Vegetables are important constituents of Indian agriculture and nutritional security. Along with health benefits, vegetables help in flourishing countries economy, as it provides a great opportunity for income and employment generation for the farming sector. The study has an objective to understand the extent of growth each vegetable experiencing and to derive the major factor for the growth in Karnataka, utilizing time-series data. The total area showed an increasing trend over the period with about 40 % increase in a span of two decades. However, figures for increased production were more appealing than its area, as it has shown 60 % increase. Total production of vegetables in Karnataka has increased from 42 lakh tonnes in 1998-99 to 68 lakh tonnes in 2018-19, with an annual growth rate of 3.9 %. The highest growth in production was observed in onion (7.5% annually) followed by tomato and cole crops. The area effect was the most responsible factor for increasing production of tomato, onion, guards, cole crops and other vegetables group. Thus, in effect for overall vegetables, it is 66 % of the total increased production effect. However, for potato and leafy vegetables, only yield effect was found to be positively contributing to the production.
Escalation in vegetable production is majorly contributed by increased in its area rather than increase in yield.
Vegetables are important constituents of Indian agriculture and nutritional security due to their short duration, high yield and value, nutritional richness, economic viability and ability to generate on-farm and off-farm employment. Post green revolution, substantial growth in the country’s vegetable production was observed. Growth of area under vegetables in India was reported to be negative during 1991-92 to 1995-96, but it has increased to 4.13 % for period between 2001-02 to 2005-06 (
In the present study, compound growth rates of area, production and yield for vegetables/ vegetable groups were estimated to study the growth in area, production and yield of these crops. However, compound growth rates were used for the study. Compound growth rates were estimated with the following exponential model.
To measure the relative contribution of area and yield to the total output change for the major crops, the decomposition analysis model as given below is used.
Where,
From equation (
Hence,
Production = Yield effect + area effect + interaction effect
Thus, the total change in production can be decomposed into three components viz., yield effect, area effect and the interaction effect due to change in yield and area.
Area, production and yield of vegetables in Karnataka from 1998-99 to 2017-18 have been presented in
Area under production of vegetables in Karnataka
Production of vegetables in Karnataka
Area, production and yield of vegetables in Karnataka
Productivity of vegetables in Karnataka (MT/ha)
Decomposition analysis of production effect of vegetables in Karnataka between 1998 and 2017
Area under vegetables for periods between 1998-99 to 2017-18 is depicted in
Total production of vegetables in Karnataka has increased from 42 lakh tonnes in 1998-99 to 68 lakh tonnes in 2018-19, with an annual growth rate of 3.9 per cent (
The highest growth in production was observed in onion (7.5% per annum) followed by tomato, cole crops and gourds. Similar to the area trend, production share of potato and other vegetables group has fallen significantly, which could majorly attribute to the low profitability of such crops.
Yield per hectare of vegetables grown for three periods is presented in
Decomposition analysis of vegetable production in Karnataka
Relative contribution of components to aggregate growth of vegetable in Karnataka output was decomposed into yield effect, area effect and the interaction effect and it is presented in
Yield effect was found responsible for an increase in production of potato and leafy vegetables (362 % and 119 %, respectively). In neither of the vegetable’s interaction effect of area and yield has a major share in total production effect, representing a lack of synergies between them. After normalizing the components of total production effect to 100 per cent, individual effects are presented in
In conclusion, Majority of vegetables have witnessed positive growth both in area and production. The exceptions include potato and other vegetables group, potato had negative significant growth in area and other vegetables group had negative growth in both area and production. Decomposing the total production effect of vegetables revealed that positive area effect is more prominent than positive yield effect. Hence, increasing production in future should be aimed through improving productivity, as another option of area expansion has restrictions by the increased human dwelling and other economic development activities. Further it could also be achieved through vertical farming, which is popular for land productivity.