The concept of farming-based livelihood systems has gained significant importance in recent times, given its potential to provide sustainable livelihood opportunities to millions of rural households in India. This book aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of the theoretical and practical aspects of farming-based livelihood systems, with a focus on the diverse range of agricultural systems and enterprises prevalent in the country.The first section of the book delves into the status of agriculture in India and various states, highlighting the income of farmers and rural people. This section also explores the concept of livelihood, its patterns in urban and rural areas, and the various indicators used to study livelihood systems. The second section introduces the reader to the concept of agricultural livelihood systems (ALS) and the different approaches and frameworks that have been developed to study these systems. The section also defines farming systems and farming-based livelihood systems, and provides an overview of the prevalent farming systems in India that contribute to livelihood.