The social concept of gender emphasizes the bond between society and people. Gender is not determined through the sexual characteristics of either women or men but constructed socially. Gender role is a social position that includes a variety of actions and attitudes that are usually considered acceptable, appropriate, or desirable for people based on their personal or biological sex. This research was based on “gender role and crime”, and the main objective was to examine the impact of gender role towards the female offending in Sri Lankan context. A simple randoms ample of 60 convicted female prisoners from Welikada prison in Sri Lanka was selected as the sample and data were gathered using semi-structured interviews. Questions were focused on the crime committed, direct reason for committing, civil status and socio-economic background of the offenders. All 60 offenders could be categorized into five groups based on the “type of crime committed”. Majority of the offenders were accused of “Drug possession and trafficking”, and it holds 55% from the whole. Prostitution (28%), abortion (8.3%), homicide (3.3%) and financial fraud (5%) were recognized as the other crimes committed. Economic status, addiction, social labelling, social indignity, motivation, and protection were identified as primary reasons for offending. “Gender role” has been played a particular part in female offender’s life which is hidden from direct reasons. Female gender role is created an early civilization based on the household and childcare. Nevertheless, with the intangible change of society has disorganized the female gender role. Male gender role existed with the dominance of the household with minimal change. Female gender role became complicated within the limitations of traditional duties. Child socialization upgraded to structured education alone with money based basic needs. Females entered to all professionals expanding duties hold, while maintaining the responsibilities of traditional gender role. Although it showed an increment of education of females, it has supported to “fraud” indirectly. As major duties of female gender role created with biological features of the female body like accouchement, female body base hiding and escaping methods, vulnerability as rape and social labelling of indignity were unchanged. The research revealed female offending is a normal response by normal females towards abnormal gender conditions of the society. To address this social dilemma, gender role should be flexible; responsibilities should be taken by the family as an institution while mutual accountabilities are transferred for individuals.

Prosody plays an important role in students’ social and academic achievement. To explore the impact of motivational prosody on teaching effectiveness, we conducted a quasi-experimental study on ninety-three undergraduate students. Teaching effectiveness was measured through students’ intrinsic motivation, task valuing, perceived choice, perceived competence, tension, effort expended, and creative problem solving. The prosodies investigated included autonomy-granting, controlling, and neutral prosodies. We used The Intrinsic Motivation Inventory (Deci & Ryan, 2005) and Passi-Usha Test for Creative Problem Solving (Passi & Kumar, 1996) for measuring the constructs. Statistical analysis along with the follow-up interviews revealed that the groups significantly differed in creative problem solving, with an effect size of 0.118. Moreover, the difference in scores for creative problem solving was due to differences in level of elaboration by participants, whereas the originality of responses was same across groups. This suggests that even though prosody has a role to play, a much more complex network of interconnected factors determines the student-teacher relationship.

Power, according to some is considered to be a possibility to influence others, some say it is something which entrenches control over others, some say it is something which promotes people to take action and facilitate decision making and planning. But many a time this power is used or misused in enabling or disabling an individual from doing or performing certain things. Thus, this paper aims to do an in-depth examination of the relationship between power and Rape, this paper aims to put forth certain theories which are concerning the commission of Rape. Furthermore, this paper aims to apprise the reader by conflating the sociological, psychological, and political impacts and consequences in a subtle way.

This article is comprised of a systematical analysis of ‘class’ and ‘gender’ nexus in the agrarian society. The prime focus has been given to the identification of women in the agrarian class structure. It is a systematic comparative analysis of the position and role of women in different agrarian class structure in two different zones in West Bengal. Gender relation in the agrarian class structure does not only depend on the possession of the property (i.e. land) but also related to the sexual division of labour, nature of work and intra-household relationship. Another dimension of subordination of women in the agrarian class structure is the concept of ‘house-hold’ which derived from a dimension of ‘public-private’ dichotomy. It has been discussed how the role and participation of women are expanding day by day in the agricultural sector, though they are very few recognised as an independent farmer.

Intellectual property is the creation of human mind and human intellect. This is why this kind of property is called “Intellectual” property. Intellectual property is created by incorporating information in tangible objects capable of multiplying in unlimited number of times at different locations anywhere in the world. The property is basically in the concept, idea, and thought and thereafter is the actual product, work or process, etc. The World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO) provides further clarification on what exactly should be the nature of Intellectual Property. According to WIPO, the Intellectual Property includes rights relating to inventions in all fields of human endeavors, scientific discoveries and industrial designs. It also contains trademarks, service marks and commercial names and designations, literary, artistic and scientific works and performance of artists, phonograms and alike. Further, the protection against unfair competition and all other rights resulting from intellectual activity in the industrial scientific, literary or artistic fields have been aptly given space in the domain of intellectual property.

