Environmental Informatics is the emerging interdisciplinary practicing facet responsible for the applications and utilization of Information Technology in Environment, Nature, and Ecology. Different other areas viz. Geology, Agriculture, Forestry, Geography, Climatology, Oceanography, etc are also important stakeholders of Environmental Informatics. The branch Environmental Informatics also called as Eco Informatics, Ecology Informatics in some contexts. Environmental Informatics is quite different from Environmental Information Technology. Environmental Informatics interconnects both environmental as well as information sciences for the complete natural processes with language common to both humans and computers. This is still a practicing phenomenon; however, in few countries, this can be seen as a branch of study. There are different potentialities to offer Environmental Informatics as an academic branch due to its wider scope and utilizations. The field is practiced by professionals in forestry, agriculture, ecology and environment, corps and horticulture, geography and geology, etc. In this paper, various internal and related aspects of Environmental Informatics in different areas and sectors are analyzed.

The connotations of impurity that surround menstruation gave rise to the phrase and concept of ‘polluted women’ which is one of the few things that almost all the religions (be it Hinduism, Christianity or Islam) seems to be agreeing upon but in actuality it is a game of interpretation at its core. The word ‘menstruation’ that has now been normalized far enough for it to be considered offensive today, finds its roots in religious fanaticism. The elucidation of religious texts in the majority of the religions was left to men so it is not a breach to say that their understandings and explanations might be biased to further their ‘females are inferior’ agenda and can be easily debunked and stripped of their credibility as baseless myths. But women around the world are still suffering under the yoke of these misconstrued interpretations and have been condemned to an eternity of inhumane treatment during those 5-7 days every month. It doesn’t just affect their physical health but the seclusion and alienation cost them their mental equilibrium too. In a time when comfort and care is needed the most, they are subjected to irrational practices that aggravates their trauma and which is so hard to comprehend that society dismisses it as histrionic behaviour. The demotion of menstruation as a tabooed topic is not just a desirable ideal now, but it has become an imperative necessity so in an attempt to keep up with the changing times there is a wave of change being felt in the environment. It is time that this patriarchal society gets rid of its conservative mindset. Everything boils down to pose this question – in a world where a woman’s ability to bear children is her only strength celebrated by this male-dominated society then why, menstruation, a process which aids that is shunned down as a topic which is not worthy or ‘normal’ enough to be discussed in a civil conversation?

This paper shows the multiple challenges in Healthcare Systems’ Programme and its weaknesses and also gives some recommendations to improve it. Healthcare system plays very important role in the development of the country. If a country wants to make progress in all fields of life, it should provide the health atmosphere to its citizens and it is only then possible when it is increased by manpower system. Pakistan is an underdeveloped country and it stands 65th position among 102 developing countries. It has totally taken inherited Healthcare system from British side in 1947and now this Healthcare system consists of private and public sector. The private sector serves nearly 70% of population and 30% by public sector (Papanek, 2019). According to the constitution of provisional health of Pakistan, it is the government responsibility to provide the health facility to its citizens. Healthcare Services are delivered through a three-tiered namely; (Primary, secondary and territory Healthcare system). In Primary Healthcare services only Basic Health Units (BHUs) and Rural Health Centers (RHCs) are included. And in Secondary Healthcare Services Tehsil Head Quarters (THQs) and District Head Quarters (DHQs) are included. And Tertiary Healthcare hospital is an individual system.

Usury is a plague which haunts most of the underdeveloped sections of the society. Here a complete picture of the moneylenders, who they are, their history, why people go for moneylenders and not formal financial institutions, surety asked for loans by them, various consequences of default of payment by borrowers, notorious instances, laws to protect the affected in the form of acts and probable solutions for this issue are discussed. Media is continuously reporting the evils of usury which clearly reveals the evil grip usury has on the society. Nobody, the rich or the poor is spared. To support this study, a review was done on the media reporting on usury. The paper is a review of the “money lenders” in India. This study is done as a precursor for the ICSSR-IMPRESS sponsored project under the title “A strategic model creation for sustainable financial inclusion through influencers for under-privileged sections of the society”.

With rising cost of crop cultivation, narrowing margin, fast increasing family expenditure and rising unemployment, agriculture may not succeed in offering meaningful living to millions of farmers in rural India. Seeing the growing contribution of Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) in increasing employment and income of the people, it is felt that MSME sector may supplement farmers’ income and help rural India to achieve equity and promote a balanced economic development. The MSMEs also support in industrializing rural areas. Growth of the sector in the last few decades is quite encouraging. But these enterprises are facing many bottlenecks such as infrastructure, demand, quality raw material, manpower with skill and credit facility. This article attempts to study the growth, importance and key challenges of the MSME sector in India. The article concludes with a statement that MSMEs are the lower layer of the enterprise system, which contributes to the overall GDP and welfare by generating additional employment, increasing export and maintaining equity. Therefore, MSMEs must be explored and made use of as a powerful tool of growth and social justice.

This study set out to investigate the survival strategies of illegal transport operators in Harare, using the City- University of Zimbabwe route of Harare. With most studies on this area, mainly focusing on public transport operations under a broader category, this research paid particular attention to the marginalized public transport operators, which are commuter omnibus operators. As such, the study documented crackdown on commuter omnibus operators by the law enforcement agents, and how in return commuter omnibus operators have managed to come up with strategies that deal with this crackdown. Taking a sociological analysis; this study through the use of the structure-agency theory of Giddens, seeks to comprehend the reality faced by commuter omnibus operators in their day to day activities. Taking a qualitative standpoint, this study also gives a critical gaze into the strategies employed by commuter omnibus operators in countering crackdown by law enforcement agents in the City- University of Zimbabwe route. Thus a qualitative research methodology, mainly in-depth interviews, natural observation and secondary data sources, were utilized in the collection of data.