The present research work was done to evaluate and compare decellularized periosteum and decellularized periosteum seeded

with rabbit amniotic membrane-derived mesenchymal stem cells (rAM-MSCs) (recellularized periosteum) to prepare it as ready to use bio-scaffold. Periosteum was harvested from buffalo ribs procured from local slaughterhouses. Decellularization of the periosteum was done by the chemical method using 2% triton X-100 & 1% SDS detergents. After decellularization of the periosteum, it was evaluated for the absence of any periosteal cells and integrity of the extracellular matrix of the periosteum with hematoxylin and eosin (H & E) staining and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), respectively. After confirming successful decellularization, 1×106 cells/cm2 rAM-MSCs were seeded over decellularized periosteum. After successful recellularization, it was evaluated for the attachment of seeded rAM-MSCs over the surface of decellularized periosteum and confirmed by using H & E staining, and SEM, respectively. Decellularized periosteum provided a compatible and supportive extracellular matrix for attachment of rAM-MSCs and can be used as a bioscaffold. Recellularized periosteum can deliver rAM-MSCs for various clinical purposes like fracture healing and bone regeneration in critical-sized bone defects. Also, decellularized periosteum proved to be a better scaffold for rAM-MSCs growth and attachment. Thus, decellularized periosteum after stem cell recellularization proves to be a good bioscaffold for therapeutic application in veterinary clinical practices.

Leptospirosis is the wide spread neglected zoonotic disease among domestic and pet animals and poses major threat to human public health. Although it is treatable with antibiotics, vaccination is the prime strategy to control the disease. However, the current vaccines are ineffective, lack of cross reactivity and require booster doses. Therefore, it is inevitable to identify conserved protein candidates that can provide immunity against the majority of serovars. In this context, the present study was aimed to clone and express the lipoprotein Beta Propeller repeat (BPR) of L. canicola. In this study, 435 base pair of partial coding sequences between 195 to 340 aa region of beta propeller gene was amplified by PCR. The fragment of 435 bp BPR gene was inserted into the pET 32(a) vector and expressed in E. coli Bl21(DE3) cells. SDS-PAGE revealed an expected size of 36 kDa and the immunoblot with anti sera raised against the whole cell lysate of L. canicola, confirmed the specificity of the protein expressed in E. coli system. NCBI BLAST analysis showed that 435 nucleotides are flanking the coding region of 422164 to 422598 positions of L. interrogans sps chromosome number 1 and having 95 percent identities with the published sequences. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that the BPR gene of this study occupied the same clade in the phylogenetic tree as other L. canicola serovars. From the findings of this study, it may be concluded that the Beta Propeller Repeat protein gene was conserved in the genus Leptospira and which could be a potential vaccine candidate for subunit vaccines.

Nanoparticles being a modern technology are being explicitly exploited for their application in medical sciences such as gene targeted drug delivery, vaccine delivery, adjuvants, and medicines. Metal nanoparticles studied by far have associated adverse effect except the calcium nanoparticle. Nanoforms of calcium are much acceptable and induce minimum inflammatory response. Albeit, the literature regarding calcium nanoparticle is not well cited and lacks immunological and cytotoxic studies on calcium nanoparticles. Henceforth, the effect of calcium nanoparticle on immunity was taken into focus in the present study. Wistar rats were administered nanocalcium at dose rate of 1000 mg/kg b.wt. for a period of 90 days per-os. Immunopathological alterations were assessed based on T-cells and B-cells proliferation assays, ELISA (Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay), Haemagglutinition inhibition, macrophage function test (MFT) and gamma-globulin levels. Calcium nanoparticles at low doses improve the immune responses as they elicit the immune response levels at initial phase of the study. However, prolonged nanoparticle administration induces immune-alteration effect. Thus, for prolong use of nanoparticle in oncology, gene therapy, implantation and others should be assessed.

