A campus-based education is the more traditional college experience, especially at the bachelor’s degree level.Students may live on campus, participate in sports and extracurricular activities, attend events and get more handson experience in their chosen fields. Interacting with peers and teachers alike provides learning and networking opportunities that are not part of an online education. Additionally, a campus-based education provides the opportunity for students to participate in extracurricular activities or sports. Students may take food and live together, providing a more immersive environment. A college campus may provide a myriad of facilities that students enrolled in an online education programme would not have access to, such as the school’s library, laboratories or athletic facilities. Face-to-face instruction and interaction with teachers offer a number of benefits for many students. Instructors may

have office hours at a set time,

Gentrification involves significant modernization in disadvantaged neighborhoods, transforming them into commercial hubs. In the

Philippines, this process is prominent; Angeles City exemplifies this transformation due to its strategic location and infrastructure

investments. Grounded on the social disorganization theory, this study investigates the impact of gentrification on community

dynamics in Angeles City, focusing on collective efficacy, crime rates, and safety perceptions using cross sectional method and

Pearson Moment Correlation. Mixed findings from previous studies suggest that gentrification can either weaken or strengthen

community bonds and variably affect crime rates and safety perceptions. Despite the city’s significant urban development and

transformation, the research found no statistically significant relationships between these variables. This indicates that the changes

in Angeles City do not necessarily affect crime rates or the residents’ social dynamics and sense of security. The observed moderate

associations between the variables appear to be due to random chance rather than reliable patterns. Given the lack of significant

relationships, the study suggests that Angeles City should focus on other strategies to enhance community well-being and safety,

including community engagement programs, inclusive urban planning, and enhanced safety measures. This approach can help

foster a stronger, safer, and more cohesive community amidst ongoing urban development.

This paper aims to evaluate the role of periodic marketplaces in fostering rural development. In the context of India’s developing economy, these marketplaces serve as critical socio-economic institutions. The study is based on primary data collected through direct questionnaires. Six periodic markets, along with their tributary areas, were selected as the focus of the study. To assess the impact of these markets on rural development, 705 participants were interviewed on various social and economic dimensions. Additionally, nine socio-economic indicators were analyzed in detail. The findings reveal that a significant proportion of participants belong to disadvantaged and small to medium income groups. This is largely due to the availability of affordable goods and locally produced items in these markets. Periodic marketplaces emerge as hubs of multi-functional activities, encompassing social, economic, cultural, and political dimensions. They offer a comprehensive reflection of rural life in this region of North India.

One of the significant dimensions of learning design for quality student learning is student approach to study and their learning

strategies. This assumes considerable importance especially in the contemporary context of Covid-19 pandemic and sudden switch

over to remote teaching-learning. The situation is more vulnerable in the developing countries where both campus and distance

learning students were compulsorily put to this new form of learning. The present study was undertaken to find out if there existed

any significant difference in undergraduate students’ approaches to learning and their learning strategies in relation to differences

age, gender and mode of delivery while undertaking home study at the time of pandemic in India. The revised version of the Study

Process Questionnaire (R-SPQ-2F) was administered to randomly selected 208 undergraduate students studying in two campusbased

central universities (n = 92) and one national open university (n = 116) in Delhi. The results showed that distance learning

students and female students were found adopting more of deep approaches to study than the campus students and male students

respectively. In both the delivery contexts, the female students had greater intrinsic motivation and used deep approach to learning

than their male counterparts. The results of this study have been discussed in relation of previous researches on student approach

to study, as also implications for national and institutional policy and practice of teaching-learning in higher education

The Pradhan Mantri Kisan Samman Nidhi (PM-KISAN) Scheme is a significant initiative by the Indian government aimed at providing financial support to small and marginal farmers. This scheme offers direct income support of ` 6,000 per year, distributed in three equal installments, to eligible farmers to help them meet their agricultural needs. Understanding the knowledge of tribal beneficiaries regarding this scheme is crucial to assessing its impact and effectiveness. This study investigates the awareness and understanding of tribal farmers about the PM-KISAN Scheme. It explores various dimensions such as the level of knowledge about eligibility criteria, application processes, and benefits provided under the scheme. The research employs surveys and interviews with tribal farmers to gather data on their awareness and the challenges they face in accessing and utilizing the benefits. The findings reveal disparities in knowledge levels among tribal beneficiaries due to factors like geographic isolation, limited access to information, and socio-economic barriers. The study underscores the need for targeted awareness programs and improved outreach strategies to enhance the scheme’s effectiveness and ensure that all eligible beneficiaries can fully benefit from the financial support provided.

Women empowerment, often defined as the process by which women gain autonomy, control over resources, and decision-making

power, is a key determinant in the socio-economic advancement of a country. In regions where women enjoy higher levels of

empowerment characterized by factors such as greater participation in the workforce, political engagement, access to financial

resources, and freedom from traditional patriarchal constraints, the correlation between empowerment and improved educational

access and health outcomes is markedly positive. This paper explores to quantify the regional disparity in women empowerment

by constructing a comprehensive women empowerment index (WEI) for 17 major states of India, based on three broad indicators

i.e., women socio-economic empowerment, health outcomes, and access to education. For this, the study uses secondary data

namely, NFHS-5 for the year 2019-21, published by Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Government of India. With the ranking

of states in WEI, a clear and concrete picture of disparities is found unwaveringly, thus making it a critical focus for policymakers

aiming to achieve balanced regional development across the country.

The concept of local government is an inevitable part of stage in the age of political modernization. Local government and local selfgovernment is closely interrelated issues of decentralization process. Local government system of Bangladesh has a long history,

with roots in ancient and mediaeval period. The modern local government had been introduced in Indian subcontinent by the British Empire. In this article the author attempts to define local government, local self-government, committee and commission. This present paper focus on historical evolution of local government system of Bengal based on Frazer commission. This article again tries to analyze social structure during that period in this region. This paper explains how Frazer commission made a significant role in the development of local government system of Indian subcontinent. This article seeks to identify the limitation of this commission as well.

Man wants to abstain from pain and crave for enjoyment. This tendency if not directed in the right direction leads to many complications. Society at large and individual subjectively as a solitary entity would suffer the consequence of such tendency. The theory of ancient Vedānta philosophy and Yoga helps avoiding such scenario. Traditionally, the Vedāntic practices are meant for- the ascetics. The present condition of society demands that these practices should penetrate every mode of our daily life. Vedānta is an abstruse philosophy and hard to understand. The theoretical aspect can be comprehended undergoing proper instructions from the preceptor. Vedānta philosophy in general can be called as the. In addition, Yoga is the practice of such theory, which leads us towards the goal. Yoga as commonly presumed is not joining but disjoining from our false beliefs. It requires constant practice for a considerable amount of time. A layman cannot understand the real nature of the man. This misunderstanding becomes the cause of all miseries, declares Vedānta. The real nature of man is ‘Ātman’ which id deathless, ever conscious and eternal bliss. The clarion call from the Vedānta is that, ‘the source of our all strength and happiness is ‘Ātman’ not the mundane existence around’.