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Payment systems in India have undergone rapid changes during the past few years. The Vision Document on Payment Systems released by the Reserve Bank of India states several measures for building a ‘less cash’ society. The adoptions of mobile and card payment systems are two key components of this initiative. This paper presents an overview of a transformational project initiated recently by the National Payments Corporation of India (NPCI). This article aims to empower the bank customer to ‘send’ and ‘collect’ money in real time with just an e-mail, like a financial address, both for person-to- person (P2P) payments and Business to Consumer (B2C) Collect. This paper also includes the comparison study of different UPI Apps.
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The tribal’s, who live in forest areas and other remote place, have got their own culture, customs, practices and religion. They have not remained uninfluenced through the sources of change. The changes have taken place even among the tribal groups that who lived separate from non-tribal. The tribal population in the State of Karnataka, and in the country as a whole, is the most deprived and vulnerable community that faces severe economic exclusion. Although certain constitutional safeguards are provided, no significant economic, social and political mobility has taken place across this community. Therefore it is important to find out the type of changes that have taken place and the factors in effecting these changes and finally the pace and direction of changes that have taken place among them Our paper on “Tribal Identity And The Implications For Political And Cultural Development:A Sociological Analysis” the situation of the Scheduled Tribes in the background of various policies of the state during the successive plan periods and its impact on their socio-economic mobility. Politically, this community is the most voiceless in the state. Their unsecured livelihood position in terms of lack of legal entitlements of the resources they use, both land and non-timber forest produce, push them into deep economic vulnerability.
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A present study was carried out at Dept. of Agro- Meteorology, CCS HAU Hisar to find the status of ground water in Rewari district for two decades i.e. from 1996-2017 With the main objective to investigate the temporal trends in annual and seasonal groundwater level and fluctuation in Rewari district. The study involved analysis of the ground water data for 20 years and mapped the changed in ground water levels between pre monsoon and monsoon seasons. The major activities in ground water fluctuation in five block of Rewari district involved the of existing data, generation of GIS database (shape files), interpolation, categorization, mapping and interpretation. Trend analysis has been done spatial analysis by Geographical Information Systems (GIS). The results indicated that a mix of negative and positive trends in the groundwater level series. Results also indicated the pre-monsoon ground water level influenced higher recharge of ground water than the total annual amount of rainfall. In pre- Monsoon rise in water level was found in north parts and decline was in south eastern parts. Study show that in Monsoon Central parts of Rewari district observed rising water table and South Eastern and North Western parts of district had declining water level from normal. The pre-monsoon season the groundwater level varied from 7.26 to 22.23 meters below ground level in depth and during the monsoon season the groundwater level was found to be from 10.46 meters to 22.23 meters bgl during year (2017).
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Lignocellulose is the most abundant renewable resource naturally available with great potential for bioconversion to value-added bio-products in this case from coconut husk to reducing sugars with bio-converting enzyme(s) from Candida tropicalis and Escherichia coli BL21(DE3). This study was to colometrically analyze the xylitol bioconversion and PAGE analysis expressed natively and recombinantly. Pretreated coconut husk (PC) and carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) were used as the carbon source in minimal media to monitor the enzymatic activity, reducing sugar and enzyme production. Enzymatic hydrolysis was facilitated through fermentation of different compartments of C. tropicalis and recombinant E.coli BL21(DE3) between 0 to 96 hours. After 2 hour of induction, recombinant E. coli BL21(DE3), 0.224 g/L (IN) showed higher enzymatic activity than C. tropicalis, 0.181 g/L (EX). Bands expressed extracellularly by C. tropicalis had an estimated molecular weight of 45 kDa while recombinant E. coli BL21(DE3) was 7 kDa. Mannitol dehydrogenase had the highest similarity to the expected peptide sequence through MALDI-TOF MS analysis. Recombinant strains are developed to obtain a higher enzymatic activity compare to the native one. Future studies on optimization of production media may be done.
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Informatics is an emerging subject that concern with both Information Technology and Management Science. It is very close to Information Science, Information Systems, Information Technology rather Computer Science, Computer Engineering, Computer Application, etc. The term Informatics widely used as an alternative to Information Science and IT in many countries. Apart from the IT and Computing stream, the field ‘Informatics’ also available in the Departments, Units, etc. viz. Management Sciences, Health Sciences, Environmental Sciences, Social Sciences, etc., based on nature of the Informatics. Informatics can be seen as a technology based or also as a domain or field specific depending upon nature and thus it is emerging as an Interdisciplinary Sciences. There are few dimensions of Informatics that can be noted viz. Bio Sciences, Pure & Mathematical Sciences, Social Sciences, Management Sciences, Legal & Educational Sciences, etc. This is a conceptual paper deals with the academic investigation in respect of the Informatics branch; both in internationally and in India.
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Agriculture is one of the important and valuable facets in the world as for the survival we need the foods and from agriculture it has come from. Therefore Agriculture Science is important and consider as most for the betterment of the agriculture in scientific way. Initially Agriculture considered only a tool or way for the crop development and gradually it is become a field of study. Agricultural Science is about the study of plants, pathogens, pests, herbs, chemicals and various physiological properties in better and healthy crops, plants, and vegetable products development with the context of Agriculture sustainable. Agricultural Science is considered as important and valuable applied science deals with suitable methods, tools for the development of agricultural products and foods even including animal cultivation. After the development of Agricultural Science many other allied and related branches have been developed viz. Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Management, and Agricultural Biotechnology etc. Agricultural Engineering is focused with the designing, construction, development of the farming equipments, products, machines, tools etc. for the agricultural development and agricultural unit management. The field is dedicated also in scientific study, experiments, research, evaluation related to the Agricultural Systems. This paper is about the aspects of Agricultural Science and Agricultural Engineering including their features, attributes, natures, functions and roles and so on. Further the paper also deals with the job potentialities of the field as well.
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The RMS values of the voltage outputs from the wind energy system where the speed of wind varies between 0 to 25 m/s has been observed. It is made to drive the heavy loads and the drop in the voltage outputs is being observed and compared with the system having the STATCOM with AC DC voltage regulation controller. The load has been varied continuously to observe the optimum value of load up to which both the systems are compatible. The waveform of the open circuit voltage output has a variation up to 800 to 1000 volts. This voltage should be maintained when it is made to drive any load without dropping in its value. It was observed that the voltage dip in system without STATCOM is more while driving 1000 KW load. However, the Optimum value of the system upto which it can drive load is 18KW and with STATCOM having AC DC voltage regulation controller It has improved to 50KW.
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Due to low opportunities and higher population of landless and agricultural laborers as well as low land and labor productivity,poverty is concentrated in drier regions. The traditional subsistence farming systems have changed and at present time farmers have minute options and are are preferring to grow high value crops particularly vegetables which require intensive use of inputs, most importantly life saving irrigations, and therefore they face real problems in day to day life and is a serious concern which should be given huge importance as far as living conditions in such regions.
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Rod-like α-Fe2O3 was synthesized by hydrothermal method and characterized using spectroscopic methods of analysis. X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), X-field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), elemental diffraction X- ray (EDX), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and dynamic light scattering (DLS) methods were used to characterize the synthesized mineral. XRD analysis shows that the single-crystalline sample indexed as the pure rhombohedra α-Fe2O3 material was formed while the DLS and zeta potential analysis indicated average particles sizes of about 1300.9 nm and 31.2 mV respectively. The morphology and shape of the synthesized mineral was studied with FESEM and TEM while the elemental analysis was done with EDX. FESEM and TEM analysis show that the synthesized α-Fe2O3 minerals were rod-like in shape while EDX analysis gave a good composition of the elements of the synthesized material. Therefore, this method may be applied to synthesize other forms of iron minerals or other inorganic materials at industrial scale especially when rod-like materials are needed.
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Human Computer Interaction is one of the important domain and aspect of Information Science. HCI is treated as most vital and valuable gradients in Usability Engineering. HCI and Usability Engineering both are uses for interface designing of portal and other electronic gadgets. Human Computer Interaction is rapidly uses in general computers, laptop, mobile, I-Pad, ATM, Information Kiosk and other portal which are uses by large number of users from several field and segments. Usability Engineering and HCI are close and related field but out of them, Usability Engineering is broad field and HCI is treated as just activity and principles for interface designing and development. This paper is talks about HCI and Usability Engineering which includes their application and contemporary features. Papers also talks about future potentials of using such technologies for common people and community, industries.
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The present communication deals with in vitro analysis of Antibacterial activity of extract of leaves and stem of Chlorophytum borivilianum Santapau and Fernandez (Liliaceae). The result of the preliminary investigation revealed the presence of alkaloids, glycosides nucleus, Saponins and tannins in leaves as well as in stem. The antimicrobial activity of leaves and stem extract of Chlorophytum borivilianum was studied against four bacteria among them two are Gram –ve bacteria (Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumonia) and two are Gram +ve positive bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus subtilis.) by agar disc cup diffusion method. Zone of inhibition produced by different extracts was tabulated. Only the aerial parts of plant inhibited the growth of bacteria at the concentration of 1000mg/ml and 500 mg/ml respectively. Extract Showed maximum antibacterial activity against all organisms tested in order of sensitivity as Staphylococcus > Bacillus subtilis > Klebsiella > Escherichia coli .
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Engineering education system in West Bengal is a time-tested paradigm catering for decades to the industries and academia. Yet there are many loopholes in the system due to induction of private enterprises for running colleges as has been pointed out by Professor C N R Rao and many other committees. This paper tries to unfold the un-cared lacunae of present engineering education and suggest remedial measures.