Different biological samples require specific protocols for isolating DNA from them. Semen samples require special considerations because of the presence of protamines in place of histones in the DNA of spermatozoa. An experiment was conducted at the Institute Swine Production farm at ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, to select the bestsuited DNA isolation protocol from porcine semen. Healthy Landrace boars from the farm were given preliminary training and 18 ejaculates were collected from them for the study. DNA isolation was done in three methods in order to standardize and finalize a protocol suitable for porcine semen. The methods were phenol-chloroform as described in Russel and Sambrook (2001) with slight modifications, Chelex-100 (Walsh et al., 2013) and using commercial kit method (Applied Biosystems). The genomic DNA isolated from the porcine semen samples were checked for quality, purity, and concentration. Among the three methods selected for DNA extraction, all gave apparently good quality DNA with purity in the preferred range of 1.8-2.0 but differed in the concentration according to the nanodrop reading. On analysing the results statistically, the modified Phenol- Choloroform technique showed significant variation in concentration of isolated DNA in comparison to the Chelex -100 method and commercial kit method.

Renal disorders are relatively common in dogs and are frequently associated with a poor prognosis in the later stages. Renal disorders may slowly progress to renal failure which is one of the most serious problems in the canine population, affecting approximately 2-5% of all dogs. In recent years, renal failure is the major cause of death in young and older dogs. The incidence of renal disorders in dogs is high in the form of renal failure viz. acute renal failure (ARF) and chronic renal failure (CRF). In the present study, dogs were screened for renal disorders on the basis of clinical signs and confirmation of renal disorders was done on the basis of renal function markers and nephrosonographic examination. The overall occurrence of renal disorders in dogs at VCC, Jabalpur was 2.66 per cent while among suspected dogs, it was 59.84 per cent. Age wise occurrence was significantly higher (5.50%) in dogs of more than 8 years of age group followed by dogs of 4-8 years of age i.e. 2.49%. Gender wise occurrence showed a non-significant difference in renal disorders among male and female dogs. Amongst different breeds, Spitz/ Pomeranian had the highest occurrence (11.24%). Echotextural alterations were recorded in 47 dogs having CRF, whereas 6 dogs with initial stages of CRF and 26 dogs with ARF had not possessed any abnormality upon diagnostic imaging.

Present study was carried on six pancreas samples from apparently healthy local poultry of Poonch region. Pancreas was lobulated gland located between the descending and ascending parts of the duodenum. Histologically, the pancreas was covered by thick connective tissue capsule comprising mainly collagen fibers which sends fine septae dividing the gland into indistinct lobes. Parenchyma of pancreas consisted of both exocrine and endocrine portion. Exocrine part consisted of numerous secretory acini varying from spherical, oval to elongated. Acini consisted of single layer of pyramidal cells with round, large, basally situated nucleus. Cytoplasm contained acidophilic zymogen granules located mainly towards the apical portion of the cell. Centro-acinar cells were not observed in the present study. Average longer diameter was 44.02±7.71 µ whereas the smaller diameter was 33.92±7.80 µ. Average height of acinar cell was 12.54±0.69 µ with nuclear size of 5.90±0.33 µ. Endocrine part constituted only a small portion of parenchyma and appeared as lightly stained pale areas in between the acini. Occurrence of islets varied and were unevenly distributed. The shape of the Islets of Langerhans varied from spherical, oval to elongated. Most of the islets were lightly stained and cells had rounded basally located nucleus with prominent nucleolus. Few of the islets were mixed type in this local poultry of Poonch region having both light and few dark cells. Mean number of islets per field at 40x was 4.17±0.70. Average longer diameter was 184.62±19.77 µ whereas the smaller diameter was 114.82±10.14 µ.

The dairy farming plays an important role in the economic development of rural India. More than 70 percent of the rural households still depend on agriculture and livestock sector for their livelihood (FAOSTAT, 2010). The Jammu & Kashmir state is blessed with 8.32 million population (20th livestock census). These animals are mainly reared by Gujjars, who own about 11.9 percent of the total population of the state (Census of India, 2011). Gujjar are pastoral ethnic group with population in India, Pakistan and a small number in north eastern Afghanistan. They are numerically third largest community of Jammu and Kashmir after Kashmiri Muslims and Dogras (Bhat, 2018). The population of Gujjars in Jammu district is 3.81% of the total population of the district (Census of India, 2011). The Rajouri district which thickly populated by Gujjar and Bakerwal is representing the highest proportion of the total tribal population of state followed by Poonch, Kargil, Leh and Reasi districts. They are mainly known for the rearing of livestock and is established with the fact that only 0.85% of the population is urbanized and remaining resides in rural areas and thrives on sustainable livestock production (Singh et al., 2017).

