit), Adhartal, N.D.V.S.U., Jabalpur, Madhya Pradesh. Oral supplementation of thyroxine (0.167 mg/kg body weight), in powder form mixed along with 5 gram jaggery on 15 day interval starting from age of 16-days, 31-days and 46- days. The findings lead to these conclusions that thyroxine supplementation was found mobilisation of lipids nd high density lipoprotein cholesterol for heat production to maintain homeostasis. The increased thyroxine level in buffalo calves helped to maintain their body temperature and increased basal metabolic rate, thus
helped in their survival and reduced mortality.
Title: Real Time Ultrasonography for Determining Viable Foetal Numbers in Goats
Abstract :
Twenty-five (25) does in dorsal recumbency were scanned by 3.5 MHz transabdominal sector transducer. Each doe was scanned separately by tilting the doe in right and left side. All the animals were scanned twice between 37-119 days post breeding. One goat showed foetal resorption on its second scan so only 24 goats were considered for calculation of litter size. There was non-significant difference (P = 0.7427, t 0.01 =0.332) between actual and sonographically observed values of litter size and the correlation coefficient between the two was 0.725 (P< 0.01) which is positive and highly significant. The accuracy of detecting single fetus was
83.33% (10/12); twins was 80% (8/10) and triplets was 50% (1/2). In total 37 kids were born viz 12 singles, 11 twins and 1 triplet to 24 goats. The average actual litter size of goats was 1.54±0.120 kids while as by ultrasound it was 1.6 ± 0.129. It was concluded that real-time transabdominal ultrasonography is accurate and practical method for predicting foetal numbers and foetal viability in goats.
Title: Shelf-Life of Developed Instant Idli Mixes Incorporated with Chicken Meat Powder
Abstract :
A study was conducted to evaluate the shelf life of developed instant rice idli mix incorporated with 20% chicken meat powder (CMP) and instant semolina idli mix incorporated with 30% CMP under laboratory conditions. The control sample of rice idli mix was prepared using rice grit, salt, spice mix, sodium bicarbonate, citric acid, sodium carbonate and dry curry leaves and the control semolina idli mix was prepared by replacing the rice grit with semolina. The products were packed in low density polyethene bags and stored at an ambient temperature (30±2oC) for 90 days and samples were drawn at an interval of 0, 15th, 30th, 60th and
90th day to assess their shelf life. TBA values of CMP incorporated idli mixes were higher than their controls during storage. Moreover, TBA and pH values increased in all idli mixes during storage up to 90 days at an ambient temperature (30±2oC). The reconstituted idlies had desirable organoleptic properties as indicated by the taste panel studies. It is concluded that the rice idli mix incorporated with 20% CMP and semolina idli mix incorporated with 30% CMP could be stored for 60 days and 90 days, respectively, without any significant deterioration in microbiological quality and with acceptable sensory attributes.
Title: Structure and Quality of Low Value Carabeef Sausages at Frozen Storage
Abstract :
The objective of this study was to assess the effect of different binders like wheat flour, soy flour), whole egg and liquid whey under packaging methods like Aerobic and Vacuum packaging on the structure, physico-chemical, microbial and sensory qualities of low value meat incorporated buffalo meat sausages under frozen storage (–18oC). Sausages incorporated with LW had better organoleptic qualities and good shelf life However, those incorporated with WF had the best structural properties and acceptability even under ordinary packaging method. With respect to packaging methods, aerobically packed sausages revealed lowest shear force values, total viable count and anaerobic count. Sausages packed under vacuum recorded the highest pH, odour,
appearance, juiciness, tenderness and overall acceptability scores, lowest Thiobarbituric Acid Number and yeast and mould count.
Title: Effect of Storage Temperature and Packaging Material on the Quality of Kashmiri Fireen
Abstract :
Kashmiri Fireenis a cereal based Indian dairy product, very popular in Kashmir region of the country. Kashmiri Fireen was prepared from milk, wheat semolina and sugar as per pre- standardized method and packed in three different packaging materials and stored at refrigerated (4 ± 1oC) and ambient (25 ± 1oC) temperature for a period of 20 days. The product was subjected to the microbiological study and sensory evaluation at regular intervals of 5 days for determination of its storage stability. Significant variations were noticed during refrigerated storage as well as at ambient temperature in the sensory and microbiological quality of Kashmiri
Fireen. The product exhibited progressive increase in microbial growth in terms of standard plate count, yeast and mold count and coliform count. It was observed that the product packed in aluminium foil with low density polyethylene (LDPE) laminates showed best results in terms of preservation for 20 days. The sensorial acceptability and microbiological quality of the product remained good and within the prescribed acceptability limits for 20 days at refrigerated temperature and 10 days at ambient temperature while using aluminium foil with low density polyethylene (LDPE) laminates as packaging material. The study revealed that packaging of Kashmiri Fireen in aluminium foil with low density polyethylene (LDPE) laminates combined with its storage at refrigerated (4 ± 1oC) temperature enabled prolonged preservation of the product for 20 days.
