This book is designed to provide valuable knowledge to students and learners in the field of Materials Science and Engineering. As a rapidly evolving and interdisciplinary domain, Materials Science and Engineering involves the study of structures, devices and systems with novel and advanced properties. Rooted in physics, chemistry and engineering, materials science plays a crucial role in advancing nearly every area of modern technology.This volume, “Materials Science and Engineering,” aims to provide readers with a comprehensive overview of the field, covering core principles, recent advances, and emerging trends. The chapters explore essential topics such as crystallography, nanomaterials, biomaterials, computational materials science, optical materials, optical fibres, numerical simulation and phase transitions.