The present study was planned to deduce the effectiveness of the plate osteosynthesis for the repair of long bone fractures in dogs. The study was conducted on seven clinical cases in which bilateral fractures were present in three dogs whereas single was observed to be involved in rest of the cases. In the fractures involving radius and ulna, plates were used for the fracture stabilization. However, in two cases involving tibia and femur, firstly plate and intramedullary pin was used for surgical repair, respectively. The revised surgery was undertaken as the plate used to stabilize tibia fracture had implant failure (bending of plate). Fixation was done by using IMP and hydroxyapatite was also used to augment repair. Stabilization of femoral fracture by using IMP failed and was again attempted by using stack pinning and plate combination along with hydroxyapatite. The healing of the fractured fragments was evaluated by clinical and radiographic examination. Excellent results were observed in four cases, revised surgery was attempted due to implant failure in two cases and one case died 15 days after surgical procedure due to managemental related issue. It may be concluded that plate osteosynthesis yields excellent results when the plate size is evaluated based on bone size, bone involved and at least fixing of three screws on either side of fracture site.

Present study was carried on six stomach samples from adult apparently healthy Bakerwali goat. Reticulum was spherical and was separated from rumen by rumino-reticular groove ventrally. Mucosa was dark brown in colour having reticular cells of variable shapes. Cells were smaller towards lesser curvature. Mean empty weight of reticulum was 12.95% of the total empty weight of the stomach whereas the capacity was 7.78% of the total volume of the stomach. Histologically, reticulum consisted of tunica mucosa, tunica submucosa, tunica muscularis and tunica serosa. Lamina epithelialis was lined by keratinized stratified squamous epithelium. Lamina muscularis mucosae was present only towards the tip of primary reticular crests. Tunica muscularis had inner circular and outer longitudinal layers of smooth muscle. Number of crests per field, length and width of primary reticular crests were significantly (p<0.05) higher at lesser curvature. Histochemically, stratum corneum showed strong PAS reaction, stratum granulosum showed strong reaction for Alcian Blue (pH 2.5). Distribution of glycogen was moderate in the layers of lamina epithelialis mucosae except stratum corneum. Lamina epithelialis mucosae and tunica muscularis showed strong reaction for basic proteins. Stratum corneum showed moderate reaction for lipids. Floor of reticular groove at the level of reticulo-omasal opening presented papillae resembling the claws of bird. Entire reticular groove was lined by stratified squamous keratinized epithelium. Lamina muscularis mucosae was incomplete and seen mainly in the lips of reticular groove. Floor of groove had transverse smooth muscle fibers whereas lips contained thick longitudinal smooth muscle fibers. 

The present study was undertaken to access the gross anatomy of the liver in guinea pigs of four postnatal age groups. Hepatopancreatic organs were collected from the guinea pigs received from department of Laboratory Animal Medicine,

Chennai. Gross anatomical observations were recorded. The liver in guinea pig was the largest gland in the body and was found

on the right side of the cranial and middle part of the abdominal cavity. The liver was related to the gall bladder, diaphragm,

stomach, intestines and lesser omentum in all the postnatal groups studied. In preweaning guinea pig, the colour was dark

reddish brown whereas in animals from 2-8 weeks to 16-32 weeks of age, it was pale, reddish brown. The liver showed six lobes

namely the right lateral lobe, the right medial lobe, quadrate lobe, left medial lobe, left lateral lobe and caudate lobe. The caudate

lobe had two parts namely caudate process and papillary process. In all the age groups, the liver showed two surfaces namely

parietal and visceral surface. The hilus or portal fissure of the liver was noticed in the transverse groove formed between the

dorsal and ventral parts on the visceral surface. Four borders were observed viz., dorsal border, ventral border, right border and

left border. The liver showed six ligaments namely falciform ligament, coronary ligament, round ligament, triangular ligament,

hepatorenal ligament and hepatogastric ligament.