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With the introduction of smart phones with advanced computing and storage capabilities users experience novel kind of security threats. Conventional preventive mechanisms like encryption, authentication alone don’t seem to be enough to produce adequate security for a system. So, we tend to need sensible Intrusion detection systems which will improve security and substantially reduce the cellular phones computing resources. In this work we tend to plan an intrusion detection procedure that with efficiency detects intrusions in mobile phones with an application to Data Mining. To remove overhead of processing from the mobile phones we used network based approach. We build a neural network classifier that may be trained for every user using its call logs. Application will run on phone of the user and collects concerned data of the user and sends them over to the remote server. Results indicate the effectiveness of our methodology to observe intrusions and outperformed existing Intrusion detection strategies with about ninety five percent detection rate.
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Natural rubber being a polymer formed in plants has very limited usefulness if not processed further. The processed (vulcanized) rubber can be further stabilized against thermal oxidation and degradation when put to use to extend the life span. The effect of cyclic heating on natural rubber treated with cashew nut shell liquid (CNSL) was determined. The natural rubber samples were dissolved in a given di-ethyl ether and a measured quantity of paraffin was added and divided into two (2) parts. The first groups were samples without stabilizing additive while the other contains stabilizing additive blended in them. The samples were heated at 600C, 800C and 1000C over varying periods of 3, 6, 9, 12 and 15 hours respectively and the compounded dried rubber was weighed into each of 12 cavities of a locally fabricate aluminium mould and the mould and its contents introduced into the oven. A solution of a measured amount of each sample in hexane was taken for viscometric measurement. Change in viscosity with length of heating shows that the various samples were degraded with time. The level of degradation of the rubber samples treated with cashew nut shell liquid (CNSL) as stabilizer showed better thermal stability compared with those without stabilizing additive.
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Many data mining techniques have been proposed for mining useful patterns in text documents. However, how to effectively use and update discovered patterns is still an open research issue, especially in the domain of text mining. Since most existing text mining methods adopted term-based approaches, they all suffer from the problems of polysemy and synonymy. Over the years, people have often held the hypothesis that pattern (or phrase)-based approaches should perform better than the term-based ones, but many experiments do not support this hypothesis. This project presents an innovative and effective pattern discovery technique which includes the processes of pattern deploying and pattern evolving, to improve the effectiveness of using and updating discovered patterns for finding relevant and interesting information. For efficient pattern mining, Latent Semantic Indexing (LSI) is used, a new approach to automatic indexing and retrieval. It is designed to overcome a fundamental problem that plagues existing retrieval techniques that try to match words of queries with words of documents. The particular “latent semantic indexing” (LSI) analysis that we have tried uses singular-value decomposition. We take a large matrix of term-document association data and construct a “semantic” space wherein terms and documents that are closely associated are placed near one another. Singular-value decomposition allows the arrangement of the space to reflect the major associative patterns in the data, and ignore the smaller, less important influences. As a result, terms that did not actually appear in a document may still end up close to the document, if that is consistent with the major patterns of association in the data. Position in the space then serves as the new kind of semantic indexing, and retrieval proceeds by using the terms in a query to identify a point in the space, and documents in its neighborhood are returned to the user.
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On November 17, 2019, according to several sources, the first case of COVID-19 appeared in Wuhan, China, for a 55-year-old man. In addition to that, evolutionary estimates in genetic studies conducted in the early months of 2020 indicated that the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) Virus most likely transfered to humans in the period between October 6th, 2019 and December 11th, 2019. The reason that led to the rapid spread of this epidemic is that its symptoms may not appear on the infected person in which, symptoms of the disease might not be shown before two weeks of the infection. The World Health Organization WHO recognized the spread of COVID-19 as a pandemic on March 11th, 2020. In the first period of the virus’s spread, specifically in January and February of 2020, Italy, Iran, South Korea, Japan, and China reported increasing numbers of cases. Later that month, specifically on the 26th of February, the number of cases outside China rapidly exceeded the number of cases inside China, with the total number of cases reaching 2,790 distributed in 37 countries. During the next few days, the virus spread around the world at a steady speed, and there was no way or method to find a solution or treatment for its spread. COVID-19 had devastating effects on all living areas and on all industries, in which, it had shocking effects and frightening figures related to the movement of the global economy and companies in a manner related to the repetition and duration of closures in addition to effects beyond description related to current and future effects in connection with the methodology of higher education, universities, and educational institutions, and the related future repercussions. COVID-19 causes many symptoms such as fever, dry cough, fatigue, headache, loss of the sense of smell and taste, it also causes difficulty breathing and nasal congestion. COVID-19 is an abbreviation for coronavirus disease of 2019. Throught out this paper, The virus is mentioned as Coronavirus, COVID, and COVID-19.
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Producing the natural scene with good contrast, vivid color and rich details is an essential goal of digital photography. The acquired images, however, are often under-exposed or over-exposed because of poor lighting conditions and the limited dynamic range of imaging device. Contrast enhancement is thus an important step to improve the quality of recorded images and make the image details more visible. Many research work have been done for image enhancement. In this paper, different techniques and algorithms using machine learning approach are studied and Block based CNN Learner is designed for contrast enhancement.
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Internet of Things (IoT), an inter-connecting technology comprising devices, objects, information, people and data, as a global internetwork for building intelligent systems. Such systems play a vital role in automating data sensing, machine and manufacturing process monitoring, product quality checking and lactation based smart shipping in real world industrial environment with integrity and interoperability. Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) provides the integrated development environment for industries to build intelligent interconnected systems that uses the various IoT devices and bring the cyber and physical world together with higher level of availability and scalability. In this paper, we reviewed the transition of various IoT based systems to IIOT with the insights of concepts, devices and technologies of IoT and IIoT integrated applications which outlines the various trends and applications of Industry 4.0.
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Nowadays, Agile software development methodology is adopted by many companies to develop good quality software. It makes easier for the developers to remove the errors and bugs at the time of development of software. In Agile development, bug prediction is used to predict the errors, faults, bugs on the basis of historical data. By which most of the bugs are resolved before software compiles. Machine learning approach is used to predict the bugs in agile, by which agile methodology reduces the cost of maintenance and increase the project success rate. There are some factors for the project success which are discussed in this paper.
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Extracting the data automates the process of finding predictive information in a large database. The ability to gather and analyze effectively business and corporate intelligence is a major advantage for all practitioners in high-tech industries. Competitor analysis in marketing and strategic management is an assessment of the strengths and weaknesses of current and potential competitors. This analysis provides both an offensive and defensive strategic context to identify opportunities and threats. Marketing is the process of communicating the value of a product or service to customers, for the purpose of selling that product or service. Competitive Intelligence (CI) may not be inappropriate and compares and contrasts competitive intelligence with business intelligence, competitor intelligence, knowledge management, market intelligence, marketing research, and strategic intelligence. Competitor analysis is an essential component of corporate strategy. Predictive analysis is using business intelligence data for forecasting and modeling. It is a way to use predictive analysis data to predict future patterns. In this paper we propose the competitive measures between the two renewable energy sources (RES) namely solar and wind energy. The factors used for determining the competitions between the two sources are price, quality, selection, service, location, reliability, stability etc.
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This paper investigates the load-frequency control (LFC) based on neural network for improving power system dynamic performance. In this paper an Artificial Neural Network (ANN) basedcontroller is presented for the Load Frequency Control (LFC) of a five area interconnected power system. The controller is adaptive and is based on a nonlinear auto regressive moving average (NARMA-L2) algorithm. The working of the conventional controller and ANN based NARMA L2 controllers is simulated using MATLAB/SIMULINK package.. The Simulink link results of both the controllers are compared.
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This article examines why Nabors Industries (NBR) acquired OFS (Oilfield equipment and services) industry peer Tesco (TESO). The study draws on a dataset from analysts, corporate advisers,and other sources, regarding the acquisition of Tesco by Nabors. The case study illuminates several dimensions of the Tesco & Nabors international experience before and after acquisitions and why analyst is calling the transaction a win for both buyer and seller? Is the deal also takes out a competitor in the top-drive market? Nabors Industries’ $216 million acquisition of Tesco Corp is still believed as a valuable deal at the oilfield services industry
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This research aims to explore the moderating effect of HR Managers transformational leadership on the relationship between human resources management practice and employee organizational commitment. A total of 3,185 samples were surveyed of the top six out of 11 financial control groups in Middle East. Results indicate that, aside from performance management, the remainder of the variables, including education and training, salary and remuneration, benefits, career development, and communication, have significant positive effects on employee organizational commitment. A HR Manager transformational leadership, on the other hand, yielded no significant effect on employee organizational commitment. However, HR Manager’s transformational leadership has significant positive moderating effect to the influence of performance management, salary and remuneration on employee organizational commitment, and significant negative moderating effect to the influence of communication on employee organizational commitment.
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Technology is changing and playing an important role in developing different sectors and fields and as a result, it is helping in building of Digital Society. In the fields of Computing, Computer Science is considered as oldest with the activities of Computing and Information Processing. After the development of the Computer Science another important subject has been developed, i.e., Information Technology; which is applied in nature and started for information processing and other activities using various information techniques and technologies. Information Technology takes the help of different sub-components in information collection, selection, processing, management, and delivery. Among the sub components few important are Software Technology, Networking Technology, Database Technology, Multimedia Technology, Web Technology, and so on. Further, the field of Information Technology is also changing and incorporating with other domains and fields. Information Science is older than Information Technology but mainly deals with the manual information systems and management; and after the arrival of Information Technology, it has changed its methods, scope for its activities. Emerging technologies have changed the entire arena of Information Technology. This paper discusses the emerging fields of Information Technology with reference to its components and emerging sub technologies.
