Socio-ecological approach towards tribal situation is concerned mainly with the interrelationship between the tribal people and their surrounding ecological infrastructure, emphasizing attention to the social, institutional, and cultural contexts of people-environment relations. It is an appeal not only for moral regeneration but also and above all, for social reconstruction along ecological lines. In consideration with the nature of Tribal Social Ecology and its embedded five broad elements such as ecology, society, culture, economy and polity, this book highlights a fresh look on the socio-ecological niche of three important tribal communities of eastern Chotanagpur especially of Purulia district of West Bengal namely Santal, Kheria Sabar and one of the Particularly Vulnerable Tribal Groups (PVTGs) of India, the Birhors. The Book focuses how these tribal communities in one of the most backward districts of India making harmony between their society and ecology, mixing with ecosophic and geosophic principles and making unique synergy between man and nature in approach and action. From radical standpoint, Tribal Social Ecology has been concerned for promoting social changes in real terms, which could end deprivation and exploitation and establish a value added judgment, compatible with sustainable enrichment of ecology and the indigenous society. In this regard the book further moved forward and raised a stand point that 'Tribals are not backward'. Investigation suggested that tribes have no notion of savings. Planners and policy makers maked them as backward for suitable implemetation of Tribal development plans but raised discremination, which has to be solved. Status of Tribal women is further exhibited by two parameters of life and living health and education. They need a special attention indeed. In this book an endeavor has been made by the author to formulate strategies and suggestions after considering the basic problems of the tribal communities of extended part of eastern Chotanagpur.