Chicken parvovirus (ChPV) is of many viruses related to enteric diseases, which usually associated with enteritis and Runting

and stunting syndrome (RSS). Aim of the present study was to find out the occurrence of ChPV associated with poultry enteritis

in four districts of southern Rajasthan, and their phylogenetic analysis. Total 604 dead poultry birds affected with enteritis, from commercial poultry farms were examined for presence of ChPV. Intestinal samples of four birds were pooled to make one biological sample. ChPV were detected by PCR using non-structural protein (NSP) gene specific primers. Phylogenetic analysis was carried out by partial gene sequencing. ChPV was detected in 18.54% (28/ 151). Mixed infection of FAdV+ChPV were detected in 15.23% (23/151) pooled samples. The partial molecular characterization of the ChPV partial molecular characterization revelled high level of nucleotide 98.95-100% and amino acid similarity 98.95-99.98% with other ChPV sequences from Brazil and other parts of the world.

Present study was conducted on esophagus of seven adult Japanese Quail. The oesophagus of Japanese quail was thin walled

distensible tube comprised of three distinct segments namely precrop oesophagus (cervical part), crop and postcrop oseophagus

(thoracic part). The crop was form a rounded structure at the level of thoracic inlet, that bulged further ventrally to the right and lied against the pectoral muscles. The postcrop oesophagus was relatively longer, wider and more distensible as compared to precrop oesophagus. The interior of oesophagus presented longitudinal mucosal folds which were prominent in precrop oesophagus and crop as compared to postcrop oesophagus. These muscosal folds were longitudinal in precrop oesophagus and were wavy in crop.

An experiment was conducted to assess the effect of different floor types on growth performance and carcass traits in growing

stall fed Nellore brown ram lambs. The research animals were allotted randomly to 3 treatment groups (eight lambs in each group) i.e., on mud floor (control, T1), on concrete floor (T2) and on the elevated plastic slatted floor (T3) in a completely randomized design under intensive system. Statistical analysis of the data showed significantly higher body weight gain in T3 and T2 groups in the fifth fortnight. Significantly (P<0.01) higher body weight gain recorded in T3 group from sixth to eighth fortnight among three treatment groups and the total gain in body weight was significantly higher in the T3 group of lambs. Non-significant difference was observed for average daily gain (ADG), feed and dry matter intake (DMI) and carcass traits, but comparatively higher feed intake and DMI was observed in lambs reared on elevated plastic slatted floor (T3). It can be concluded that the overall body weight gain was significantly higher in lambs reared on elevated plastic slatted floor. Though statistically not significant, the higher ADG and DMI in lambs reared on elevated plastic slatted floor results in better returns, hence recommended for farmers adoption.

A total of 200, day old broiler chicks were divided into 4 treatments consisting of 5 replicates in each group and ten chicks in each

replicate. Basal diet (T1) prepared following BIS (2007) standards and the experimental diets were prepared by incorporating

antibiotic 0.02 % of BMD (T2), 0.1% sodium butyrate in pre-starter, 0.05 % in starter and 0.025% in finisher (T3) and 0.02 % of

antibiotic BMD and 0.1% sodium butyrate in pre-starter, 0.05% in starter and 0.025 % in finisher (T4). The results revealed that

sodium butyrate and combination of sodium butyrate along with antibiotic BMD resulted in significant improvement (P ≤ 0.05)

in carcass characteristics like dressing percentage, breast yield, thigh yield, drumstick yield, abdominal fat percentage, relative

weight of liver and gizzard in sodium butyrate supplemented groups when compared and non-significant difference (P > 0.05)

in relative weight of heart and proventriculus was observed.

The study was conducted in female Black Bengal goat to investigate the number of ovulation during gestation period by Ultrasound Image (USG). Female kids of three months of age were placed in three groups with five numbers in each group; 1st TG with supplementary nutrition and a buck, 2nd TG with supplementary nutrition and 3rd TG as control. Due to permanent exposure of buck and good plane of nutrition, the animals under TG 1 attained puberty significantly (P<0.01) earlier than other two groups. Average body weight of animals of TG1 (10.0 kg) was also recorded to be lowest. Most failure of conception was noted in TG 1 as reflected by its significantly higher (P<0.05) number of services (3.6) than other two groups (2.2 and 2.0 respectively). Highly significant (P<0.01) variation in respect to age of 1st kidding was observed, the animals under TG 1 took least time, but body weight of animals of TG 3 was least. Post-partum estrus was also recorded to be earliest (3 to 6 weeks) in first group of animals than the other two. By ultrasound imaging technique a single number of Corpora lutea (CL) was counted for individual animal under different treatment group on the 11th day of oestrus cycle, with an exception of three CL in one animal of the first treatment group. Out of total 17 CL counted, 11 were found on the left ovary. Number of ovulation observes by ultrasound imaging, was confirmed through laparotomy.