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A non-Newtonian fluid is a fluid with a viscosity that varied under the action of applied stress or forces. It has novel properties that make them potentially useful in many applications in industrial process. Their various types of characteristics have led to much excitement in the field of environment. Non-Newtonian fluids are categorized as numerous types of that due to several behaviors. Several types of behavior under appropriate state of affairs have been presented.
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A novel series of mixed ligand transition metal complexes of Cu(II), Zn(II), Ni(II) and Co(II) have been synthesized from the Schiff base ligand, 3-(naphthalen-1-ylimino)indolin-2-one (achieved by the condensation of isatin and naphthylamine) and 1, 10-phenonthroline. The structural features were corroborated by means of elemental analyses, molar conductance, IR, UV–Vis, 1H NMR and mass spectral studies. The data displays that these complexes have the composition of [MLX] type where X = 1, 10-phenonthroline. The UV–Vis. and magnetic susceptibility data of the complexes suggest a square–planar geometry around the central metal ion. The IR spectral data of the ligand exhibits the presence of iminic group and its complexes manifest that the imine group of the Schiff base coordinate with the metal ion and decreased value of carbonyl group indicates which coordinate to the metal. The proton NMR spectrum of the ligand shows the presence of imine group. The mass spectral data also confirms the metal complexes as [MLX] type. Molar conductance values of the complexes have been found in the range of 5 - 14 ohm−1cm2mol−1, suggesting the non-electrolytic nature of the complexes. The antimicrobial study reveals that copper and cobalt complexes are better antimicrobial agents than the standard drug streptomycin and Nystatin. The copper and cobalt complexes exhibit remarkable antioxidant potential than the other complexes. The catalytic oxidation of styrene by H2O2 was carried out in acetonitrile in the presence of mixed ligand metal complex as catalyst. The result of the catalytic study reveals that the zinc complex effectively catalyses the oxidation of styrene.
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During the last four decades arsenic contamination of groundwater in nine districts out of twenty in West Bengal has become a serious problem. About 20% population of West Bengal in nine districts (Malda, Murshidabad, Nadia, North 24 Parganas, South 24 Parganas, Kolkata, Howrah, Hoogly and Burdwan) are affected by arsenic problem. Arsenic enters into the human body by drinking of contaminated groundwater and food grains which are irrigated from contaminated water. Bio-accumulation of arsenic is occurring from the food grains as irrigated with arsenic contaminated water. Arsenic contamination of ground water in West Bengal leads to adverse effects on human health. Chronic exposure of arsenic can cause skin cancer and other health effects. Groundwater contamination with arsenic and human suffering are increasing in West Bengal. Arsenic affected people are also facing serious social problems in the affected villagers who are living in very poor economic conditions. To combat the arsenic crisis in West Bengal it is desperately need to increase awareness and educate the people about the problem. Besides, it is also necessary to use maximum of surface water resources by traditional water treatment techniques such as use water after filtration by activated alumina or use water after boiling for safe drinking water.
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Form of child labour for many decades is one of Dakshin Dinajpur’s greatest problems. Many campaigns against child labour are organized by the Government and NGOs. However, because of the many socioeconomic conditions of Dakshin Dinajpur they were unable to achieve their goal. In order to estimate the number of children’s work and situations, a General Survey 2016 (GS16) was conducted privately. In this research area we try to establish a methodology to determine child labour rates and scholastic retardation in Dakshin Dinajpur.
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Raiganj University is a State Government University located at Raiganj, West Bengal. It was established in the year 2015 as a unitary university. Initially the university started with Under-Graduate and Post-Graduate Program and then it has started its Research program leading to MPhil and PhD programs in different branches of Arts, Science, and Commerce. At present the University holds 22 PG Departments and out of which total 17 Departments have started MPhil & PhD programs. The university was initiated tagged as a college under the University of North Bengal, WB. The initial development of Raiganj University is noticeable; in the year of establishment itself i.e. 2015 the University started total 10 PhD programs. Then since 2016 the number of subject has been enhanced and thereafter MPhil program also been started. Apart from the research degrees i.e. MPhil and PhD, the university also started higher degrees leading to the D.Sc. and D.Litt. Moreover the university after its establishment within a specific timeframe have done good job in terms of productive research output leading to research papers, policy papers, review papers etc. Importantly the output of the degree within a specific time is noticeable and eye catching. This paper highlightes the emerging areas and research scenario of Raiganj University. It explores the areas, topic, department and faculty wise status in terms of research and development.
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Information and Computing is the core for development of different kind. Computing and Information Technology tools are responsible for information related activities. There are different subjects fall under the computing and IT and among these few important are include Computer Science, Computer Engineering, Computer Applications, Information Science, Information Technology, Informatics, Information Systems etc. However only few are popular among these branch and among these Computer Science, Computer Applications and Information Technology are important one. India is a large country and there are different stakeholders of various means. As far as West Bengal is concerned it is one of the important and active state having good fame in heritage, population and education. There are different educational institutes around the state and many of them offering different level of programs and different nomenclatures in IT and Computing. Conventionally in the universities of West Bengal, one university department offers a specific subject or field. But this study is undertaken to show the differences or changes of thought in this regard. Moreover, the study highlights the degrees offered by the newer and old university as well.
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This paper is highly concerned and mark approached to present a sharp image of Indian youth and their different psychological reasons to adopt direct or indirect physical and mental unrest and agitation related to society, politics, administration, schools and universities.It is really a matter where the youth are vulnerable to outside influences and imitate others but this does not mean that the youth only follow a way of destruction, assualt andget involved in terroistic activities. Somewhwer the question arises why? Should the youth alone be expected to conform to traditional moral values and lofty ideas? How can they look up to self-proclaimed political, religious and social leaders for inspiration?
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Tea cultivation occupies a place of pride in the Darjeeling hills. The development of the district has been driven by the growth of the tea industry. Nevertheless, this industry is presently in the grip of a mounting crisis. The Darjeeling tea industry has been passing through a period of stagnation. The existing tea estates experience frequent labour conflicts, and some have been locked out for considerable periods. As the tea workers are dependent solely on their wage earnings, the sufferings of workers have increased driving some of them even to suicide. This gives us a clear picture about the grim situation that confronts workers in the Darjeeling tea estates. The dimension of the structural readjustment that is needed within the tea industry to cope with them needs to be analysed immediately in protecting the rights of plantation workers and in equipping them for work and struggle through new livelihood strategies. Hence, the empirical study on the socio-economic conditions of the workers on the tea plantations would help us to understand their problems, while protecting their interests and provide an immediate help to seek better lookout for the condition of tea plantation workers in the hills before their inefficiency may turn into stagnation of the Tea Industry in Darjeeling.
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The 3D image gives the experience of the invisible dimension of the 2D image. Many researchers work for a display that projects 3D images in a way that makes them visible from all angles and does not require extra accessories. In this paper, we propose an algorithm to construct a 3D image form a 2D image. In which two major techniques are utilized namely segmentation and displacement map. Segmentation technique is used to classify foreground and background objects which plays an important role in 3D imaging. Our focus is only on the foreground of an image because that relates and enhances the overall composition of an image. Displacement map technique is used for constructing the 3D perception of foreground object that will mimic the quality predictions of 3D perception.
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Biometric based personal verification gains popularity due to the importance of security and privacy protection. The target of this paper was the design and development of a finger vein identification system that could be used by a number of users in an Automated Teller Machine (ATM) environment. Finger vein recognition uses the internal and unique patterns of finger veins to identify individuals at a high level of accuracy. In general, it is identified that it is a great challenge to design a finger vein identification systems that provides a certain level of performance. For this purpose an effective algorithm based on Support Vector Machine (SVM) for finger vein recognition is used. The information of the finger veins extracted based on a Local Binary Pattern (LBP) and Wavelet Transform. Finally, the two score values by the LBP and Wavelet transform is to be combined by the Support Vector Machine (SVM) for image classification. The technique is implemented in MATLAB platform. The Equal Error Rate (EER) and the processing time is reduced when compared to other methods.
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This work examines the effect of fiber angle, fiber volume fraction and hole size on the stress concentration around the circular hole of (AS4/3501-6) carbon/Epoxy lamina subjected to unidirectional in plane loading. Three independent fiber volume fractions and fiber orientations for three different hole sizes are considered. Both analytical and finite element solutions are presented using micro and macro mechanics approaches of analysis of orthotropic lamina and by using ANSYS10 finite element package. The analysis is initially carried out by fixing the hole size and by varying the other two parameters (fiber angle and fiber volume fraction). Next, the fixing parameter is interchanged in a cyclic fashion and the process is continued. It is found that the whole size and fiber orientation have greater influence on the stress intensity concentration around the hole vicinity compared to fiber volume fraction.
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Steganography is the art of communicating in such a way that the existence of a secret information within another remains invisible. Since the Greek-era steganography has become a popular mode of secret communication. Modern day digital steganography has traveled through a long path of modification and development from basic LSB matching process to complex artificial intelligence based method. Transferring E-governance related information through non-secure channel like internet is just not vulnerable for the data itself but could damage governmental security and privacy.Therefore, this types of important documents could be protected from unauthorized viewers by applying steganography. In this paper, we have reviewed various steganography techniques and analyzed their positive and negative sides in brief which could be applied for secure transaction of E-governance data.
