Chickpea is one of the important crop among pulses. It is important proteinaceous diet especially for vegetarian people. The total sample comprising of 120 chickpea growers as respondents from four villages in Tosham and Siwani block of Bhiwani district were selected. The data shows that majority of respondents used HC-3 variety (47 %) followed by C-235 (41.67 %) and HC-5 (33.33%). Maximum respondents (98 %) had high level of adoption followed by 68.00 per cent respondents had low level of adoption in seed rate. Majority of respondents (96.66 %) had high level of adoption followed by 95.00 per cent had medium level of adoption and 91.66 per cent had low level of adoption regarding field preparation. Maximum respondents (97 %) had high level of adoption followed by 92.33 per cent had medium level of adoption and 33.33 per cent had low level of adoption in case of sowing time. Most of the respondents (69.33 %) applied Di-ammonium phosphate as fertilizer followed by urea (66.66 %), single super phosphate (36%) and zinc sulphate (33.33 %), respectively. Majority of respondents (67.33 %) applied irrigation before flowering (45-60 days after sowing) followed by (33.33 %) respondents applied irrigation at pod formation stage and 33.33 per cent adopted seed treatment with Bavistin or
The main focus of study is to find out adoption of improved chickpea production technology.
Chickpea (
Madhya Pradesh, Rajasthan, Maharashtra, Uttar Pradesh, Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka, Chhattisgarh, Bihar and Jharkhand are major chickpea producing states contributing more than 95 per cent to the total chickpea production. Madhya Pradesh is the single largest producer in the country accounting for over 40 per cent of total production while Rajasthan, Maharashtra, Uttar pradesh and Andhra pradesh contribute about 14 per cent, 10 per cent, 9 per cent and 7 per cent, respectively.
It was observed that the productivity of chickpea was found low in comparison to their potential yield in existing area. It showed improvement in chickpea production was needed through conservation, diversification of agriculture and to enhance adoption level of improved chickpea production technology. So as to increase the productivity, particularly under rainfed chickpea growing regions was one of the major challenges and concern which need to be addressed on priority basis. A need has been felt to identify the gap in technology adoption in pulse crops so that appropriate measure can be taken to emphasize the adoption of improved technology, which will ultimately lead to increased productivity and production. Keeping these things in mind, the objectives of study was undertaken to know the personal profile of chickpea growers and to find out the adoption level of improved chickpea production technology.
The study was conducted in Bhiwani district of Haryana. Two blocks Tosham and Siwani were selected from Bhiwani district. Two villages were randomly selected from each block. Thus, total number of four villages were selected, namely, Khanak and Kirawar from Tosham, and Gaindawas and Barwa from Siwani. From each village, 30 farmers were selected randomly. Thus, the total numbers of 120 farmers were interviewed. The data collected were tabulated and analyzed. The appropriate statistical tools i.e. percentage, total weighted score, mean score, rank order were used. Rank order was calculated by aggregate total score were calculated based on calculated score. A weighted mean score was obtained and the maximum weighted mean score so obtained were given the rank 1st and the next subsequent one was given 2nd and so on the descending orders.
Adoption is operationally defined as degree of actual use of improved cultivation practices by Gram growers. It was measured on three point continuum as fully adopted, partially adopted and somewhat adopted by assigning the score of 3, 2 and 1, respectively. The adoption score was then converted into adoption index by applying following formula:
Later on respondents were categorized as fully adopted, partially adopted and somewhat adopted, respectively.
The collected information was analyzed for ascertaining level of adoption of recommended technology in chickpea cultivation.
The data reported in
Sl. No. |
Variable (s) |
Category |
Number |
Percentage |
||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 |
Age |
Young (20-35 years) |
29 |
24.16 |
||||||||||||
Middle(36-50 years) |
49 |
40.83 |
||||||||||||||
Old (above 50 years) |
42 |
35.00 |
||||||||||||||
2 |
Education |
Illiterate |
05 |
04.16 |
||||||||||||
Primary |
13 |
10.83 |
||||||||||||||
Middle |
31 |
25.83 |
||||||||||||||
Metric |
47 |
39.16 |
||||||||||||||
Higher secondary |
17 |
14.16 |
||||||||||||||
Graduate |
07 |
05.83 |
||||||||||||||
Post graduate |
00 |
0.00 |
||||||||||||||
3 |
Caste |
General |
26 |
21.66 |
||||||||||||
OBC |
64 |
53.33 |
||||||||||||||
SC |
30 |
25.00 |
||||||||||||||
4 |
Family type |
Nuclear |
76 |
63.33 |
||||||||||||
Joint |
44 |
36.66 |
||||||||||||||
5 |
Family size |
Small (up to 4 members) |
40 |
33.00 |
||||||||||||
Medium (5 to 6 members) |
