A vigilant study of the resource endowment conditions of farmers is a precondition for the appropriate design and successful implementation of the government’s programs. The study was conducted in Hamirpur district of Bundelkhand during 2019-20 to investigate the resource endowments and socioeconomic status of mustard grower farmers. Maudaha block of Hamirpur was selected, randomly. Primary data was collected from a sample of 120 respondents through structured questionnaire using a multistage sampling. The data indicated that out total respondent’s maximum were found illiterate, majority of farmers were having
Occupation distribution shows that maximum was having agriculture as an occupation (i.e. 66.67 per cent) while 33.33 per cent were doing labour work along with agriculture.
Number of holdings were found maximum under marginal farms category and average size holding per farm was found highest under large farms.
Cropping intensity of the region was found low because of not raising two or more crops in different season due to unexpected rainfall and due to lack of irrigation facilities.
Per farm availability of Cow and buffalo was found highest in Large farms and of Goat and Sheep was found highest in marginal farms.
Oilseed have been considered as one of the oldest cultivated plants in human civilization and an indispensable part of the Indian diet from time immemorial and ancient scriptures such as
The study was purposively confined to Bundelkhand region of Uttar Pradesh. There are 7 districts namely Banda, Mahoba, Chitrakoot, Jalaun, Jhansi, Lalitpur and Hamirpur comes under this region. Bundelkhand region is considered as a disadvantaged region so it was selected purposively along with reason that it comes under the operational area of our university. An appropriate sampling is essential for obtaining required information. For the selection of sample farmers, a multistage sampling procedure was adopted for the selection of districts, blocks, villages and farmers in the study area. As there are seven districts comes under Bundelkhand region. In the first stage, Hamirpur district was selected purposively for study on the basis of having higher production and area under mustard crop. There are seven blocks in Hamirpur namely- Kurara, Maudaha, Sumerpur, Sarila, Gohand and Rath, out of which, Maudaha block was selected purposively on the basis of higher production of the mustard crop.
The early history of the region covered by the present district of Hamirpur may be traced back to the Paleolithic age as evidenced by the discovery of choppers, hand axes and pebble cores. In the eleventh century, the town of Hamirpur was founded by one Hamira Deva, a Kalachuri Rajput. The remains of the fort built by Hamira Deva are still found in Hamirpur. The district is located on the right banks of the Yamuna river. It lies between Latitude 25.95 N and Longitude 80.15E.Hamirpur covers an area of 4121.9 km2. The district shares its boundary with districts Jalaun, Kanpur and Fatehpur in north, Mahoba in South, district of Jhansi and Jalaun on the west and Banda in east. Hamirpur is divided into 7 development blocks namely; (1) Gohand (2) Kurara (3) Maudaha (4) Muskara (5) Rath (6) Sarila and (7) Sumerpur. From the selected block four villages were selected randomly and from each village 30 respondents/ farmers have been selected randomly to make a sample of 120 farmer households.
Map of district Hamirpur, Uttar Pradesh
As a result of consistent growth in population, the pressure on land goes on increasing day by day and in turn reduces the per capita of both the total and the agriculture land. The land availability of Hamirpur district 0.35 hectare and net sown are a availability 0.23 hectare maximum area sown in Hamirpur is in Rabi season 58.38 percent followed by
Distribution of Mustard growers as per Socio economic status and agrarian structure in Maudaha block of Hamirpur district
Per farm availability of the buffalo is highest in large farms (3.71) followed by Medium farms (1.55), small farms (1.30) and marginal farms (0.90) respectively. On overall per farm basis Maudaha block have 7.5 buffaloes. On per hectare basis marginal farms have Medium farms (1.55), small farms (1.30) and marginal farms (0.90) respectively. On overall per farm basis Maudaha block have 7.5 buffaloes. On per hectare basis marginal farms have highest 1.26 buffaloes followed by small farms 0.89, medium farms 0.41 and large farms 0.35 cows respectively, overall 2.91 buffaloes were present on per hectare basis in Maudaha block.
Distribution of average size of land holding (ha) in Maudaha block of Hamirpur district
Distribution of cropping intensity in Maudaha block of the Hamirpur district
Distribution of Livestock in Maudaha block of the Hamirpur district
Distribution of Implements and Machinery in Maudaha block of the Hamirpur district
Per farm availability of the Goat is highest in marginal farms (1.36) followed by small farms (1.25), large farms (1.0) and medium farms (0.22) respectively. On overall per farm basis Maudaha block have 3.84 goats. On per hectare basis marginal farms have highest 1.82 goats followed by small farms 0.85, large farms 0.09 and medium farms 0.05 respectively, overall 2.81 goats were present on per hectare basis in Maudaha block.
Per farm availability of the sheep is highest in marginal farms (0.16) followed by small farms (0.11) respectively. On overall per farm basis Maudaha block have 0.38 sheep. On per hectare basis marginal farms have highest 0.21 sheep followed by small farms 0.07, and medium farms 0.02 sheep respectively, overall 0.3 sheep were present on per hectare basis in Maudaha block.
Per farm availability of the cultivator is highest in large farms (1.00) and per hectare in small farms (0.13). On overall per farm and per hectare basis Maudaha block have 0.34 and 0.07 cultivators, respectively.
Per farm availability of the Seed drill is highest in large farms (1.00) and per hectare availability was highest in small farms (0.25), respectively. On overall per farm and per hectare basis Maudaha block have 0.34 and 0.11 seed drills, respectively.
Likewise, per farm and per hectare availability of thresher is highest in large farms (1.00) and per hectare availability was highest in small farms (0.06). On overall per farm and per hectare basis Maudaha block have 0.33 and 0.06 cultivators, respectively.
In case of rotavator, mould board plough, harrow and chaff cutter, the same trend has been followed. Per farm and per hectare availability of these implements was found highest in large farms followed by small farms. However, in case of other small implements like spade, etc., it was found that per farm availability was highest in large farms (1.42) and per hectare availability was highest in marginal farms (1.60), respectively. Overall per farm and per hectare availability of other small farm implements were recorded as 1.20 and 0.69, respectively.
In the conducted study resource endowments analysis of Mustard growers was performed. Majority of the farmers were found illiterate or having secondary school level of education. Agriculture was found to be the major source of income for the farmers of Maudaha block and also provided a source of the dietary needs of the family. Average size holding per farm was found highest under large farms followed by medium and small farms. The cropping intensity of Hamirpur was found less than that of whole Bundelkhand region. In Bundelkhand region livestock population especially cattle seem to be a liability rather than an asset from a macro perspective that looks at long-term effects of environmental degradation. Although, considerable effort is made by state government to improve cross-bred cattle numbers, but it appears that state has not been able to make very negligible dent in Bundelkhand region. Over the years, farmers in the region have begun to prefer buffalo rearing although buffalo population in Bundelkhand region is about 5 percent of Uttar Pradesh buffalo population, but it is interesting to note that buffalo population is increasing in the region over the period. It is interesting to note that semi-intensive buffalo rearing is followed in the region by the farmers (