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In this article an effort has been made for a stochastic model of intrinsic rate of human population growth of India and studied when the couples at the personal level decide whether to continue child bearing or not is made on the basis of desired number of male Childs. The aim of developing such a model of intrinsic rate of population growth in terms of bio-social parameters is to study the growth rate of ultimate stable population implied when couples adopt family building process based on desired number of living male child. The departure of the proposed formulation from traditional approach makes it more realistic and relevant from the point of view of bio-social parameters shaping human reproduction. In terms of long run nature of growth rate of population. This model explains the sensitiveness of the biosocial parameters such as female’s age at marriage time, survival chance of mother, spacing between births etc. It will also help to stimulate the consequences of alternating bio-social parameters shaping human reproduction
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Globalization has made the world so interwoven and interlocked that all social institutions have to be inevitably open to the global networks and flows of wealth, power, and information. Moreover, since the values and lifestyles of the developing countries are the focus of the globalization waves, these waves pound the cultures of these countries in the first place. In fact, globalization has posed numerous challenges to the autonomy of the developing countries. Hence, cultural independence can function as a strong barrier to globalization. Moreover, globalization provides all countries with proper opportunities, and various cultures can grow through mutual interactions and cultural synergies when time and space are downscaled and geographical boundaries are overstepped. Therefore, analyzing the globalization-induced challenges and opportunities of cultural independence with regard to the remarks of the Islamic Republic of Iran’s founder was the aim of this research. The descriptive-analytical approach was adopted to answer the question about the globalization-driven opportunities and challenges of cultural independence on Parsons’ structural functionalism. The research findings suggested that culture is a dominant system according to Parsons, while the Islamic Republic’s founder believed in the determining role of culture. Globalization targets a country’s cultural independence as a challenge and sets the scene for cultural interactions and synergies as an opportunity.
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The primary objective of this research work is to study the thermal behavior of untreated and alkali treated pineapple leaf (PALF) and coconut husk fibers (COIR). In this context, firstly the cellulosic fibers were treated with an alkali solution of various concentration (2%, 4%, 6%, 8%, and 10 wt%) then secondly the change in their surface chemistry and thermal stability were investigated by means of a Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and Thermogravimetric analysis technique (TGA) respectively. A significant variation in the chemical composition of cellulosic fibers was observed after an alkaline treatment. Changes in the peak at 1745, 1525, and 1250 cm-1 in FTIR spectra corresponds to the partial removal of hemicellulose and lignin components. The thermal degradation of lignocellulosic fibers consists of two major steps i.e. moisture loss (below 150°C) and the decomposition of hemicellulose, cellulose, and lignin components (between 150°C to 400°C). An alkali treatment increases the thermal stability of pineapple leaf and coir fibers through physical and chemical changes. It was observed that the 4 wt% NaOH treated PALF and COIR fibers possess higher thermal stability as compared to other treated and untreated fibers. PALF exhibits a higher rate of decomposition than the COIR fiber but its main decomposition peak lies at a higher temperature of about 400C.
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Information Technology has changed the entire arena of modernization. In every sectors and areas Information Technology and Computing is useful and applicable and this trend is growing. SWAYAM is the platform which is responsible for the online and advanced self learning initiated and started by the Government of India. This is helpful for those who are studying and also working. The best way and biggest efforts for the self-study by the public sector initiative is SWAYAM. Under this scheme various organizations and institutions dealing with the academics can interact and do the needful in their online and similar kind of education. Here in this initiative, initially faculty members from the reputed organizations became participated and delivered the courses and lectures and among these important are IIT Bombay, IIT Madras, IIT Kanpur, IIT Guwahati, University of Delhi, Jawahar Lal Nehru University, IGNOU, IIM Bangalore etc. And gradually other organizations have been added into the catalogues. All the courses under SWAYAM is offered fully free and important to note that in some cases charges are required viz. Offering Award or Certification on the chosen area etc. The craze of SWAYAM is increasing and gaining popularity in India other countries. This paper is on basics of SWAYAM and including its characteristics and basics. The paper highlighted traditional and modern concept of e-learning as well. The paper is about concept and features of SWAYAM as well.
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In this paper, Sadhana (Sd) index of a pericondensed benzenoid graph consisting of three columns and having m, n, and k hexagons (counted column wise), in armchair position, is computed in a simple way under different cases. Case for two rows and for three rows (zig-zag position) has already been established. It is concluded that the results obtained are same for both zig-zag and armchair positions.
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Tertiary level education is the key to modern development of any nation and the outcome-based curricula is the pivotal to the standard of the tertiary level education system. The tertiary level educational institutes play the crucial role to change the society and development at any time and horizon. In Bangladesh, several quality development and assurance institution are running to promote the standard of tertiary level education. We know that the graduates will face very competitive job market after their graduation, therefore, ensuring the superior quality and standard of the graduates need to be very significant for better employability. This study is an opinion survey among tertiary level students of different universities that assesses their learning and goal-setting attitude for job achievement. The opinion of 750 tertiary level students is collected from different universities of Bangladesh purposively through a well-structured questionnaire. We observe almost similar job target attitude of students from different backgrounds. The socio-economic and education related factors play very significant role for their target-setting attitude.
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Canal irrigation is widely used source of water for irrigation. So management of irrigation canal water is crucial factor in overall irrigation development. The conventional method is used to deliver water as per demand by the water users (farmers) in form of rotations. The conventional system involves lot of weaknesses, including forecast and actual flow or discharge. Errors may introduce in flow measurements and water content in reservoirs, also imbalances due to human and natural intervention are not considered in the conventional system. Due to this, users at the tail end endure more or shortage water. To provide efficient delivery and avert imbalance, canal automation plays crucial role in irrigation. This paper proposes remote flow control system based on Supervisory Control And Data Acquisition (SCADA). System monitors and controls required flow continuously, also monitors power status, upstream level, downstream level and system status. It initiates push communication in case of any uncertainty. Desired flow command given by remote SCADA automatically or by operator at main SCADA.
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Talking about quality in higher education is not a new matter, as it was previously discussed by many researchers about the importance of implementing a specific quality system in higher education institutions to ensure preserving the quality of the educational process provided. Accordingly, many quality bodies have appeared in all countries of the world, which operate according to specific (almost similar) protocols to ensure the safety of educational outcomes and that the information reaches the student. Those protocols aim to guarantee that the graduate benefits from the courses they had studied and applied that information in the labor market while ensuring that this information is relevant and compatible with the labor market requirements. In a later period, and with the advent of time, new and specific terms emerged that clarify the differences related to the academic accreditation of educational institutions, including programmatic, institutional, regional, and local accreditation (and we will talk about the difference between them later in the research) and with the passage of years, a new concept emerged that the International Organization for Standards ISO introduced, namely: Management Quality Management System for Educational Institutions ISO 21001. This standard appeared in late 2017 and early 2018 and is similar in its work and goal to institutional accreditation provided by bodies for educational quality assurance and control in the European Union, USA, Canada, and all other countries worldwide.
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Paneer is an indigenous dairy product which is relished by all and has high nutritional value, but has poor shelf-life. While herbs are known to be effective natural preservative, antioxidant and flavouring agent. Thus the present study was designed to develop herbal paneer by incorporating herbs viz., black pepper (0.25%) and cardamom powder (0.50%) and its quality parameters (pH, titratable acidity, TSS, moisture content, ash content, fat content, protein content, phenolic content and sensory parameters) were evaluated and compared with control sample. The results revealed that the herbal paneer was organoleptically better than control samples, while no or least effects were found on the proximate and physiochemical parameters of the paneer. The total phenolic content was found to be slightly higher in herbal paneer sample, indicating possibility of use of herbs to develop a novel functional dairy product with enhanced antioxidant properties and ultimately enhanced shelf-life.
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In this paper, we wanted to point out how Trade war begins with nationalist rhetoric and old protectionist slogans to gain National Welfare. We discussed how United States dominated the world trade and initiated most of the Trade wars. We also understood from our study that such type of trade wars are basically damaging to global trading system by harming small countries mostly and bringing no welfare gains for the US. We discussed how US –China trade wars took place and explained these trade wars are the results of domestic protectionist measures of these countries. The US govt. implements high tariff which damages Terms of Trade, Friendly Cooperation between trading nations, and initiates retaliations among trading partners with Nash Equilibrium. At last we can say that from these types of trade conflicts the US govt. though adds sectoral gains in the value added but ultimately gains no welfare for the country itself. In case of US-China trade wars the loss for China are comparatively smaller as compare to other nations. After beginning of any trade wars there exits free riders that can damage many areas of trade and TOT deteriorations can even depends on how retaliations from opposite countries takes place.
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Human Activity Recognition (HAR) refers to the automatic detection of various physical events carried out by people in their daily life. HAR system assists in differentiating the behavior performed by person and informative feedback is offered for involvement. The main objective of activity recognition is to offer information on a user’s actions for permitting the computing systems to proactively help users with their tasks. The recognition model is constructed and concentrated on different machine learning algorithm to set the feature illustration in this research work based upon the efficient of HAR. But, HAR failed to reduce the error rate during human actions identification. In order to enhance the performance of HAR, the accuracy in identifying human activities needs to be raised.