Pharmacokinetic study of marbofloxacin was carried out in rabbits following single and repetitive intravenous (IV) administration.

Serial blood samples were taken from days 1st and 5th of marbofloxacin administration. Concentrations of the marbofloxacin

in blood plasma were estimated by microbiological assay techniques. Various kinetic parameters were calculated by using

two compartment open model. Significantly higher plasma concentrations of the drug appeared from 0.5 to 12 hr on 5th day as

compared to 1st day of marbofloxacin administration. The minimum therapeutic concentration (≥ 0.25 µg/ml) of marbofloxacin

was maintained up to 12 hr in both 1st and 5th day of drug administration. Following multiple once IV dose, significantly higher

values of t1/2β, and AUC were observed in 5th day as compared to 1st day of marbofloxacin administration, whereas significantly

lower value of Vdarea and ClB were observed in 5th day as compared to 1st day of marbofloxacin administration. All the other

kinetic parameters differ non-significantly between 1st and 5th day of marbofloxacin administration. On the basis of present

findings a satisfactory dosage regimen of marbofloxacin @ 0.91±0.03 mg/kg bwt followed by 0.71±0.03 mg/kg bwt at 12 hr

intervals can be recommended to maintain the minimum therapeutic concentration (≥ 0.25 µg/ml)) during the treatment of

microbial infections in rabbit.

The present study was conducted to assess the effect of vitamin C (ascorbic acid), vitamin E, organic chromium and its combination on growth performance and economics of Narmadanidhi birds in winter season. A total of 240, day-old coloured dual type Narmadanidhi chicks were distributed into 12 dietary treatment groups with each consisting 20 chicks in 2 replicates. The chicks were housed in individual pens as per treatment groups and reared on litter system. Dietary treatment supplements in starter and finisher ration were C0 control, C1 (150 mg AA/kg), C2 (250 mg AA/kg), E1 (125 mg vit-E/kg), E2 (200 mg vit-E/ kg) Cr1 (1.25 mg Cr-propionate/kg), Cr2 (2.0 mg Cr-Propionate/kg). Combined supplements were C2E1, C2E2, C2Cr1, C2Cr2, and C2E1Cr2. The data of body weight, feed intake, feed efficiency and economics of rearing were recorded and measured on 6th week interval. Analysis (One way ANOVA) was carried out to study the effect of treatments on production performance. At 12 week, body weights in combined supplement C2Cr2, C2E1Cr2 were significantly higher and non-significant from control. Combined supplements C2Cr2, C2E1Cr2 improved feed intake significantly than all other treatments.. Cumulative feed efficiency of E2, Cr1, Cr2, C2E2, C2Cr2 and C2E1Cr2 were non-significantly different and significantly better than control group. Treatment C2Cr2 has highest gross profit/bird and Cr1 has highest gross profit/kg live weight than control and all other treatment groups. Finally, concluded that combined supplement C2Cr2, C2E1Cr2 had superior performance and Cr1 had better economy in winter season with significantly better performance than control.

Staphylococcus aureus is found as commensal organism in the livestock, and they also cause opportunistic infections. They also possess various mechanisms and genes conferring them with antimicrobial resistance. The carriage of such antimicrobial resistant organisms by healthy animals poses threat to both the animal production and public health aspects. In the present study a total of 90 samples from apparently healthy sheep and their farm environment were collected. The samples consisted of skin swabs (n=30), nasal swabs (n=20), vaginal swabs (n=20) and farm environmental samples (n=20). The overall prevalence of S. aureus was found to be 18.8% (n=17), with the highest prevalence in skin samples. The isolates were subjected to culture sensitivity test against 17 antibiotics. The antibiogram revealed highest resistance to penicillin-G (88%), ampicillin (53%), tetracycline (47%), cefoxitin (29%) and azithromycin (29%). The isolates showed susceptibility to co-trimoxazole (94%), amikacin (82%), chloramphenicol (82%), gentamicin (76%) and gatifloxacin (76%). Out of the 17 isolates, 14 were multi-drug resistant. Such studies on prevalence and antimicrobial resistance of organisms are needed to understand the epidemiology and mechanisms of resistance. They also prove useful in formulating standard operating procedures for antimicrobial usage.