Lack of access to water and sanitation facilities is a concern in India and it affects women and girls disproportionately by impacting on their health and dignity. Women in slums without water supplies and toilets within their homes are potentially vulnerable to different forms of violence. This study identified the different forms of violence faced by women on accessing water and sanitation facilities, differences within categories of slums, reasons for the same and compared it with resettlement colonies. Among the location-based categories on accessing water facilities, verbal abuse was found high (90.7 %) among the women of industrial slums, while physical abuse (18%) and sexual abuse (8.7%) was reported high in residential slums. During accessing sanitation facilities, verbal abuse was reported high (50%) among women in industrial slums and sexual abuse was reported high (12%) among the women in coastal slums. While in resettlement colonies it is found that all forms of violence were found to be low comparatively. The study also found that the time of water and sanitation access and distances negotiated to fetch water and to access sanitation as an influencing factor of the violence.

In India, several special security laws in the naxalite affected are responsible to violate national and international human rights guarantees, both by the naxals and security forces. The indigenous tribal people are experiencing three kinds of human rights violation due to naxalite movement; firstly, naxals are involved in killing, abduction, summary trail, execution and torture of civilians; secondly, secondly, security forces are responsible for arbitrary arrest, illegal detention and torture and thirdly, chronic forms of HR violations like right to life, land, development induced/conflict induced development, displacement due to security reasons, forest laws and others. This paper is an empirical study in the naxalite affected Koraput region in the state of Odisha to have a critical examination of the extent of human rights violations and tries to locate the contradictions of the stand poised by the government of India and International human rights legal framework. Secondly, to identify the limitations of international human rights laws, especially IHL and UDHR to deal with specific population groups like tribals in India. Finally, it argues for alternative ways for the protection of Human Rights of the indigenous populations in the conflict areas.

Groundswell in the population of the elderly has multitudinous implications on the economy of a nation as well as the structure of public policies and programmes. Maintaining the health and wellbeing of the elderly, who constitute a large part of India’s population is an emerging area of concern in law as well as psychology. This chapter addresses the predicament of the ageing population and the various inequalities and transgressions such as elderly abuse and fiduciary crime that thwart successful ageing and wellbeing. Contemporary conceptions of wellbeing such as that of remarriage, bereavement and resilience in the elderly are also discussed. Furthermore, inadequacies of the policies and programmes developed on the national as well as global level to safeguard the needs of the elderly are also explored.

The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic is affecting the global population adversely. The impact is not limited to health only; rather extend to affect the global economy, transport, education and largely the social integrity. The impact of COVID-19 pandemic is affecting the marginalized population more intensely. The marginalized population in the community are severely affected by the COVID-19 pandemic. Community support and timely intervention for these population will prevent the spread of infection to these people as well as in the community. This review discusses the impact of COVID-19 in the marginalized population and some recommendations to deal with this issue. Extensive review of literature done by using the terms of marginalized population (transgender individuals, commercial sex workers, refugees, and migrant workforces, peoples living in prison, old age homes and hospice care) with COVID-19 in the electronic databases.

Self-Help Group is an important tool which help the rural women to acquire power for their self-supportive life. These Programme clearly play central role in the lives of the poor. SHGs is a way to raise the income level and improve the living standards and economic independence of the rural women. The impact on their lives is not just an economic one gaining more self-confidence is often a more lasting achievement that forms the basis for social and economic improvements. Rural women are the major working forces of farming activities in the study area. They regularly engaged and participated in farm activities, after joining the SHGs their role has drastically changed in all decision areas of farm activities except land preparation, labour hiring, irrigation and purchase and sale farm machinery. SHGs members show positive impact on pattern of household consumption expenditure as average household consumption expenditure has increased significantly especially for pulses, fruits and vegetables.

The main concern of this research was to find out the present scenario of women empowerment in local government institutions in Lalmonirhat district. For this purpose, 85 participants were selected purposively. A survey design used in this study. After analysis the collected data it was shown women members of Zila Parishad mean score is (M = 134.40) which is more than the other institutions. Mean difference of five Upazila where empowered women live Patgram (M = 132.12), Kaliganj (M = 131.08), Lamonirhat Sadar (M =129.71), Hatibandha (M = 127.00) and Aditmari (M = 124.5). The living status of empowered women is (68.235%) from single-family. Correlation between education and women empowerment is also significant (r = 0.17) at the 0.01 level.

Reproductive health of women addresses various issues of women health in many ways. It includes the issues like power to make personal decision regarding health, including sexual behaviour, choice of method of family planning, giving birth to a child etc. Thus, the study of reproductive health and behaviour of women has multi-dimensional aspects. In other words, it depends on various socio-economic and demographic factors. The present analysis has made a comparative study of the reproductive behaviour amongst the tribal and non-tribal women Undivided Darrang district of Assam (Census 2001). The study has found that Tribal women despite being the less privileged group enjoy a greater autonomy in decision-making process regarding their reproductive health.