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Number theory is probably one of the most important areas of Mathematics used in Computer Science and the basics behind all of modern Cryptography. Number theory is devoted originally to the study of integers. With the contributions made by Mathematicians in different ages to advancing the study of integers, the basics system of number theory has been gradually improved and thereby a complete and unified discipline has been formed. The paper mainly studies the development and application of number theory, aiming to review the history of discipline and explore its influence on production and our life and its applications in Engineering Field. The Number Theory, as such, was less applied in engineering compared to calculus geometry etc. The problem was that it could not be used directly in any application. But the number theory, combined with the computational power of modern computers, gives interesting solutions to real life problem. At present, number theory is widely and fully applied in many fields, such as Computing, Cryptography, Physics, Chemistry, Biology, Acoustics, Electronics, Communication, Graphics and even Musicology.
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Safety has always been important part of the paper Industries. The main objective of this research work was implementation of Lockout and Tag out (LOTO) systems in electrical panel board to minimize the hazards and injuries in paper industry. Many processes with hazardous energies have been identified in paper mill in electrical and mechanical section maintenance work. Hazardous energies like electrical, chemical, gravity, thermal, hydraulics, pressure etc. were handled with utmost precaution control of these hazardous energies ensures and enhances safety precaution. Also verified the influence of human error during preventive maintenance and activities on the optimal safety stock levels using an extension of the hedging point structure. By successful implementation of LOTO system, the maintenance cost, inventory cost, and factory accident, frequency and severity rate of incidents were reduced.
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The photoelectrochemical properties of Cd1-xZnxS (x = 0, 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8, and 1) thin film, prepared by Chemical bath deposition technique on simple glass and fluorine doped tin oxide(FTO) coated glass substrate were studied. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) studies indicate that film was hexagonal with polycrystalline in nature. The current-voltage (I–V) curve for PEC cell of configuration n-Cd1-xZnxS//1M polysulphide//C under illumination for film deposited on FTO coated glass substrate, respectively. I–V curve characterizes the semiconductor/ electrolyte junction which acts like a diode. The interface shows a rectifying behavior with a cathodic current (direct) much greater than the anodic current (reverse), which is typical of a Schottky junction formed between an n-type semiconducting material and a metal or an electrolyte. Various PEC parameters such as the junction ideality factor under illumination, series and shunt resistances, effi ciency and, fi ll factor have been calculated for the PEC cells formed. The effi ciency and fi ll factor of these PEC cells are found to be increased as increasing X=0.4 and further, it decreases as X increases.
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Thousands of small & medium scale industries are present in India. All are facing certain problems resulting in shortage of production and quality issues like productivity, greater lead time, processing time etc. The paper contains basis definition of kaizen philosophy & a brief review of kaizen concept & its implementation. The purpose of this paper is to represent Kaizen, its related terms in a concrete way & its implementation in improving the overall effectiveness of organization. This paper illustrates about kaizen implementation in small manufacturing industry & also focuses on the scenario of Indian manufacturing company while implementing Kaizen. The paper also illustrates the implementation of kaizen technique in a company who is dealing with manufacturing the PVC pipes. The company is currently facing with the problem of increased lead time and backorders. The main objective is to implement kaizen practice in the case company. This implementation is focused on reducing the lead time of sales order processing by mean of which the productivity of organization will be improved. We also suppose to generate case based simulation models which estimate the basic Kaizen implementation process before & after implementation. The tools used are Kaizen, 5S, kaizen sheet 5S sheet etc., and monte-carlo simulation method (for analysis).
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COVID-19, social distance, self-isolation, quarantine, layoff, migraine prophylaxis, and many others have started to emerge as the globe's new vocabulary, not exempted from the construction sector. It is exactly a period since the modern world encountered the very last epidemic. Nevertheless, the most famous epidemic of disease known as Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) was reported to have struck all peoples of the world within 4 months and proclaimed an epidemic in March 2020. This outbreak has impacted industries from all around the world, such as built-up asset procurement and facility management. Its influence has led to the use of creative and complex innovations in an outstanding way that can alter the direction of construction long just after coronavirus has been extinguished. This thesis examines the impact of COVID-19 using a quantitative approach on built asset acquisition and future prospects for the construction sector. For the information gathering, a survey was conducted out over the built asset acquisition practitioners. Architects, building, civil, electrical, and mechanical engineers, project managers and quantity surveyors received 71 questionnaires. For the study of the results, the program SPSS 25 (a social science statistical package) was used. From the result of the analyzing it’s become clear of the project status that over 90 percent reported that their projects were impacted due the Pandemic. Nearly 51 percent of the participants suggested that their initiatives were partly halted due to the COVID-19, while up to 40 percent of the participants witnessed full stoppage. One of the participants disclosed that the proposals had been absolutely halted at the initial level and then turned into partial.
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The world is unquestionably shrinking because of developments in transportation and communications. Innovation joined with the improvement of a world market have brought about individuals from various countries, societies, dialects and experiences now interacting, meeting and working together like never before. Not many organizations can get away from the need to eventually manage partners or customers from another culture. Doing business is a global phenomenon and if a company needs to create, improve and advance then it becomes necessary for it to connect with the possibilities that the world has to offer.Negotiations are a successive element of international business. Partners included in a negotiation encounter distinctive issues in achieving an effective result. At the point when the groups have distinctive cultural backgrounds the confronted issues turns out to be rather complicated. The Western (Spanish) and the Eastern (Indian) cultures have been studied by numerous experts to express the contrast between their cultures in light of the fact that recognized contrasts does prevail between them and that is one of the explanations for the differences in negotiation between Spanish and Indian cultures.
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The present study analyses the labour force participation rate in agricultural and non-agricultural activities in Sikkim with special emphasis on women’s work participation and its variations across the districts. The study was based on secondary data that was collected for the agricultural workers, non-agricultural workers and total workers from the Census of India, 2011. The total agricultural workers comprised of the cultivators and the agricultural labourers; the total non-agricultural workers included workers in the household industry and other workers. Total workers consisted of the main workers and the marginal workers. The results were analyzed using descriptive statistics such as percentages and tabular representation. Both in the agricultural and the non-agricultural activities, men dominated women whose participation was found to be between, 50 to 72 per cent. However, while comparing the involvement of the men and the women as main and marginal workers, it was observed that 70 per cent of the men were involved as main workers and 56 per cent of the women were actively involved as marginal workers. Inter-district variations in all the categories of the work mentioned above were found in the state. Ultimately, it was realized that 50 per cent of the population of the state were working population and 50 per cent were dependent or non-working population. Such a result is a great concern to all the stakeholders of the state especially the policy makers. More employment opportunity is to be augmented in the state to involve more people in work to enhance the state’s economy.
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Tyre is made up of natural rubber or synthetic rubber .natural rubber is present as milky liquid or latex in the bark of rubber tree, HEVEA BRASILIENSIS. Natural rubber combines with carbon, oil, sulphur and the chemicals at a temperature of 100-140oC and under goes a number of stages of processes. Synthetic rubber is any vulcanisable man made rubber like polymer. By retreading tyre we are doing a good job which is in favour of Natural resources. Tyre Retreading is a new technology, where the old tyres are made serviceable by removing worn out and damaged treads and replacing it with new treads. New treads are available in the market in form of rolls and in brief, in can be put on old tyre and cured with the help of steam. Similar to the new tyres, the treaded tyres can be very well used on all vehicles, irrespective of light or heavy vehicles. With a safe and new technology, which is being adopted now-a-days, it will be more easy and economical to produce tyres. As day by day, more and more vehicles are running on roads, hence more tyres are required for replacement. With further growth of economy, there will be an increase in transport as well as passenger vehicles and hence more tyres will be required. Hence, there is a very wide scope for retread tyres as an original replacement.
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Biodiesel, which is an alternative for diesel fuel, has gained considerable attention in the recent past and now gaining recognition among other available renewable fuels. In practice, biodiesel is produced through a process called transesterification in which organically derived oils are combined with alcohol (ethanol or methanol) in the presence of a catalyst to form ethyl or methyl ester. The produced biodiesel should meet the exiting standards for better performance in unmodified diesel engine. Use of biodiesel in a compression ignition engine was found to develop a highly compatible engine-fuel system with low emission characteristics. Two similar engines were operated using optimum biodiesel blend and mineral diesel oil, respectively. The additional lubricating property present in the fuel resulted in lower wear and improved life of moving components in a biodiesel-fuelled engine. However, this needed experimental verification and quantification. A series of experiments were thus conducted to see the fuel consumption of the various concentrations of biodiesel blends. 100% biodiesel showed lesser consumption rate compared to diesel oil.
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IT project management depends on different kind of attributes such as planning, organizing, and different kind of affairs in information technology (IT) goals. IT project management is also responsible for the various kind of software development, hardware and network,install and upgrades, cloud computing and virtualization establishment, analytics and data management projects etc. IT Project Management now a day’s is not only an area or working affair for better IT affairs but also s field of study. Internationally many universities have started the program on IT Management with different level viz. Bachelor, Masters, Doctoral. This paper is conceptual in nature and mainly deals with the basic concept of IT Management, Function and features of IT Management. The paper also explores about the emergence of IT Management related areas and including the basic role of IT Manager in simple and general context.