The present study was conducted in pregnant sows to evaluate the hematological and biochemical profile during the transition period. Blood samples were collected from sows on the days -30, -10, -3, 0, +3 and +10 of farrowing and analyzed immediately

for hematology and biochemical profile. A significant (P<0.05) decrease in red blood cell count and an increase in total white

blood cell count, neutrophil, lymphocyte and eosinophil counts were noticed during the transition period. Serum total protein,

globulin and albumin levels decreased significantly whereas serum total cholesterol, high density lipoprotein cholesterol, low

density lipoprotein cholesterol concentrations increased significantly during the transition period compared to the day -30

of farrowing. Glucose concentration was significantly high on the days -10, -3, 0 and +3 of farrowing. Serum triglycerides

significantly increased on the day -10 and day -3 compared to the day -30 and significantly decreased thereafter until day +10 of

farrowing. Serum aspartate transaminase activity increased significantly (P<0.05) during the transition period compared to the

day -30 of farrowing while alanine transaminase activity was highest on the days -3 and 0 of farrowing and gamma glutamyl

transaminase activity on the day +3 of farrowing. Blood Urea Nitrogen values increased significantly (P<0.05) during transition

period, whereas elevation in creatinine levels was seen on the day 0. Calcium and phosphorus levels of serum increased while

sodium and chloride levels decreased significantly during transition period compared to day -30. Potassium levels decreased

from day 0 until day +10 compared to the day -3 of farrowing.

Plants have been used since time immemorial to treat a variety of diseases. The present study was conducted to comparatively evaluate the antidiarrheal efficacy of plants traditionally used to treat diarrhea viz. semi ripe fruit of Aegle marmelos, rhizome

of Curcuma longa, leaves of Dalbergia sissoo, bark of Mangifera indica, leaves of Psidium guajava and fruit rind of Punica granatum. Methanolic plant extracts were tested for their antidiarrheal efficacy in castor oil induced diarrhoea in rats at three different doses (@ 100, 200 and 400 mg/Kg body weight). Of the six extracts tested, Aegle marmelos fruit extract was found to be the most effective, followed by Dalbergia sissoo leaf extract; both resulted in dose dependent inhibition of diarrhea in rats. A. marmelos fruit extract was further evaluated for its therapeutic potential in acute undifferentiated diarrhea of calves @ 400 mg/Kg/Day, orally in two divided doses. Efficacy of the methanolic extract of Aegle marmelos was found comparable to that of oral pefloxacin given to a group of calves @ 10 mg/Kg body weight, orally, once a day. In conclusion, Aegle marmelos can effectively be used as a non-specific antidiarrheal in acute diarrhea of cattle calves.

A yearlong survey was conducted between March 2019 to February 2020 to study the influence of animal factors like age, breed,

sex and managemental practices on the prevalence of Ixodid ticks on cattle in Telangana State, India. An overall prevalence of 63.4% of tick infestation was recorded where as it was significantly higher in cross bred cattle than indigenous animals. Among cross breeds, 80 % of prevalence was recorded in Holstein Friesian and 77.24% in Jersey cross with a non-significant difference. Among the indigenous, non-descriptive cattle showed significantly (p<0.05) higher prevalence (53.2%) than Sahiwal (39.6 %) and least in Gir (21%). Age wise studies indicated more tick infestation in less than 1year age cattle (70.4%) followed by above 3 years (63.4%) and >1-3-year age group (51.6%). Female cattle were more prone to tick infestation (67.3%) than males (49.9%). Cattle reared under unorganized farms (71.3%) were more infested than in organized farms (50.7%). The current information on regional prevalence is essential for development and modulation of tick control measures for better production and economic stability.