Title: Morphological Traits of Pubertal and Pregnant Frieswal Heifers Under Field Conditions
Abstract :
Present study was conducted in U. S. Nagar district of Uttarakhand on 131 Frieswal heifers reared by 127 farmers under 5 AI centres to study the farmers profile and factors affecting on morphological traits of Frieswal heifers. Data on socioeconomic characteristics were collected from the farmers using questionnaire. Body measurements were taken when the animal was standing comfortably and evenly on her feet on hard plain ground. Maximum of the respondents were educated (73.23 %), owned small herd size of 3AUE (44.09 %), possessed up to 5 acres land (44.09 %) and very few (23.62 %) were landless. Least-squares means (cm) of 47 pubertal and 62 pregnant heifers were 118.7 ± 1.7 and 134.1 ± 1.9 for BL, 114.5 ± 1.3 and 121.3 ± 1.2 for HAW, 143.1 ± 2.3 and 162.7 ± 2.4 for CG, 150.9 ± 3.0 and 173.5 ± 3.0 for PG, 41.0 ± 0.9 and 43.8 ± 0.9 for FL, 29.7 ± 0.9 and 31.7 ± 0.9 for FW, 17.4 ± 0.3 and 19.1 ± 0.4 for EPL, 67.3 ± 1.2 and 70.3 ± 1.1 for HE, 33.6 ± 0.8 and 37.3 ± 1.2 for HK, 109.1 ± 1.2 and 115.0 ± 1.2 for HPB, 112.6 ± 1.4 and 119.6 ± 1.1 for HHB, 3.08 ± 0.07 and 3.83 ± 0.07 m2 for BSA, 5.15 ± 0.23 and 5.62 ± 0.24 mm for SFT and 227.0 ± 9.3 and 331.7 ± 10.9 kg for EBW, respectively. Land holding had significant effect on HAW, HE and HK in pubertal heifers. Whereas, stage of gestation had significant effect on BSA, SFT and EBW in pregnant heifers.
Title: Effect of Ovsynch Estrus Synchronization Protocol on Certain Mineral Profile of Cyclic Murrah Buffaloes in Summer and Winter Season
Abstract :
The present study aimed to investigate the effect of Ovsynch estrus synchronization protocol on plasma Zn, Cu, Ca and P levels in cyclic Murrah buffaloes during summer and winter season. The buffaloes were categorized in to two groups: 1) summer (n = 20) and, 2) winter (n = 18). Estrus cycle of buffaloes were synchronized with Ovsynch protocol (Pursley et al. 1995) as per standard procedure followed by artificial insemination (AI) at 8 and 24hrs after second GnRH treatment. The blood samples were collected on the day of start of protocol (d0) and day of AI (dAI) for the estimation of minerals concentration. The pregnancy was confirmed through
sonography on day 45 post-AI. Levels of Zn were lower (P<0.05) in summer as compared to winter season (1.0 ± 0.1 vs. 1.5 ± 0.1 and 1.3 ± 0.1 vs. 1.9 ± 0.1 ppm, respectively) whereas Cu, Ca and P levels showed no seasonal variation. Pregnant and Non-pregnant buffaloes had significant lower (P<0.05) concentration of Zn on d0 and AI in summer as compared to winter season (0.9 ± 0.1 vs 1.6 ± 0.2 and 1.2 ± 0.2 vs. 1.7 ± 0.1ppm, respectively and1.1 ± 0.1 vs. 1.5 ± 0.1 ; 1.3 ± 0.1 vs. 1.6 ± 0.1 ppm, respectively). The pregnant and non-pregnant buffaloes exhibited similar mineral profiles in both seasons. In conclusion, plasma mineral concentrations remain lower during summer as compared to winter season in buffaloes that could be responsible for lower fertility in summer.