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In India, insurance has a deep-rooted history. It finds mention in the writings of Manu (Manusmrithi), Yagnavalkya (Dharmasastra) and Kautilya (Arthasastra). The writings talk in terms of pooling of resources that could be re-distributed in times of calamities such as fire, floods, epidemics and famine. This was probably a pre-cursor to modern day insurance. Ancient Indian history has preserved the earliest traces of insurance in the form of marine trade loans and carriers’ contracts. Insurance in India has evolved over time heavily drawing from other countries, England in particular. Life Insurance in its modern form came to India from England in the year 1818. Oriental Life Insurance Company started by Europeans in Calcutta was the first life insurance company on Indian Soil. All the insurance companies established during that period were brought up with the purpose of looking after the needs of European community and Indian natives were not being insured by these companies. The insurance sector has gone through a number of phases by allowing private companies to solicit insurance and also allowing foreign direct investment. India allowed private companies in insurance sector in 2000, setting a limit on FDI to 26%, which was increased to 49% in 2014. However, the largest life-insurance company in India, Life Insurance Corporation of India is still owned by the government and carries a sovereign guarantee for all insurance policies issued by it. The present study examines the growth Life Insurance business in India. Popular financial tool like CAGR is used for the study along with some popular statistical tools like t-test and ANOVA. Secondary data published by IRDA and the Annual Reports of LICI is used for the study for a period from 2008-09 to 2016-17. The study is empirical in nature.
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An inclined plate metering device for onion bulb planter was developed and its performance was evaluated in CAE, Lab, JNKVV, Jabalpur. Elevating error, cell fills, bulb damage, actual planting distance, mean planting distance, planting error and feed index were evaluated under the different peripheral speed of the rotor with respect to 3 angular positions of metering plate. It was found that elevating error was minimum (1.51 %) at the metering plate inclination of 50° compared to 60° and 70° at the peripheral speed of 7.6 m/min. The cell fill was maximum (100.38 %) due to double feed at the inclination angle of 50° compared to 60° and 70° at the peripheral speed of 7.6 m/min but the bulb damage was found nil at the inclination angle 500 at a peripheral speed 7.6 m/min. The bulb damage increases with an increase in peripheral speed of the rotor and actual planting distance, mean planting distance, planting error was minimum 10.79 cm, 11.08 cm, 1.92 cm respectively, with a maximum feed index of (93.17%) at minimum travel speed 0.6 km/h. However, the actual planting distance, mean planting distance, planting error increased and feed index decreased with the increase in travel speed, but the cell fill decreased with the increase in peripheral speed at all inclination positions.
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Data compression is the process that is used to reduce the physical size of a block of information; data compression encodes information using fewer bits to help in reducing the consumption of expensive resources such as disk space or transmission bandwidth. The task of compression consist of two components, an encoding algorithm that takes a message and generates a compressed representation (hopefully with fewer bits), and a decoding algorithm that reconstructs the original message or some approximation of it from the compressed representation. Data Compression is divided into two (2) broad categories namely Lossless compression and lossy algorithms. This paper examined these compression techniques and provided a comparative analysis of three commonly used compression techniques (the Huffman, Lempel-Ziv and RunLength Encoding). The results revealed that compression algorithms can be proven to be more effective on notepad, text, web documents, PDF, Images and sound.
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Green Science and Technology is one of the important agenda for building eco-friendly institutions, organization and Governance system. Today many domains are dealing with Green and environmental aspects for better and healthy sustainability. Among so many knowledge domains Green Computing, Green Information Technology, Green Business gain popularity. These domains are mainly responsible for the design and development of system and mechanism which may be manual or computational dedicated to Green and Eco-Friendly environment creation. Many organization and institutions are engaged healthy strategy and policy towards building of Environmental health system and computing platform and to bring complete sustainability. This paper is about Green Science and Technology; their basic feature and importance. Paper is also illustrated future possibilities as academic programme on these domains.
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Forest are the basis for sustaining the ecosystem and helps cleanse the environment and provides shelter food for life dependent on it. Humans owe a great responsibility in preserving the remaining forests and take preventive steps towards the destruction of forest. One of the major cause for forest destruction are forest fires. So this project deals with the development of an intelligent real time and automatic early warning system for forest fire. It enables remote monitoring of conditions inside the forest regions and creates an alert when an forest fire is detected by unique mail and sms, the sensor data are constantly monitored along with a gps location for each sensor node which are connected together by Zigbee modules capable of long range transmission, the simple battery monitoring system allows constant monitoring of power usage of the entire setup. On the whole this prototype model when implemented will be a cost effective way for preventing forest fires.
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“American roads are good not because America is rich, but America is rich because American roads are good.” — John F. Kennedy. India has a road network of over 5,472,144 kilometres (3,400,233 mi) as on 31 March 2015, the second largest road network in the world. Expansive soils are typically clays that demonstrate extensive volume and strength changes at varying moisture content due to their chemical composition. The main causes of premature failures of road pavements is attributed to expansive subgrade soils and poor drainage, leading to severe cracking and heave on road surface. The amount of certain clay minerals that are present, such as montmorillonite and smectite, directly affect the shrink-swell capacity of soil. This ability to drastically change volume can cause damage to existing structures. The aim of this paper is to highlight issues of expansive subgrades & suggest some workable solutions so that highway engineers can improve design and construction methodology of pavement on expansive soils. As per a report, “Expansive clay soil causes more damage to U.S. commercial and residential property each year than all hurricanes, tornados, earthquakes and floods combined”.
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Vocational education system relates to programmes of study with job readiness. Though vocational education is non-formal in nature and focuses primarily on industry specific trade, occupation or vocational study enabling grass-root level people to acquire job specific skills based on hands-on-practice and/or training for their gainful employment. The Indian education system recognizes the role of vocational education, keeping in view the demand of highly skilled labour force both in the government as well as private/business sectors. The Ministry of Skill Development and Entrepreneurship (MSDE) set up by the Government of India plays an important role in co-ordination with its allied bodies like- National Skill Development Agency (NSDA), National Skill Development Corporation (NSDC), Sector Skill Councils (SSC) and training partners for fulfilling the industrial requirements of trained and skilled manpower, besides skill up-gradation, and building of new skills not only for existing jobs but also aiming at jobs that are to be created in near future. Notwithstanding that there are many areas in which India is facing challenges to overcome problems in implementation of vocational education in regard to quality and employability, the paper intends to emphasize on some aspects of quality, employability and Government’s role in vocational education programme implementation.
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Contents for Volume 5 Issue 1 June 2017
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Higher education could be interactive and subject centred, and yet, it is not only about reading books and learning by heart but much more about knowing oneself while entering into the knowledge world. However, being educated is a chance in life, and this opportunity should be extended to anyone and everyone in whatever form it suits to him/her. For a country like India, informal education is our strength, and we may train large section of grass-root level and under-privileged children to help them develop not only in their local pockets but to help globally with trained and skilled manpower in diverse fields the industries look forward to acquire skilled hands for different jobs. To the unorganized sectors where employability is over 90 %, the thrust has to be directed on how to produce trained and skilled manpower to cope with the variety of job requirements. Further, the introduction of technological developments focusing the relatively higher product quality benchmark, the challenges in the informal sector are on rise; and thus, this paper attempts to analyze the ever growing importance of strengthening of the informal teaching-learning processes highlighting the new expectations from the higher education.
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In this paper a fully reused VLSI architecture of FM0/Manchester encoding technique for memory application has been proposed. In this paper we are encoding the 1 bit data into 16 bit data and storing it into a memory of certain address location given by the linear feedback shift register (LFSR),whose input is taken from the pseudo random sequence generator (PRSG). The encoded 16 bit data is stored into memory controller; the encoded data is decoded back into 1 bit data under the condition: when MSB bit is at logic state 1. By using FM0/Manchester encoding and decoding technique, the data will be secure , this process is easy and faster to carry out. This paper develops a fully reused VLSI architecture, and also exhibits an efficient performance.
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Literacy is an important part of every person’s life. Normally, we know literacy means the ability of reading, write, view, design, listen and speak in a way which allows us to communicate to each other effectively[12]. The area of literacy does not depend on the only read or write, in nowadays, literacy meaning has extended to include the ability to use Languages, Computer, Images, the Internet, Information Interchange and so on. The idea of literacy is extending in Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) nations to include skills to approach information through innovation and capacity to survey complex settings[19].
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Nature has been the source of medicinal agents for more than thousands of years, interestingly phytotherapy dominates in age old traditional system and also practice of alternative medicine across different cultures as Indian and Chinese system of medicine and Unani literature respectively. More than 70% of world’s population is rely on herbal medicines for most part of their primary health care system. Investigations have been carried out from time to time to develop types of herbal formulations either singly or in combinations (Polyherbal formulations) to enhance overall therapeutic potential of the formulation. The present study was carried out to ascertain analgesic and anti-inflammatory activities of methanolic extracts of herbal combination containing equal proportion of Diploclisia glaucescens leaf and rhizomes of Curcuma longa in Wistar albino rats. The solvent yield of these extract was 16.75% and colour with dark brown to reddish brown with solid to semisolid consistency. The collected extracts were subjected to phytochemical analysis before animal experimentation, revealed the presence of all major phytoconstituents including alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, glycosides, tannins and terpene compounds. The analgesic activity was assessed by Eddy’s hot plate method and Formalin induced rat paw edema model and anti-inflammatory activity by Carrageenan induced paw edema model respectively. Significant analgesic and anti-inflammatory activity was noticed in the herbal formulation treated groups of both 200 and 400 mg/kg body weight. These test drug activity was sustained and comparable to the standard drug, Ibuprofen and Indomethacin. Thus the study can be concluded that the test drug possess significantly higher analgesic and anti-inflammatory activity possibly due to the presence of manifold secondary phytoconstituents.