In present study two organized and six unorganized farms of sheep from three agro-climatic zones of Haryana were surveyed to assess the prevalence of anthelmintic resistance in gastrointestinal nematodes to fenbendazole (@ 5 mg/kg b.wt. orally), closantel (@ 10 mg/kg b.wt. orally) and ivermectin (0.2 mg/kg, subcutaneous injection) by faecal egg count reduction test (FECRT). Per cent reduction in faecal egg counts by fenbendazole (FBZ), closantel (CLS) and ivermectin (IVM) in organized  arms ranged from 53.24-60.60% (FBZ), 74.24-76.62% (CLS) and 63.63-69.69% (IVM) while unorganized farms 59.62- 75.56% (FBZ), 79.19-92.47% (CLS) and 69.94-82.79% (IVM). Over all per cent reduction in faecal egg counts in organized and unorganized farms ranged 53.24-75.56% (FBZ), 74.24-92.47% (CLS) and 63.63-82.79% (IVM), respectively. In all cases of anthelmintic resistance, Haemonchus contortus was the predominant parasite involved. Reduction in faecal egg counts indicate multidrug severe to moderate resistance in sheep farms of different agro-climatic zones of Haryana.

Recent era has witnessed a growing interest in scientific community for utilising phytogenic mixture due to their novel attributes of improving performance of broilers. However, the search of economical phytogenic mixture is continuous. This experiment was formulated to study the effect of dietary supplementation of phytogenic mixture containing Nigella sativa, Allium sativum and Ocimum sanctum (1:1:1 ratio) in broilers. For this research, three comparable groups were formed viz. Control (no supplementation), T1 (supplementation @0.25% of feed) and T2 (supplementation @0.50% of feed) and this experiment lasted for 28 days. A total of 48 Cobb 400 broiler chicks were distributed randomly into three groups and each group contained 16 broiler chicks of same body weight. Statistical analysis of data revealed that T1 and T2 group had significantly higher overall body weight (P<0.001), feed conversion ratio (P<0.001) and feed conversion efficiency (P<0.001) than control group. However, T1 and T2 groups differed non-significantly (P>0.05). However, there was no significant difference in feed intake across all the groups. Economic analysis of production of broilers under three different feeding regimes revealed that T1 and T2 group broilers performed better than control group. Therefore, based on the findings of this study, it may be concluded that dietary supplementation of phytogenic mixture containing Nigella sativa, Allium sativum and Ocimum sanctum (1:1:1 ratio) @0.25% may economically improve the performance of broilers.

The present study was conducted in SaiKhandara and Rondha villages of Betul District of Madhya Pradesh, for household income and food & nutritional security through tribal women empowerment and to find better performance among the Kadaknath and local non descript (ND) breed. Twenty female and two male birds of each breed are distributed to 10 women’s of each two villages (Total 440 chicks) for rearing in backyard farming system in village situation. The experiment was conducted at farmers level under the operational area villages of KVK, Betul. The birds were routinely vaccinated against Newcastle disease, Infectious Bursal Disease and Fowl Pox diseases. The data for body weight, body weight gain, mortality and egg production were recorded weekly. Body weight was significantly higher in Kadaknath birds as compare to ND birds. Egg production was also higher in the Kadaknath birds but age at 1st laying and mortality rate were on the lower side in Kadaknath than ND birds though found non-significant among each other. The selling rate of Live body weight and egg of kadaknath birds were also higher than ND birds, because there is great demand of Kadaknath meat due its nutritive and medicinal properties. The study revealed that, Kadaknath as Backyard poultry is play an important role to empower women socially and economically, as a source of income generation, employment opportunities, along with production of valuable foods that reduces household malnutrition.

The present study was aimed to record the occurrence of acute kidney diseases in dogs. Overall occurrence of acute kidney diseases was 01.18 % (32/2696). Out of 148 suspected dogs 21.62% (32/148) suffered with acute kidney disease. The age wise occurrence of acute kidney disease was found to be higher in dogs aged between 4-8 years 28.12% (18/64), followed by dogs above 8 years 25.00% (12/48) of age and was less in dogs 1-4 years age 10.52% (02/19). Breed wise occurrence was higher in Labrador retriever 26.82% (11/41).