 

Title: Factors Influencing Early Layer Economic Traits in Rhode Island Red Chick
Abstract :
Rhode Island Red (RIR) chicken is a brown-egger chicken. At Central Avian Research Institute, it is being used to develop strains viz. selected (RIRS) control (RIRC) and white (RIRW) for backyard poultry farming. Investigation was carried out to assess the influence of various factors on early layer economic traits in Rhode Island Red
chicken. Two hundred eighty six straight run chicks were obtained from 11 sires and 44 dams in four hatches. Early layer production traits viz., chick weight (CW), body weights at 16 and 20 weeks of age (BW16 and BW20), age at first egg (AFE), egg weight at 28 weeks (EW28) and part period egg production up to 28 weeks of
age (EP28)were recorded. Percent fertility and percent hatchability on total egg set and total egg transferred basis were 76.98, 61.44 and 79.85%, respectively. Least squares ANOVA revealed highly significant effect ( p<0.01) of hatch on BW20, EP28 and effect of sire on chick weight and significant effect of sire ( p<0.05) on BW16. The overall least squares means of CW, BW16, BW20, AFE, EW28 and EP28 were 34.50±0.47g, 1294.27±24.38g, 1562.32±25.65g, 136.79±1.52 days, 43.52± 0.76 g and 31.54±1.68 eggs, respectively. The pullets of first hatch revealed highest BW20 (1732.76±43.70 g) and EP28 (42.85±2.55 eggs). Present investigation revealed influence of sire and hatch on early layer economic traits and thereby suggested consideration of their role in planning breeding programmes for improvement of layers for economic traits in RIR.
Title: Preparation and Functional Characterization of Decellularized Bovine Tendon Scaffolds for Tendon Tissue Engineering
Abstract :
The study was conducted to develop a naturally derived tendon tissue engineered scaffold with the preservation of the native ultra-structure, tensile strength and biochemical composition of the tendon extracellular matrix. Decellularization was achieved by using two different protocols viz. repeated freeze and thaw technique and
2% SDS. In vitro evaluation of the graft was done by H&E staining, Masson-Trichome staining, Alcian blue staining, DNA quantification analysis and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). The in vitro evaluation suggested that SDS was better than freeze and thaw technique in terms of effective decellularization. The cell removal was better in SDS group than freeze and thaw as depicted by H&E staining and DNA quantification. Also the structure and alignment of collagen fibers were preserved in SDS group. The intrinsic ultra structure of tendon tissue was well preserved based on scanning electron microscopy examination.
Title: Surgical Management of Ruminal Impaction due to Indigestible Foreign Bodies in Cattle
Abstract :
A Nine year old cow was presented with the history of chronic recurrent tympany for the last 2 months. On rectal examination, foreign materials were palpated inside the rumen. Rumenotomy through le flank
approach using paravertebral nerve block was done. Around 10 kg of foreign materials were removed and the animal regained normalcy successfully.
Title: Factors Determine the Use of Indigenous Technical Knowledge by Dairy Farmers of Kathua, J&K in Animal Husbandry Practices
Abstract :
The present study was undertaken purposively in Kathua district of J&K to identify and prioritize the factors determining the use of Indigenous Technical Knowledge (ITKs) by dairy farmers in animal husbandry practices. 120 dairy farmers from six villages of three blocks of kathua district (Hiranagar, Billawar and Barnoti) were selected as respondents who had at least one milch animal and those practicing ITKs at the time of investigation. The results of the study revealed that “locally and easily available medicinal plants”
was the most important perceived factor followed by “farmers having deep knowledge of ITK”. In addition “distant location of Veterinary hospital, non availability and high cost of Veterinary medicines” was perceived as the third most important factor that determine the use of ITKs by the dairy farmers in maintaining animal health. Easy availability of indigenous plants, deep knowledge and trust regarding ITK were the main factors that determine the use of ITKs by the dairy farmers.The reason for adoption of ITKs may be due to the fact that it suits their beliefs, habits and traditional values and can be performed using available resources.