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Vol. 6, No. 1, June 2018
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Ad-hoc data processing has cloven to be a laborious illustration for Internet companies who process large quantities of unstructured data. However, the accuracy of cloud-based computing, where storage are outsourced to multiple third-parties across the world, expounded large gathered of highly distributed and evermore detonates data. Our secretion combines the power and ingeniousness of the MapReduce abstraction with a wide-scale of distributed stream processor. While our incremental MapReduce operators avoid data re-processing, the stream processor manages the allocation and anatomical data flow of the operators across the large volume of area. We display a distributed web indexing engine against which users can dedicate and spread continuous MapReduce jobs. An integration element illustrates both the incremental indexing and index searches in tangible time. I also discuss the factors that make cloud computing a striking option for financial services firm, argue the advantages of cloud computing by providing some examples of assumption by financial services firms, and provide our aspects on the ideal types of financial services systems that should be moved to a cloud
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Persistence of Vision (POV) is a unique concept that we experience in our day-to-day life whenever an afterimage of something seems to persist for 1/30th of a second on the retina of our eye. POV display creates a perception of an image; occupying a spatial portion in rapid succession. This paper proposes the concept of persistence of vision using ARDUINO, Microprocessor ATmega328, Arduino GSM shield and a series of LEDs used for display wherein the Arduino GSM shield is used to interface ARDUINO with the SIMCOM modules. The theory behind this lies in the fact that, as long as the entire path between an image and human eye is complete during the visual persistence time, ‘the whole image is perceived’. To overcome the drawbacks of old processor, we emphasize this paper on interfacing our POV display with GSM shield with an inserted SIM. Microcontroller board- Arduino uno based on ATmega 328, GSM shield integrated with SIMCOM module and IDE software are being used for achieving the desired results.
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Women’s empowerment in India is heavily dependent on many different variables that include geographical location (urban/rural), educational status, social status (caste and class), and age. Policies on women’s empowerment exist at the national, state, and local (Panchayat) levels in many sectors, including health, education, economic opportunities, gender-based violence, and political participation. However, there are significant gaps between policy advancements and actual practice at the community level. Women Empowerment itself elaborates that Social Rights, Political Rights, Economical stability, judicial strength and all other rights should be also equal to women. There should be no discrimination between men and woman. Women should now there fundamental and social rights which they get once they born.
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Decision-making is an assessment activity where several alternatives will be assessed to identify the best alternative or the optimal set of alternatives. The assessment that is carried out by humans is always not precise. Imprecision may exist in the form of incompleteness, ignorance, vagueness and uncertainty. The literature records many techniques for decision-making, which are based on different scales of assessment. Further, there are algorithms which aggregate assessments data for meaningful results and analyses. The objective of this paper is to present a comprehensive model which integrates collection of assessments incorporating uncertainty and aggregation of the obtained data to generate ranks of preference of the alternatives. Interested researchers can envisage the model in different empirical and contextual settings to extract the potential.
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Human Centered Computing is one of the emerging interdisciplinary domains responsible for building computing and Information Infrastructure which is very much close to Human-Computer Interaction and Social Computing and it is deals with some special characteristics. Kling and Star first coined the term ‘Human Centered Computing’ and now it is most popular in Social Engineering Field. It particularly focuses on users specially working with computer rather than other kind of machine or designed artifacts. In this way, most of the electronic products are getting very close to HCI and Human Centered Computing and hence the R/D activity on this domain is rising. This paper talks about Human Centered Computing and its allied fields highlighting its benefits and features and the need of Software Engineering to promote the field.
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Various factors influence the demography of a region. In developing or developed regions, employment opportunities and resulting migration is one of the key factor. The study looks at contribution of females in the working and non-working population of the state of Maharashtra. The census shows that although there is a greater number of non-working women in the state, there has also been a significant increase in the Main Working population.
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Wireless sensor networks are composed of a broad array of independent sensors called nodes. These nodes are inexpensive and are used in data gathering usually in hostile environments. They collect data physical or environmental conditions, such as temperature, pressure, etc. And send it to a base station. They are limited in efficiency, secure routing, load sharing, etc. To overcome these issues clustering is performed in WSN, which partitions the network into groups. Each group selects a cluster head which gathers data from all the nodes and sends it to the base station. These groups head are selected using various algorithms which are based on residual energy, distance, etc. The proposed algorithm suggests the usage of a stochastic election approach to effectuate the improvement in load balancing of clusters in wireless sensor networks which also improves the network lifetime. The proposed system is a modified version of the SEARCH algorithm which is adapted with data thresholding to increase the network lifetime and remove redundancy of the data sent. The simulation results show that the proposed approach is more efficient than other distributed algorithms. This technique can be easily extended to large-scale wireless sensor networks.
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Perceived Organizational Support (POS) is the degree to which employees believe that their organization values their contributions and cares about their well-being (Eisenberger, Huntington, Huntington, & Sowa, 1986; Rhoades & Eisenberger, 2002). Perceived Organisational support would be influenced by various aspects of an employee’s treatment by the organization and would in turn, influence the employee’s interpretation of organizational motives underlying that treatment. Organizational support theory (OST: Eisenberger, Huntington, Hutchinson, & Sowa, 1986; Rhoades & Eisenberger, 2002; Shore & Shore, 1995) holds that in order to meet socioemotional needs and to assess the benefits of increased work effort, employees form a general perception concerning the extent to which the organization values their contributions and cares about their well-being. Such perceived organizational support (POS) would increase employees’ felt obligation to help the organization reach its objectives, their affective commitment to the organization, and their expectation that improved performance would be rewarded. Job satisfaction is simply how content an individual is with his or her job. In other words, whether or not they like the job or individual aspects or facets of jobs, such as nature of work or supervision. Job satisfaction is the level of contentment a person feels regarding his or her job.
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Reusing of information technological product is called Green Computing. Recycling plays an important role in Green Computing. In generally, Green Computing is the deployment, optimization, virtualization and energy management and more over resource allocation. This includes software, hardware, applications, utilities, drivers and so on and can be treated as model or approach foe eco-friendly information technology utilization. Cloud Technology and Green Computing are related with Cloud Computing. To prepare easy and effective Information Systems virtualization is the main fundamentals of Cloud Computing. Use of minimum computers and machine are recommended which provide centralized service. The aim of Green Computing may be fulfill by appropriate Cloud Computing utilization directly and indirectly. Apart from dealing with developing programmes or systems it also helps in developing a big spectrum of related components, which centralize software. Software Engineering is a common names in today’s information age. A list of instruction or data loaded into the computer to do certain activities in the computer is recognized as software. Software is a list of instruction or programme to carry out function in the computer and here software engineering play an important role for the social and cultural development and for designing and development of systems. Machine and this trend is increasing rapidly. This paper is illustrated several aspects of Software Engineering including its basic as well as fundamentals and some concern deals with Software Engineering in generally as well as in the perspective of social and community product development. Paper is expressed how Green Computing is an important socially touched domain and more clearly a social software engineering field.
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Proteins are one of the most important molecules in living organisms so they play a vital structural role in the cells of living organism. They are constructed of several polypeptide chains of amino acids, which fold into complex tertiary Structure. The knowledge of the protein function is directly dependent on its three dimensional (tertiary) structure. The Physicochemical properties of proteins always guide to determine the quality of the protein tertiary structure. Therefore it has been rigorously used to distinguish native or native like structure from other predicted structure. The experiments were conducted on the CASP dataset to classify RMSD (target class) near to native protein tertiary structure or not. Kernel principal component analysis (KPCA) is used for feature extraction since it performs better than PCA on protein tertiary structure dataset due to their nonlinear structures. The proposed model compare with neural network classification method. The experiments conducted shows that support vector machine combined with KPCA feature extraction performs better than neural network classifier. More than our results show better performance in Gaussian KPCA feature extraction with respect to other kernels.
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Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) are type of network which is mainly deployed to those areas where infrastructure network is unavailable and where people cannot reach easily. To those areas sensors are deployed to collect information about the environment. Since sensors are run by battery power, long time use of sensors to those remote areas, is one of the main challenges for WSN. To deal with long time use of battery power, low power consumption technique is used. IEEE 802.15.4 standardization is used for Low Rate Wireless Personal Area Network (LRWPAN). To get a lesser amount of consumption of power, few parameters of IEEE 802.15.4 are changed in our proposed strategy. At last comparison of proposed strategy and IEEE 802.15.4 is made where proposed strategy performs well for low power consumption.
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Clustering technique is critically important step in data mining process. Clustering is a significant task in data analysis and data mining applications. It is the task of arrangement a set of objects so that objects in the identical group are more related to each other than to those in other groups (clusters). Data mining can do by passing through various phases. Mining can be done by using supervised and unsupervised learning. The clustering is unsupervised learning. A good clustering method will produce high superiority clusters with high intra-class similarity and low inter-class similarity. Its main distinctiveness is the fastest processing time. In this paper, an analysis of clustering and its different techniques in data mining is done. Results were quite encouraging and had shown high accuracy.
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Skills and knowledge are the commanding forces of economic growth and social development for any nation. Despite the continuous thrust being given on education and training in the country, there is still a great shortage of trained and skilled manpower to address to the various industrial needs; and this has slowed down the industrial growth. The shortage of skilled manpower could be overcome by promoting Vocational Education & Training (VET). The paper presents highlights of the study undertaken and reporting on the feasibility, outcome and relevance of vocational education and training programme in the light of human capital development among the remotely located residents of Sikkim. While the secondary data collection method was adopted to review the literature to identify various variables and their antecedents, the primary data collection method introduced to collect first-hand information from 305 respondents on variables to analyse their impact on each other. The Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS-21) was used to facilitate the analysis. The validity of the instrument and the data was checked through exploratory factor analysis and reliability was checked through Cronbach’s coefficient alpha.