52 |
43.33 |
||||||||||||||
Large (7 members and above) |
28 |
23.33 |
||||||||||||||
6 |
Occupation |
Only farming |
70 |
58.33 |
||||||||||||
Business/Job and farming |
50 |
41.66 |
||||||||||||||
7 |
Land holding |
Landless |
00 |
00.00 |
||||||||||||
Less than 1 acre |
09 |
07.50 |
||||||||||||||
Above 1 and up to 5 acres |
50 |
41.66 |
||||||||||||||
Above 5 and up to 10 acres |
29 |
24.16 |
||||||||||||||
Above 10 to 15 acres |
14 |
11.66 |
||||||||||||||
Above 15 acres |
18 |
15.00 |
The data presented in
Sl. No. |
Farm implements |
Frequency |
Percentage |
---|---|---|---|
1 |
Tractor |
80 |
66.60 |
2 |
Harrow |
73 |
60.83 |
3 |
Cultivator |
70 |
58.33 |
4 |
Seed cum fertilizer drill |
03 |
02.50 |
5 |
Laser land leveler |
00 |
00.00 |
6 |
Combined machine |
00 |
00.00 |
7 |
Puddler |
00 |
00.00 |
8 |
Rotavator |
00 |
00.00 |
9 |
Plough |
120 |
100.00 |
10 |
Wooden planker |
120 |
100.00 |
11 |
Spade |
120 |
100.00 |
12 |
Hand hoe |
120 |
100.00 |
13 |
Sprayer |
75 |
62.50 |
*
The data presented in
Sl. No. |
Cropping system |
Frequency |
Percentage |
---|---|---|---|
1 |
Monocropping |
18 |
15.00 |
2 |
Intercropping |
02 |
01.66 |
3 |
Double cropping |
100 |
83.33 |
The data mentioned in
Sl. No. |
Frequency |
Percentage |
||
---|---|---|---|---|
1 |
Pearl millet |
Chick pea |
103 |
85.83 |
2 |
Maize |
Chick pea |
00 |
00.00 |
3 |
Sorghum |
Chick pea |
07 |
05.83 |
4 |
Cotton |
Chick pea |
10 |
08.33 |
The sources of irrigation and assured irrigation are one of the most important factors for agriculture. It can be observed that farmers were having tube wells; canal and submersible pump for irrigation, which is, own and hired.
Sl. No. |
Modes of irrigation |
Frequency |
Percentage |
---|---|---|---|
1 |
Submersible pump |
06 |
05.00 |
2 |
Tube Well (own) |
18 |
15.00 |
3 |
Tube Well (hire basis) |
52 |
43.33 |
4 |
Canal |
44 |
36.66 |
It is clear from
The data in
This section comprises of contact of farmers with various extension officials and the frequency of their contact. Various extension officials with whom the farmers had contacts are enlisted in the
The data depicted in
It is evident from the
In case of seed rate, 98.00 per cent respondents had high level of adoption followed by 68.00 per cent respondents had low level of adoption.
With regard to seed treatment/ use of Rhizobium culture were found that majority of respondents had 33.30 per cent level of adoption at the time of investigation.
(
It was observed in preparatory tillage that 96.66 per cent respondents had high level of adoption followed by 95.00 per cent had medium level of adoption and 91.66 per cent had low level of adoption. Regarding sowing time 97.00 per cent respondents had high level of adoption followed by 92.33 per cent had medium level of adoption and 33.33 per cent had low level of adoption. In case of sowing method, 75.66 per cent respondent had high level of adoption followed by 71.00 per cent had low level of adoption. Regarding manures and fertilizers, 69.33 per cent respondents applied Di-ammonium phosphate as fertilizer followed by 66.66 per cent urea, 36.00 per cent single super phosphate and 33.33 per cent zinc sulphate. With regard to irrigation requirement, it was cleared that 67.33 per cent respondents applied irrigation before flowering (45-60 days after sowing) followed by 33.33 per cent respondents applied irrigation at pod formation stage. It was observed in weed control that 98.66 per cent respondents done weeding at 25-30 days after sowing followed by 48 per cent respondents done weeding at 45-50 days after sowing. In case of chemical disease control, 33.33 per cent respondents had adopted chemical control of wilt. Regarding cultural control, 33.33 per cent respondents had adopted cultural control of diseases (Ascochyta blight, Alternaria blight and Grey mould).
In case of chemical insect- pest control, 59.66 per cent respondents had adopted control measure of gram pod borer followed by 33.33 per cent respondents had adopted control measure of gram dhora. It was observed in weed control that 98.66 per cent respondents done weeding at 25-30 days after sowing followed by 48 per cent respondents done weeding at 45-50 days after sowing. In case of chemical disease control, 33.33 per cent respondents had adopted chemical control of wilt. Regarding cultural control, 33.33 per cent respondents had adopted cultural control of diseases (Ascochyta blight, Alternaria blight and Grey mould). In case of chemical insect- pest control, 59.66 per cent respondents had adopted control measure of gram pod borer followed by 33.33 per cent respondents had adopted control measure of gram dhora.
The maximum adoption level was reported in adoption of exact seed rate, preparatory tillage, sowing time and weed control. This was followed by practice like ‘method of sowing’, ‘application of manures and fertilizers’, ‘irrigation requirement’, ‘chemical insect-pest control’ and ‘adoption of improved varieties of chickpea’. While practice like ‘seed treatment’, ‘cultural control’, ‘chemical disease control’ were having less adoption level by the respondents.