Title: Effect of Solid State Fermentation (SSF) Biomass Supplementation on Growth Performance of Kid
Abstract :
Present study was carried out to study the eff ect of solid state fermentation (SSF) biomass on growth performance of Surti growing kids. Fourteen kids (4-7 months age) weighing around 9 kg, were randomly divided in two groups of 7 each. All the kids were fed rations containing 50 % jowar straw and 50% compound concentrate mixture. Animal of group 1 served as control and were off ered TMR (total mixed ration) without biomass, while animals of another group were off ered solid state fermentation (SSF) biomass @ 4% in the TMR, All the experimental kids were weighed at weekly intervals and body measurements (height at wither, body length and heart girth) were taken fortnightly in the morning for two consecutive days before feeding and watering for the entire experimental period of 90 days. Average total gain (ATG) during 90 days experimental period was 4.47 and 5.23 kg with average daily gain (ADG) of 46.53 and 54.42 g in control and treatment groups respectively. The results revealed an improvement of about 17% in average daily gain though remained statistically similar between the two groups.
Title: Seroprevalence of Bluetongue Virus in Small Ruminants of Krishna District, Andhra Pradesh, India by Competitive ELISA
Abstract :
Bluetongue is an infectious, noncontagious, vector borne viral disease causing heavy morbidity and mortality. Disease is prominent in sheep with apparent clinical signs while goats and bovines may serve as reservoir hosts. Most of the times fi eld veterinarians diagnose bluetongue based on clinical signs only. The serological tests like competitive ELISA (c- ELISA) are helpful in diagnosis and prevalence studies of bluetongue. Serosurveillance of bluetongue virus in sheep (n=350) and goat (n=100) of Krishna district (AP) was conducted
using commercially available c-ELISA kit. The results revealed that among 450 serum samples, 62.66% (63.71% in sheep and 59% in goat) were detected positive for bluetongue virus antibodies.
Title: Inuence of Non-Genetic Factors on Birth Weight of Tellicherry Kids Reared under Intensive Goat Farming in Tamil Nadu
Abstract :
A study was conducted in sixty numbers of tellicherry kids at a well managed private farm, Chennai in 2014. The factors assessed were sex of the kid, type of birth (single, twin and triplet), age of the doe and weight of the doe at the time of kidding. Statistical analysis was performed using SAS statistical package program (SAS, 1998). Diff erence between two means was evaluated using Duncan’s Multiple Range Test. The overall least squares mean of birth weight and type of birth in Tellicherry goats was 1.95±0.08 and 2.27±0.09 respectively. Our fi ndings revealed that type of birth, sex of the kids and age and weight of the doe exerted a significant effect (P<0.001) on birth weight of kids. It was concluded that farmers should consider the age as well as weight of the dam before breeding for be er birth weight of kids.
Title: Punyakoti Test: A Seed Germination Inhibition Test for Early Pregnancy Diagnosis in Graded Murrah Buffaloes
Abstract :
A simple non- invasive technique which was developed on the basis of ancient Egyptian knowledge called as Punyakoti test (Veena, 1997) was used to detect early pregnancy at day 26 post insemination. The present study was carried out to evaluate the accuracy of Punyakoti test, a seed germination inhibition test for early pregnancy diagnosis in graded Murrah buff aloes. The urine samples were collected from 20 buff aloes early in the morning on day 26 post insemination and were subjected to pregnancy diagnosis using this test. Urine was diluted with distilled water in sterile petri dish in the ratio of 1:14 and 15 good quality wheat seeds were added to each petri dish. A signifi cant inhibition of seed germination a er 48hrs and shoot length a er 5 days was taken as criteria for declaring true pregnancy and confi rmation of pregnancy was done by rectal palpation on days 45-60 post insemination. A significant difference (P<0.05) was noticed between pregnant
and non-pregnant buffaloes regarding germination inhibition percentage and shoot length (cm) which was recorded as 70.66 ±1.63; 3.33 ± 0.074 and 45.99 ± 1.84 ; 5.44 ± 0.17, respectively. This test was 66.66 per cent accurate in diagnosing pregnancy but 90.90 per cent accurate in diagnosing non-pregnant animals.
Title: Status of FecB Gene Mutation in Dorper Sheep from Jammu
Abstract :
The present study was carried out to explore polymorphism in exon-8 of FecB gene using PCR-RFLP technique in Dorper sheep. Animals maintained at Government Sheep Breeding Farm, Panthal, Jammu were studied. Genomic DNA was extracted from blood samples using Phenol-Chloroform-Isoamyl method. The PCR product of 140 bp was amplified using reported primers (part of exon-8 of FecB gene). PCR products was digested for the presence of FecB mutation using AvaІІ restriction enzyme. The studied samples were monomorphic and were having only one genotype (FecB++). Our study reveals that Dorper sheep population in the present study is homozygous and non-carrier of FecB mutation.