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Human Resources are the most valuable assets of an organization. They are considered ‘energy’ to an institution. People are the key factor that any institution has to keep in mind if it has to survive in this global village. Even though there are various factors which determine organizational excellence, the most significant factor which influences other factors is ‘employee related factors’. In the present-day competitive environment emphasis is being laid more on intrinsic motivational factors and, empowerment is one of the most important factors that any successful organization needs to give importance for its effectiveness. Quality of Work Life is an approach concerned with the overall climate of work and the impact that the work has on people as well as on organizational effectiveness. Quality of Work Life represents the overall satisfaction derived by the people from their work. Improvements in human satisfaction and increase in performance are the functions of dynamic interaction between the nature of work system and content of work organization and work technology, management practices, knowledge, skill and employee attitudes.
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Human interaction is one of the most important characteristics of group social dynamics in meetings. We are developing a smart meeting system for capturing human interactions and recognizing their types, such as proposing an idea, giving comments, expressing a positive opinion and requesting information
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The environment offers unlimited opportunities for development through effective exploration and exploitation of the available resources and purposeful utilization of the proceeds in developmental projects. However, in developing countries, environmental management is subject to various limitation and draw-backs. Consequently these countries continues to grapple with the challenges of climate change and its impacts, food security, population explosion, pest infestation, communicable diseases as well as pollution, contamination and environmental sustainability. The overall effects are poverty, low living standard, poor health, inadequate housing, high level of unemployment and under-employment, low agricultural productivity, technological backwardness and poor socio-economic development. Against the above background, it becomes pertinent to carry out an investigation on the essence and methods of effective environmental management, its socio-economic implications and the problems militating effective utilization of environmental resources in developing countries, hence this research.
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Education is a continuous process of changing a human being. Education is the most vital and valuable tool for development of each and every individual. Information Science and other information programmes are important domains of education and play an important role for harmonious development. Information is needed in almost all the sectors and domains like business, commerce, healthcare, education, governance and so on. Modern universities are offering so many educational programmes and courses on information and technology related domain. Both are important for societal development- directly and indirectly. Still Indian universities are offering limited number of programmes on information and technology. Hence huge potential is there to offer such programmes for the development of healthy and sophisticated information and technological infrastructure. This paper talks about education in the domain of information and technology and its existing and future potential in brief manner.
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Cloud Computing is actually a large scale Information Technology solution and able to customize and deliver a new type of environment basing on Information Technology to the common uses especially to the user of IT and Computing system. Cloud Computing is comes with so many features and facet with internet back up. It comes with just in time delivery of standardize storage process, management and infrastructure, as a measurable services, on a ‘Pay-as-you-go’ type and hence widely accessible in variety of organization and institutions. Cloud Computing and its load balancing is one of the important features which is essential to take care for healthy Information Management. This paper is talks about so many aspects related to such topic in brief manner.
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Cloud computing is an important name in today’s age of computing. This is kind of computing platform or architecture which believes in virtualization. The virtualization is including Hardware, Software, Application Packages and others. Cloud computing uses commodity based hardware as its base. This is actually helps the organization to buy the run IT Infrastructure of their own. Thus it helps general organization to get service to other organization and need to pay depending upon requirement. Though cloud computing has some of the benefit but still treated as most advance result of computing research. Cloud computing deployment models may be classified in to three main category and some minor types. This paper is talks about cloud computing and its basic nature; including its various deployment model with special reference to SWOT Analysis.
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Data Science is one of the important and emerging nomenclature and field of study internationally in many universities; not only developed countries but also in developing countries. Data Science is combined with various types of tools, techniques, technologies with reference to the algorithms, and machine learning principles. Further Data Science is also dedicated to discover hidden patterns of the data from the raw data. The experts involves in the tasks are called Data Science, Data Analyst etc. They not only does the exploratory analysis of the data and similar facets to discover insights from it, but also they also uses various kind of advanced techniques and machine learning algorithms for the purpose viz. to identify the occurrence of a particular event in the future. The field Data Science is very much close with the Big Data, Data Analytics. Big Data is also known as Big Data Management which simply the techniques and procedure for the managing complex and large amount of data in different forms and format. Data Analytics is another area responsible for real analysis and predicting for the problem solving also. Initially in Computer Science and Mathematical Sciences the fields of Big Data, Data Analytics, Data Sciences etc were practiced but gradually various other disciplines and subjects also using these fields. Regarding as a field Data Science is normally offered in the academic units of Computer Science, Mathematical Sciences. But in recent past this is also can be noted in the academic units of Information Science, which is literary has different objects and role than Computer Science and Mathematical Sciences. iSchools which is considered as an important academic consortium in information related fields are also in recently started academic programs on Data Science with a little different focus to create manpower who not only understand about the Data but also it’s the issues, managerial context, social implications etc. for developing a smarter and intelligent society. This paper is theoretical in nature and exploratory in nature with aspects of Data Science in general emphasizing its current situation and offering in the iSchools with reference to the American region. The paper also aimed as a policy works for the other iSchools or the academic institutions and body may have potentialities in Data Science for creation of smarter systems.
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Artificial intelligence (AI), often known as the fourth industrial revolution (IR 4.0), will alter not only how we perform tasks and interact with others, but also what we know about ourselves. However, AI has a significant impact on how we perform tasks and interact with one another. Observe AI technology so that the world might profit from the development of this new intellect. It is connected with the notion that computer systems are expected to exhibit intelligence. It was the exclusive domain of humans previously. AI is able to make decisions and solve complicated problems in several sectors of society without human assistance. It has fundamentally altered society’s perspective on the discovery of human intelligence. Artificial intelligence is advancing quickly in numerous aspects of contemporary culture. AI can be utilised in a variety of fields, including medical research and the development of breakthrough technologies, such as driverless vehicles. The introduction of Artificial Intelligence has had both positive and negative consequences for society. The primary goal of this paper is to investigate the impact of artificial intelligence on society as well as the challenges of artificial intelligence.
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Now a days the changing paradigm of the teaching learning process demands technology oriented learning environment. We live in the arena of digital environment i.e., digital content, digital reference materials, digitalized instruction system and digital courses which are very popular in latest scenario of the world. Technology not only makes interesting our learning environment but also reduces stress from the mind of the children. Use of technology also helps them to remember the content or topic for a long time. Now, technology should be infused into the pedagogy. Content should be taught through technology oriented pedagogy. Digital pedagogy enhances practical skills and competencies of ICT world. If we design it effectively it has many advantages. But its design is cost effective, laborious and intelligent enough. Its most effective side is that if we can design it effectively it creates most attractive and positive learning environment. But frustrating enough our secondary schools is far behind of this new approach. Teachers are less acquainted about the use of technology in the classrooms. They fail to create the attractive digital learning environment on some of the contents. The paper tries to focus the design, formation and function of digital pedagogy on the recent teaching learning contents. It also mentioned the advantages and concerning factors of digital pedagogy.
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While most universities and HEIs work to provide an education system based on developing quality and education standards, and improving performance and skills indicators in all their faculties, some universities work to bypass these indicators for several reasons, the most important of which are saving time, money, and effort. The fact that these educational institutions neglect the development of their quality system leads to a decline in the level of their work, a decline in the level of students, and the neglect of faculty members to develop themselves, which leads in general to a decline in the level of their educational process, which will push the university itself to pay additional large sums of money to improve and develop their educational process in a way that leads to them spending twice as much time, losing very valuable time to them, and losing their academic reputation. This research paper provides a summary and a guide for these educational institutions to direct them in a way that contributes to developing the quality system and improving their performance in a way that saves time, money, and effort.
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A leader’s work is difficult because he or she must deal with a diverse spectrum of staff members, all of whom have various personalities. This needs the capacity of leaders to think outside the box in order to overcome these difficulties. To perform his administrative tasks more effectively and efficiently, he needs management and leadership qualities. The leadership of the supervisor is a vital aspect of his or her personality to deal with on a daily basis. Transformational leadership is a relatively recent approach to leadership in the business setting that focuses on the development of subordinates rather than the development of leaders themselves. According to research, transformative leadership is connected to the development of IWB. This research is looking to discover whether there is a relationship between transformative leadership approaches and IWB in private companies in Turkey and what are the barriers in adopting the two. Because of the scarcity of prior research in this topic at private companies in Turkey, this location was selected for the study. The study’s goal was to look at the TLS and IWB of private companies in Turkey. To achieve these goals, data was collected via an interview. The stratified random sampling approach was utilized. A total of 200 supervisors and subordinates from around Turkey took part in the survey, the study’s results imply that leaders employ IWBs to assist subordinates more effectively. According to the research, TLS and IWB seem to have a significant relationship. The working culture at the researcher’s private companies in Turkey does not encourage people who strive to take the initiative or operate in a different way than the rest of the personnel.
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Recently polymer composites embedded with conconductive carbon nano-filler (graphene or carbon nanofibers) have drawn considerable attention because of their multifunctional properties appropriate for electronic and biomedical applications. Cabon fibers (CFs) have extraordinary properties as filler material. As it is difficult to homogeniously mix CFs with polymer, in the present paper, insulating polyvinyal alcohol (PVA)/conducting carbon filament fiber powder (CFP) composite films were synthesized and characterized for the study of their electrical, dielectric and mechanical properties. Enhanced electrical conductivity, dielectric permittivity and mechanical properties were observed with the addition of conducting carbon filament powder in the composites. Such enhanced electrical, dielectric and mechanical properties represented multifunctional behavior of the biopolymer composite films and also indicated their compatibility for applications in fuel cell electrode material as well as for biomedical scaffold for tissue engineering.
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